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Volume 37 (1988)
- Issue 6 Pages 427-
- Issue 5 Pages 345-
- Issue 4 Pages 283-
- Issue 3 Pages 225-
- Issue 2 Pages 111-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 37, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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—BODY WEIGHT CONTROL AND NUTRITION MANAGEMENT—TAKEO HASHIGUCHI, YOSHIO MOROTOMI, TADAYOSHI SAKURAI1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 283-295
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBody condition and nutritional intake of female competitive gymnasts (four athletes who participated in Universiade championships and seven athletes who passed preliminary trials for World championships) were investigated during intensive training camp, where they improved their technical skill of gymnastics and regulated their body weight through body training and dietary intake.
The results are summarized as follows;
1) Daily energy intake, protein intake (per 1 kg of body weight) and iron intake during training camp of Universiade and World athletes were 1, 566±292 kcal (mean±standard deviation), 1.29±0.08 g/kg, 6.6±1.6 mg, 1, 367±267 kcal, 1.24±0.19 g/kg, 6.6±1.4 mg respectively on the average. Each intake of them was low during training camp.
2) The lower their daily energy intake, the more their body weight decreased. High correlation between energy insufficient (needed energy minus intaked energy) per 1 kg of body weight and body weight losses was observed. And also, high correlation between decrease of body weight and proportion of energy intake per basal metabolism was observed.
3) Changes in body composition during the first training camp were detected; decrease of their body weight, body fats and lean body masses. Compared with the second training camp, the amount of body fats decreased, while the amount of lean body masses increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (1599K) -
SHUICHI MIYATANI, TOYOKO OKUDA, HIDEO KOISHI1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 296-302
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBasal metabolic rate (BMR) of 15 healthy male adult Papua New Guinea highlanders who live on a sweet-potato staple diet were examined by the indirect energy metabolims measuring method from October to December in both 1980 and 1982.
In experment 1, 5 subjects followed a rice diet (RD) for 13 days and then switched to a low-protein rice diet (LPRD) for another 13 days. Mean RMR in the last 2-3 days of each diet period was 22.1±2.7 and 21.2±1.4 kcal/kg body weight/day (35.1±4.1 and 33.6±2.6 kcal/m2/hr), respectively.
In experiment 2, 5 subjects followed a sweet-potato diet (S-PD) for 14 days and then switched to a low-protein sweet-potato diet (LPS-PD) for another 14 days. Mean BMR in the last 2-3 days of each diet period was 21.2±1.9 and 22.1±1.6 kcal/kg body weight/day (32.3±2.3 and 33.3±2.2 kcal/m2/hr), respectively.
In experiment 3, 5 subjects were fed with a protein-free diet (PFD) for 11 days. Mean BMR in the last 2-3 days of this period was 25.3±2.2 kcal/kg body weight/day (38.3±4.0 kcal/m2/hr).
Mean BMR measured within 2-3 days following the start of each of experiments 1, 2 and 3 was 24.7±2.3 kcal/kg body weight/day (38.0±3.3 kcal/m2/hr) in all subjects (15 persons) . We considered this value to be their usual BMR (control) .
The subjects apparently followed a diet of similar content to the sweet-potato diet before the start of this experiment, but mean BMR of the S-PD group was significantly lower than the control value.
On the oter hand, mean BMR of the RD and PFD groups, having a higher protein intake than obtained from their usual diet, was similar to the control value. We thought from the above results that protein intake levels do not influence BMR, although no clear explanation could be found for the results.
