体力科学
Online ISSN : 1881-4751
Print ISSN : 0039-906X
ISSN-L : 0039-906X
33 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • 北川 薫, 松岡 弘記
    1984 年 33 巻 3 号 p. 119-129
    発行日: 1984/06/01
    公開日: 2010/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    栄養士が作成した栄養素のバランスが適切と考えられる減量食を用いて女子器械体操選手が33日間にわたって減量した際の身体諸機能の変化を検討した。その結果, 次のことが明らかとなった。
    1) 減量食摂取期間中の毎日行なった栄養摂取調査から1日当りの平均エネルギー摂取量を求めてみると1, 235kcalであり, その蛋白質, 脂肪, 炭水化物のエネルギー比はそれぞれ17.4%, 21.7%, 609%であった。また, ビタミン, ミネラル類はすべて栄養所要量を充足し, 減量食はほぼ指示どおりに達成された。
    2) 体重減少量は平均で3.76kgであった。そのうち脂肪量が2.99kgでLBMが0.77kgであり, それは体重減少量の79.5%と20.5%に相当した。なお体重と脂肪量は有意な減少であった。
    3) 全身持久性能力, 筋力, パワーは減量により影響をうけなかった。
    4) RBC, Hb, Htの変化はいつれも正常範囲内であって貧血の徴候はみられなかった。また, BSは有意に減少 (P<0.Ol) し, 血清FFAは2.5倍に有意に増加 (P<0.01) し, 減量食の摂取による影響がうかがわれた。さらに, 血清TP, Alb, A/G比は有意な低下を示さず本研究の減量食の蛋白質量は妥当な量であると考えられた。
    女子器械体操選手が体力を十分に維持し身体組成を修正するために栄養素のバランスが適切と考えられる献立を作成したが, 以上のようにその献立は効果的であったことが確認できた。また競技選手の体重調整には十分に栄養指導がなされた減量食が大切であることが確認された。
  • MITSUO NARUSAWA, TOSHITADA YOSHIOKA, SHOICHI NAKANO
    1984 年 33 巻 3 号 p. 130-141
    発行日: 1984/06/01
    公開日: 2010/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, the rats were subjected to a partial denervation of the soleus muscle at the age of three weeks. After this, histochemical investigations were carried out to establish what kind of changes had occurred in the differentiation of the muscle fiber type as a result of this partial drop in muscle activity.
    The partial denervation was performed on the sinistral rat's soleus muscle, roughly 20% of the nerve bundles. After this, the dextral soleus muscle was used as the contralateral control muscle and excised after two, four and eight weeks, respectively. Frozen sections of muscle were stained with HE and myosin ATPase. The cross sectioned specimen were used for determining the muscle fiber count and type II fiber count.
    The results thus obtained show that, compared with the contralateral control muscle, the partially denervated muscle have an approximately 5% reduced muscle fiber count two and four weeks after the partial denervation, and the type II fiber count, too, decreased to approximately 2/3 and 1/5, respectively. However, at eight weeks post-operatively, the muscle fiber count for the partially denervated muscle become almost the same as that for the contralateral control muscle, while the type II fiber count has, at this stage, recovered to approximately half its contralateral control muscle.
    From these observations, it had been concluded that the reduction in muscle activity due to its partial denervation continues to act as a causal factor in the fiber type transformation untill four weeks after the partial denervation. The muscles evaluted eight weeks postoperatively showed an increase in type II fiber over the count determined four weeks after the partial denervation, and the muscle fiber count had also developed at eight weeks to value identical to that of the contralateral control muscles. Therefore, it has been concluded that the fiber type transformation in the muscle eight weeks after partial denervation is attributable to the reinnervation of the denervated muscle fibers due to the remaining intact motoneurons and to the resulting changes in motor unit size.
  • 小山 憲路, 三田 勝巳, 矢部 京之助, 沖 高司, 笠井 勉, 村地 俊二, 土屋 和夫
    1984 年 33 巻 3 号 p. 142-147
    発行日: 1984/06/01
    公開日: 2010/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Cobb's and Ferguson's methods are widely used in order to measure scoliotic angle using the X-ray photograph. Since the scoliotic angle is detected on the bases of the positions of only two and three spines, the measured value includes various kinds of errors. Thus, the present study was designed to examine accuracy and reliability of the Cobb's and Ferguson's methods. The scoliotic angle corresponding to the Cobb's and Ferguson's method were computed using the least square approximating curve that was obtained on the basis of the positions of spines from thoracic to lumbar vertebrae.
