体力科学

運動負荷の生体反応に及ぼす食塩摂量の影響について

外山寛, 田中弘之

1985 年 34 巻 3 号 p. 141-149
発行日: 1985/06/01
公開日: 2010/09/30

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm1949.34.3_141

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塩分摂取量の多寡が運動時の生体に及ぼす影響について検討する目的で健常な成人男子5名を対象に, 高塩分食および低塩分食をそれぞれ6日間摂取させた後, 65%VO₂max.の強度で30分間の持久的運動を負荷した.さらに, 同一被検者1名に対して低塩分食を4週間摂取させ, 1週間ごとに70%VO₂max.の強度で60分間の持久的運動を負荷し, 以下のような知見を得た.
1.高塩分食摂取下では運動中の心拍および最大血圧の応答が低く, また, 血清BUN値の低下が認められた.
2.低塩分食摂取下では運動負荷によって血清CK-MB活性値の血清CK活性値に対する比率が上昇し, クレアチニン・クリアランス値は低値を示し, その回復も遅れた.また, 血糖値の低下と血清BUN, 尿酸, トリグリセライドの各値の上昇を認めた.
3.尿中へのNa排泄量は塩分摂取量の変化に伴い増減した.K排泄量は高塩分食摂取下では普通食摂取下と差異を認めなかったが, 低塩分食摂取下では増加した.
これらの結果から, 塩分摂取量の急激な変化はそれ自体で生体にとってストレスとなり得る可能性を有し, このような状況下での運動実施には慎重な配慮が必要であると思われた.

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跳躍による小児の簡易運動負荷法

田村俊世, 若林良, 中島研二, 戸川達男, 小佐野満, 岸川明男

1985 年 34 巻 3 号 p. 150-157
発行日: 1985/06/01
公開日: 2010/09/30

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm1949.34.150

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A simple exercise test with vertical jumping was developed for children. The vertical acceleration wave form of back was measured with strain gauge type transducer. After amplification and rectification, the signal of positive acceleration was converted to frequency with voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) and VFC signals were decoded by a digital counter. The digital output was normalized by gravitational value and defined as physical activity rate. 10 young males and 24 schoolchildren jumped at several frequencies and oxygen uptake, physical activity rate and heart rate were measured. Also 28 children under school age jumped arbitrary and heart rate and physical activity rate were recorded. The results showed that the oxygen uptake per body weight had good correlation to the physical activity rate (r=0.95) . Although heart rate was significantly different with ages, physical activity rate which was defined as an index of exrecise test, was no significant difference with ages and weights (α<0.05) . The results indicated that this jumping test was helpful to make exercise stress test for younger children.

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喘息児と水泳

―生活時間特性―

三井淳蔵, 龝丸武臣, 山崎良比古, 大桑哲男, 吉村篤司, 加藤孝之, 宮下充正

1985 年 34 巻 3 号 p. 158-166
発行日: 1985/06/01
公開日: 2010/09/30

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm1949.34.158

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In 31 asthmatic children, we investigated the change of the structure on the time of living, an amount of exercise by pedmeter and measured pulmonary ventilatory function during 28 weeks swimming training.
The result showed 58.07% of contribution factor to the structure on the time of living on children with asthma and dynamic play time after school were significantly shorter in asthmatic than non-asthmatic children (p<0.05) . After 28 weeks, we could not find any significantly differences of dynamic play time between asthmatic and nonasthmatic children.
An amount of exercise in daily life from the point of view of walking step number by pedmeter were significantly less in aged 6-9 years boys and girls, and aged 10-12 years boys than non-asthmatic children (respectively, p<0.05, p<0.01) . However, after 28 weeks, we could not find any differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic children.
Forced vital capacity (FVC) and rate of forced expiratory volume on one second (% FEV_1.0) were increased after 28 weeks than the begining of swimming, and we found the strength of their breathing muscles.
On according to perform the great swimming distances (averages 220m in boys, 325m in girls), all asthmatic children became very lively and actively.