In addition, we found that the Papua New Guinea highlanders showed high respiratory quotients (0.91-0.99) under such BMR measurement conditions, and we discussed this finding.View full abstractDownload PDF (900K) -
KENZO KOYAMA, NORIKO OMICHI, HIROSHI KOGAWA, MASANA NAKAI, EIJI GOTO1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 303-307
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMale mice of dd-strain, at 3 weeks of age were used at the start of the exercise training. The exercise training continued successively throughout the 3 to 7 weeks of age. The trained group was divided groups ; namely, light-, middle- and heavy-trained groups, which were exercised on a treadmill. The treadmill exercise program for light-, middle- and heavy-trained groups consisted of running at speeds of 6 m/min, 10 m/min and running up a 10% grade at a speed of 12 m/min for 10 min 5 times a week, respectively. The untrained group was used as control under normal laboratory condition. The skin and Achilles tendon of the four groups were sampled and their collagen content were examined by means of concentration of hydroxyproline. The collagen content in the skin of growing mice did not recognize significant difference among the four groups. On the other hand, the collagen content in the Achilles tendon of growing mice clearly recognized significant difference between the middle-trained and untrained groups and/or between the middle-trained and light-trained groups. However, middle-exercise training reduced the accumulation of collagen in the Achilles tendon of grow. ing mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (508K) -
HIROAKI TAKEKURA, TOSHITADA YOSHIOKA1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 308-316
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of different types of running trainings (sprint or endurance) on the glycolytic (lactate dehydrogenase : LDH, phosphofructokinase : PFK and pyruvate kinase : PK) and oxidative (succinate dehydrogenase : SDH and malate dehydrogenase : MDH) enzymes activities and on the mitochondrial contents in single muscle fiber of different types (slow-twitch oxidative : SO, fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic : FOG and fast-twitch glycolytic : FG) were studied employing biochemical and electron microscopic techniques. Male Wistar strain rats were trained by treadmill 5 days/week beginning the age of 3 weeks old for 16 weeks. Single muscle fibers were dissected from soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles, and typed histochemically into SO, FOG and FG fibers. The remaining parts of the single muscle fiber were used for biochemical and electron microscopic analyses. Glycolytic enzymes activities were increased in FG and FOG fibers following sprint training. Oxidative enzymes activities were increased in all types of fiber following both trainings. Mitochondrial contents in single muscle fiber were increased in FOG fiber following sprint training and in SO fiber following endurance training. These results suggest that the increase of glycolytic enzymes activity following sprint training were depended on the the fast-type fiber specifically and that of oxidative enzymes activity were depended on all types of fiber in whole muscle. It seems that the increase of oxidative enzymes activity following exercise training alone was not only depended on the increase of mitochondrial contents in skeletal muscle fiber.View full abstractDownload PDF (1215K) -
TAKASHI ABE, KOTARO TOMITA, TERUFUMI SAKAMOTO, TOSHIO ASAMI, TOKUHIKO ...1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 317-322
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of voluntary exercise on resting systolic blood pressure and vascular lesions of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (stroke-prone SHR) were investigated with and without 1 % saline loading. Forty male stroke-prone SHR aged 7 weeks were assigned to one of 4 experimental groups. Each consisted 10 animals ; sedentary control (S), sedentary with 1 % saline loading (SS), exercised control (E), and exercised with 1 % saline loading (ES) . Animals were sacrificed at the 5 th week. In the prehypertensive phase, resting caudal arterial systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the E group than in the S group. However, after being loaded with 1 % saline, the ES group showed higher resting systolic blood pressure than those of the SS group. In addition, the ES group revealed severer renal, myocardial, and cerebrovascular lesions than those of the rest of the groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
—COMPARISON OF THE LAST FIVE YEARS—HISAKAZU KOMAYA, ETSUO FUJIMAKI, KEIZO SAKAMOTO, SETSURO KURIYAMA, TAD ...1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 323-332
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis time the statistics for injuries and disorders due to sports in the five-year period up to 1985 were taken, evaluated and compared with those of the last five-year period. The following results were obtained :
1. There were 1, 300 cases of injuries and disorders due to sports in the five-year period up to 1985, which was 4.4% of the total number of outpatients in the department of orthopaedics.
2. Sex : There were more male patients, but the rate of female patients has been increasing lately.
3. Age : Patients in their teens or twenties accounted for about 70%.
4. Body Side : There was no significant difference between incidence of injury on the right side of body or the left, but cases of injuries on both sides have been increasing recently.
5. Kind of Sport : The largest number of trauma were due to skiing, although the number of trauma resulting from playing tennis has been high in the past five-years of investigation.
6. Time of Injury ; Most patients were injured during practice, followed by recreation and game.
7. Position of Truma : Most cases were injuries to their knee joints from skiing.View full abstractDownload PDF (815K) -
1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 333-343
Published: August 01, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1423K)
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