With the plasma temperature, collisions plays a different role on the basic characteristics of the plasma such as the transport and the MHD activities.Behaviors of plasmas are surveyed in a view point of collisions to understand different aspect on the basic characteristics of plasmas with various temperatures.
The importance of the study on particle and energy transport in plasma-wall system for magnetic confinement fusion reactors is described, identifying the trend of research in four basic categories.Academic approaches in edge plasma simulation devices by generating a high heat flux plasma are recommended to complement big tokamak experiments.
High energy density plasma is shortly introduced, i.e.what is high energy density plasma?, how to produce it?, what kinds of its application can we expect?, and also recent experimental results are briefly discussed.
Reactive plasmas generated by discharge decomposition of various molecular gases have been used in many fields of industry for thin film electronic devices, new material, gas laser and so on.This paper reviews (i) what aspects of a reactive plasma are distinctive in comparison with other plasmas, (ii) what parameters of the plasma are needed to be controlled for industrial applications, (iii) how deeply the reactive plasma has been understood in view of basic physics and chemistry, and (iv) what innovative techniques of plasma production and control have been developed.
A short review is given on physical phenomena in classical strongly coupled plasmas. The focus is placed mainly on crystallization of those plasmas in Penning and Paul traps or in ion storage rings, most of which are realized in laboratories without large scale devices.
Stellar plasmas are briefly discussed.As typical examples of astrophysical plasmas, solar plasma phenomena such as the formation of hot corona, dynamo (generation of magnetic fields), flares (release of magnetic field energy), and production of high-energy particles are discussed. Also, models of magnetosphere and particle acceleration around neutron stars are described.
This paper reviews diamond deposition from the gas phase by microwave plasma CVD. Apparatus for diamond synthesis using microwave plasma are shown. Effects of synthetic conditions such as carbon concentration in the gas phase, substrate and substrate temperature are discussed with respect to the structural fcatures and some properties of diamond perpared from the gas phase.The results indicate that quality of the diamond depends on the synthetic conditions. It is shown that high quality diamond similar to natural type lla diamond is able to be produced under optimum conditions.
The Disruption process in tokamaks is described from a viewpoint of the control.Experimental examples are shown for neutral-beam heated plasma, including the control by using external magnetic field and by modifing the plasma current profile.A projection on an experimental reactor (ITER) is also described.
Cavitons are localized electron plasma waves trapped inside density cavities which are generated by the ponderomotive forces associated with the localized waves.Phenomena related to cavitons, such as existence of trapped caviton eigenmodes and emission of electromagnetic waves from cavitons, are reviewed.The relation of cavitons to strong Langmuir turbulence is also briefly discussed.
A new method of generating continuous electrical power using a pulsed DT tokamak fusion reactor is described.The system consists of an electrolysis-cell hydrogen producer and pulsed fusion reactors so as to keep continuous electric power output level by regulating thermal power flow in the reactor coolant circuit.It also protects reactor structures and turbine blades from repeated thermal stresses caused by pulsed operations or by disruptive instabilities.In case of the reactor with a thermal output power of 3 GW and with an operation as long as 20h with a dwell time of 5 min, the circulation power necessary for generating hydrogen fuels used for regulating thermal power level is only 15.3 MW.A sufficient amount of deuterium fuels is produced as by-products.
A new version of the method of access to ‘COLS’, a dictionary of English Collocations in physical science, is illustrated.The access method becomes much simpler than before, by virtue of making use of a data on collocations rearranged for the specific purpose, rather than the originally compiled LISP data.