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筋ポンプが血液循環動態に及ぼす影響

西保岳, 池上晴夫

1985 年 34 巻 3 号 p. 167-175
発行日: 1985/06/01
公開日: 2010/09/30

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm1949.34.167

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of muscle pump of pedaling exercise on blood circulation. Lower body pressurization device was used to provide negative pressure and positive pressure on the lower body of subjects in recumbent position. This device is also equipped with bicycle ergometer in it. Five healthy male college students volunteered for subjects.
Whole experiment for each subject was divided into pre-control stage (0 mmHg), LBPP (lower body positive pressure) stage (+40mmHg), LBNP (lower body negative pressure) stage (-40 mmHg) and post-control stage (0 mrHg) . 50 (watt) exercise and 100 (watt) exercise preceded by resting period were loaded during each stage and following parameters were determined: ECG, phonocardiogram, carotic pulse wave, VO₂, cardiac output, and blood pressure. Pre-ejection period index (PEPi), Left ventricular ejection time index (LVETi), PEP/LVET and stroke volume (SV) were calculated from the recorded data.
Results suggested following conclusions:
1) In rest condition, LBNP caused marked increase in HR, PEPi, and PEP/LVET and remarkable decrease in Q, SV, and LVETi. These findings indicate that LBNP affects venous return and exaggerates venous pooling in lower body.
2) It was shown that muscle pump of pedaling exercise counteracts the effects of LBNP and the findings mentioned above were largely abolished by pedaling exercise of 100 (watt) .
3) LBPP caused no apparent change in the studied parameters except blood pressure. Blood pressure increased by LBPP probably because of rising in total peripheral resistance.

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長・中・短距離走者の無気的作業閾値, 酸素債および酸素摂取量の反応時間

矢野徳郎

1985 年 34 巻 3 号 p. 176-182
発行日: 1985/06/01
公開日: 2010/09/30

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm1949.34.176

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Subjects were long distance runners (n=6), middle distance runners (n=6), and sprinters (n=4) . They exercised in incremental exercise and steady state exercise. The anaerobic thershold (AT), O₂deficit at AT (AT-O₂df), and time constant of Vo₂ (τ) which were obtained from these exercise tests were compared among three groups of runners, and the interrelationship of three parameters was elucidated. The results were as follows.
1) AT-Vo₂of long distance runners was the highest followed by the values of middle distance runners and sprinters, successively. The AT-Vo₂per weight and per Vo₂max also decreased in the same order.
2) AT-O₂df per weight of long distance runners was as high as that of middle distance runners, and was significantly higher than that of sprinters.
3) τ of long distance runners was shorter than that of middle distance runners, but was not significantly shorter than that of sprinters. τ of long distance runners was shorter than the reported one of untrained people.
4) ΔAT-Vo₂ (difference between AT-Vo₂and Vo₂at rest) related to neither AT-O₂df nor τ. However, the ratio of AT-O₂df/τ significantly related to the ΔAT-Vo₂ (r=0.795, n=16, p<0.001) . From these results, the highest values of AT-Vo₂obtained in long distance runners would be due to both high AT-O₂df and short τ.

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激しい運動ならびに運動処方による運動負荷と不整脈の発生について

佐藤恒久, 倉田まゆ子, 石田尚志, 江橋博, 寺尾保

1985 年 34 巻 3 号 p. 183-193
発行日: 1985/06/01
公開日: 2010/09/30

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm1949.34.183

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長距離レースを想定した速度で, 全力走トレーニングを17日間連日実施した1名と, 運動強度: 2/3VO₂max (150m/min, 勾配+3度) のトレッドミル20分走を10年間連日実施した1名の, 健康な男性非鍛練者の経時的心電図を解析した.その結果前者では, 運動開始後21日目には, 心室内変行伝導を伴った上室性期外収縮が頻発した.23日目には, 上室性期外収縮とともに, 洞性不整脈もみられた.44日目には, 洞性徐脈と心室内変行伝導を伴った上室性二段脈, 213日目でも, 上室性二段脈が持続した.一方後者では, 運動開始5年後初めて問入性心室性期外収縮が出現し, 9年後には心室性期外収縮の頻発を認めたが, 10年目には心室性期外収縮の散発をみるに過ぎなかった.すなわち, 過激な運動では, 短期間の運動でも長期にわたって病的不整脈が観察されたのに対し, 適度な運動では, 長期にわたる負荷でも治療を要する不整脈は全くみられなかった.

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第13回日本体力医学会四国地方会

1985 年 34 巻 3 号 p. 194-199
発行日: 1985/06/01
公開日: 2010/09/30

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm1949.34.194

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