体力科学
Online ISSN : 1881-4751
Print ISSN : 0039-906X
ISSN-L : 0039-906X
23 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • 内野 欽司, 佐藤 誠治, 小倉 貢, 岩下 聆, 饒村 清司, 中村 靖
    1974 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 53-59
    発行日: 1974/06/01
    公開日: 2010/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) 運動選手の瞬発握力発揮時の張力を, 名取の方法により分析し, 非鍛錬者のそれと比較し, 年令別, 運動種目別に検討し, さらに測定方法に検討を加えた。
    2) 被検者は17才から26才までの運動選手71名, および対照群として運動選手でない17才から30才までの健康な男子54名が無作為に選ばれた。運動選手のうち高校生は, 相撲, 柔道, 剣道, 野球部員であり, 大学生は, ハンドボール, ラグビー, 体操部員であった。また一般成人は, 警察柔道および剣道部員であった。
    3) 運動選手の加令にともなうPmax.の変化は, ほぼ20才になるとplateauに達するのを認めた。対照群では20才以降も漸増の経過を示した。
    4) 運動選手のtanψ, tanθはいつれも, 対照群より大きく, 瞬発筋力発揮時の実効が大であることを認めた。
    5) 瞬発筋力発揮時の実効を必要とする運動種目は, 剣道, 柔道で, 瞬発筋力の実効を必要としない種目は, 体操であろう。またハンドボールは, Pmax.が大きいことは必要であるが, 瞬発筋力の実効は, 剣道, 柔道ほど必要でない種目であるように推定された。
    6) 非鍛錬者および高校生の運動選手群では, Pmax.の大きいとき, tanψ, tanθも大きい傾向を示したが, 大学生, 一般成人の運動部員では, このような傾向はみられず, 運動種目によりPmax.の増加のしかた, tan φの増加のしかたが異るように推定された。
  • ―階段昇降運動の効果―
    飯塚 鉄雄, 日丸 哲也, 中西 光雄, 岩崎 義正, 永田 晟, 磯川 正教, 中村 誠
    1974 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 60-66
    発行日: 1974/06/01
    公開日: 2010/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to clarify the training effects of a prescribed exercise on physiological functions of middle aged persons. As the means of training, the staircase steppings were adopted, which were given three times a week during four months every other day. The amount of exercise was determined to be 152 steps/min. conducted within three minutes. The stepping was to step up two stair-cases at one time together, while stepping down only one stair-case instead.
    Twelve healthy men were employed whose age ranged from 36 to 50, and divided into two groups ; (a) exercise group, (b) none-exercise group. To measure the effects, following items were considered : weight, thigh-girth, calf-girth, triceps skin-fold, subscapular skin-fold, iliocrestate skin-fold, lower leg composition with ultra-sonic photography, legmuscular strength, leg-muscular endurance, five-minutes distance run, all-out time by bicycle-ergometer, heart-rate, maximum oxgen intake, oxgen pulse per body weight, redcell count, Hb volume (rest), vital capacity, timed vital-capacity, MBC.
    The following results were made :
    1. The leg-muscular strength and endurance of the exercise group increased with significance, whereas the none-exercise group showed no changes except for approximately 14 per cent increase in the skin-fold measurements after the training.
    2. Marked changes were not seen in cardio-respiratory measurements while an obvious increase of fatty tissue in the lower-leg of the exercise group was observed.
    3. The level of general endurance of the subjects this time was not up-graded perhaps due to the lack of amount in prescribed exercises for each person, but these exercises may be used for the maintenance of the fitness regarding the endurance.
  • 勝田 茂
    1974 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 67-76_4
    発行日: 1974/06/01
    公開日: 2010/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present study was carried out to examine the structural changes of the skeletal muscle fibers induced by exercise at the electron microscopic level. Twelve male albino rats were examined, of which six were used for the training group and the remainings were as controls. After training for ten weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their M. tibialis anterior was prepared for the examination with a light and electron microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows :
    1) The muscular training caused the hypertrophy of muscle fibers, the rate of which was about 20 percent in their cross section.