    As a result, it was found that the scoliotic angle by means of the clinical Cobb's method was closely correlated to that by the least square method with positive correlation coefficient of 0.98. On the other hands, the Ferguson's method showed less relation to the least square method. Thus, it was confirmed that the Cobb's method was more reliable for diagonsis of the scoliosis.
  • 出村 慎一, 松沢 甚三郎, 塚谷 敏勝
    1984 年 33 巻 3 号 p. 148-156
    発行日: 1984/06/01
    公開日: 2010/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    As physical elements appear to relate independently to the achievement in each running performance, it may be appropriate to separate the general population into several groups when physical traits specific to the achievement in each running performance are investigated. For this reason, the following four groups were arbitrary set: Group FF with higher running speed in both 100m and 10km runs, Group SS with slower running speed in both 100m and 10km runs, Group FS with higher running speed only in 100m run, and Group SF with higer running speed only 10km run. The purpose of this study was to compare physical elements and their developmental balance between 4 different groups in terms of running ability. The subjects were 166 high school boys aged 15 to 18 (X=16.9yr) . Within the limitation of the present study, the folowing conclusions were drawn:
    1) Group SS was much inferior to the other groups in many tests representing power, agility, balance, coordination, and leg muscular endurance. This group also possessed higher body fat. And scores in such traits as power and agility were significantly higher in FF group than in SF group.
    2) Factor analysis showed that physical fitness domain represented by 30 variables would be divided into six factors. While group SS possessed greater body bulk (F1) than the other groups, it had much inferior ability in power and agility (F5) . Cardio-respiratory function (F4) was significantly better in FF and SF groups as compared with SS and FS groups. However, no distinct differences existed beween groups in any of static strength (F2), body linearity (F3), and flexibility (F6) factors.
    3) Finally, this study supports the hypothesis that the developmental balance of physical elements is specific to each running group. Particularly, it is interesting to note that group SS showed higher scres in body bulk and lower scores in cardio-respiratory function, power and agility as compared with scores in the other factors.
  • 黒川 隆志, 野村 武男, 富樫 泰一, 池上 晴夫
    1984 年 33 巻 3 号 p. 157-170
    発行日: 1984/06/01
    公開日: 2010/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    水泳の鍛練度の相異により, 最も高いVO2maxが得られる運動様式が異なるか否か, また各種運動時の呼吸循環系の反応が異なるか否かを明らかにするために, 3種類の運動 (回流水槽泳, ペダリング, ランニング) の最大下負荷および最大負荷時に, 水泳選手の酸素摂取量と呼吸循環諸指標を測定した.被検者として鍛練度の低い水球選手5名 (水球群) , よく鍛練された男子大学水泳選手5名 (大学群) , および男子一流水泳選手14名 (エリート群) の3群を用いた.
    水球群では水泳時のVo2max (3.11 l/min) はペダリング時の値より5%低いが, 大学群では逆に水泳時 (3.631/min) に9%高く, エリート群でも水泳時 (4.12 1/min) に11%高い (P<0.01) 値を示した.ランニング時との比較では, 水球群のVo2maxは水泳時に19%低いが, 大学群では両運動時の値がほぼ一致した.
    エリート群の最大負荷を除けば, すべての群の最大下負荷と最大負荷において, 水泳時のVEとVE/Vo2はペダリング時やランニング時のそれより低かった.水泳時のVEの低下はfとVTがともに低下したことに起因した.VEに比べてVAでは, 水泳時と陸上運動時との差が小さくなった.
    いつれの群のいつれの運動時にも, Vo2の増加 にともないQは直線的に増加した.そして一定の 最大下負荷では, 3種類の運動時のQに顕著な差は認められなかった.最大負荷では, 水球群と大学群の水泳時の値 (19.7 1/minと21.3 1/min) はペダリング時の値とほぼ一致したが, ランニング時の値に対してはそれぞれ16%および11%低い値を示した.エリート群の水泳時 (23.8 1/min) にはペダリング時より5%高い値が得られた.
    Vo2の増加にともないHRは直線的に増加し, 最大下負荷の全過程を通して, ペダリング時よりランニング時に4~5 beats/min低く, 水泳時には10~20 beats/min低かった.最大負荷でもすべての群で, 水泳時のHRは陸上運動時の値より低かった.水泳時にHRが低いにもかかわらず, 一定の最大下負荷において3種類の運動時のQがほぼ一致したのは, 水泳時にSVが高いことに起因した.
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