    2) After training, the number of myofibrils per unit area of fiber cross section decreased. There were correlations between the fiber diameter and the number of myofibrils. Thus these relations can be expressed by a different regression equation for each group ; that is, Y = 50.17X -1391.47 for trained group and Y=53.89X -1182.91 for control group, respectively. (X: fiber diameter in micron, Y : number of myofibrils)
    3) No significant difference existed between the trained and the control rats in the relative volumes of fiber components.
    4) There were no significant differences between the trained and the control rats in respect to the myofilamental parameters, such as myosin filament concentration, distance between myosin filaments, myosin filament diameter, actin filament diameter and ratio of actin to myosin filament.
    From the present study, it may be concluded that the hypertrophy of muscle fibers induced by exercise is attributed not to the increase in the number of myofibrils, but to the relative increase of both the size of each myofibril and the sarcoplasmic volume.
  • 酒巻 敏夫, 加藤 延雄, 福光 能里子, 長谷部 昭久, 安達 知恵子, 竹森 謙一, 柚木 斉
    1974 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 77-84
    発行日: 1974/06/01
    公開日: 2010/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    As a method of agility measurement under wide current use, the repeated side step is well-known. At present in Japan, a duration of 20 seconds is employed to test agility ; but it is often reported that the factor of endurance is included in this. When a diagnosis involving agility is made based on the performance of exercise, the duration of the time of measurement was controlled in order to avoid the mixing of other factors and to ensure measurement of as few factors as possible. The distance of step was made flexible according to the age. Since a constant distance makes the longitudinal tracing easier, the distance of step was also studied.
    Side steps were tested and duration of measurement was examined based on determinations in 1857 subjects, Junior and Senior school boys and girls and male university students. During the 20 seconds of measurement, scores were recorded every 5 seconds to study the time course of the fluctuations of scores. Taking into consideration factors of endurance such as the endurance of the lower extremity system, the knee test was conducted to see the relationship between scores of the repeated side step and knee test values. As to the distance of the step, 200 high school girls were tested over a distance of 100cm ×2 and 120cm ×2, for 10 seconds each.
    As to the time of measurement, the average score during the first 10-15 seconds after start tended to decrease. In the time course of fluctuations of the scores in each subject, a decrease in the fall of scorse was seen about 10 seconds after the start in approximately 55% of the test subjects.
    Based on the assumption that the endurance of the lower extremity system participates in this, high and low groups with a significant difference in the endurance of the lower extremity at the level of P<0.001 were compared. While no difference was seen in the slope of the score increase over a 10-second period from the start, changes of scores were distinctly different between 10 and 20 seconds, the lower values in the low group being obvious. The endurance of the lower extremity system was then studied in the two groups with high and low scores in the side step between 10 and 20 seconds. In the group with high scores, the endurance of the lower extremity was high : and a significant difference at P<0.01 was noted in this index.
    These results would definitely indicate that mixing of other factors is unavoidable under the current measurement duration of 20 seconds
    As to the distance of the step, scores are apparently different even in the same test subject, depending upon the distance of the step. The scores are also different depending upon the body length.
    In both of the two groups, however, the scores for each different distance of the step showed a high correlation between each other, giving a correlation coefficient of γ= 0.88 in the group with high body length and γ= 0.82 in the group with low body length, indicating a high correlation.
    Based on the diagnosis of agility and performance of exercise, in order to obtain the results of measurement of as simple a factor as possible, the agility time measurement is corrected to 10 seconds ; and the distance of the step is made constant at 100cm×2 regardless of the age, to a distance without unnatural effort even by a primary school pupil, in order to obtain a better diagnosis and tolerance for exercise for the desirable development and maintenance of agility.
    The influence of body height on the score should be studied in the future.
  • 1974 年 23 巻 2 号 p. 85-87
    発行日: 1974/06/01
    公開日: 2010/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
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