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Volume 47 (1998)
- Issue 6 Pages 659-
- Issue 5 Pages 473-
- Issue 4 Pages 393-
- Issue 3 Pages 271-
- Issue 2 Pages 165-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 47, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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TOMOMI SHIOZAKI, YUTAKA KANO, SHIGEYUKI WATANABE, RYUICHI AJISAKA, MAS ...1998 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 393-400
Published: August 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to study noninvasively the effects of aging on changes in muscle oxygenation during steady bicycle exercise. For the study, 6 healthy young males and 13 healthy elderly male volunteers were recruited. To evaluate the physical fitness level and to determine exercise intensity, the ventilatory threshold (VT) was first measured. As a result, elderly subjects were divided into two groups according to O2 uptake at VT (Elderly-H ; 936.0±26.4, Elderly-L ; 695.3±29.9, Young ; 790.0±51.19 ml) . Secondly we measured muscle oxygenation by NIRS at rest and during exercise at relative work intensities of VT ; 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. In all cases muscle oxygenation at rest and during exercise was expressed as a relative value from 100% oxygenation (oxygen capacity) established by thigh occlusion (ischemia) . All subjects showed progressive deoxygenation with increasing intensity. There were no differences between the three groups in muscle oxygenation during exercise at relative work intensity of VT. These data suggest that aging and physical fitness level have no effect on muscle oxygenation below relative work intensity of VT.View full abstractDownload PDF (967K) -
MISAKA KIMURA, YASUKO OKAYAMA, YASUHITO TANAKA, MASAHIRO KANEKO1998 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 401-410
Published: August 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo develop a simple test of endurance capacity in the elderly, we evaluated the reliability and validity of the shuttle stamina walk test (SSTw), in which the running in the shuttle stamina test (SST : 3-minute shuttle running along a 10-meter course) was changed to walking.
We found that: 1) The walking distance in the SSTw was correlated with Vo2max (r=0.827), 2) the walking distance showed a correlation between the first test and a re-test (r=0.853), 3) the mean peak heart rate during the test was 86.3% of the estimated maximum heart rate with no difference according to age or sex, 4) subjective evaluation of the intensity of exercise was expressed as“fairly light”or“somewhat hard”by 73.7% of the subjects, 5) the results of the SSTw reflected the subjects' self-evaluation of endurance capacity, and 6) the age-related percentage reduction of the walking distance in the SSTw was similar to that in V2max in subjects aged 40 years and above.
These results suggest that the SSTw, a simple test of endurance capacity that can be performed safely over a wide range of middle-aged to elderly people including those in late old age and those with a low fitness level, has sufficient reliability and validity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1176K) -
TOSHIRO SATO, TOMOHIKO MURASE, YOSHIKI KOBAYASHI1998 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 411-420
Published: August 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study determined the relationship between health and physical fitness, and the contribution of each element in physical fitness to health for middle-aged and elderly women. A total of 1, 220 females aged 35 to 64 years participated in physical fitness tests and medical check ups. According to health status, the subjects were divided into two groups ; the healthy group (HG) and the unhealthy group (UG) . Multiple discriminant analysis was applied to the multivariate data. Correct discriminant probabilities of multiple discriminant functions to discriminate the HG and UG ranged from 63.9 to 83.3% among 6 age groups. These results suggested that there was a relatively strong relationship between health status and the level of physical fitness for middle-aged and elderly women. The change in correct discriminant probabilities indicated that degree of relationship would decrease stepwise with age. The contribution of each element of physical fitness to health status was also evaluated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Age-related changes in the correlation coefficients between the discriminant score representing health status and performance on each physical fitness test demonstrated four different patterns. Therefore, special consideration should be given to the degree of contribution of each physical fitness element at each age level when developing exercise programs to promote health among middle-aged and elderly women.View full abstractDownload PDF (1221K) -
TAKATOSHI INOUE, YOUNG-BUM KIM, RIEKO NAKAJIMA, TOYOKO SEKINE, KUMPEI ...1998 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 421-426
Published: August 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was conducted to examine whether gene expression of the insulin signaling pathway is activated in response to a single bout of exercise. Adult male rats underwent a single bout of treadmill exercise for 90 min at 22 m/min on a 6°C incline. The animals were sacrificed immediately after exercise or after a predetermined post-exercise recovery period of up to 48 h, and the level of mRNA in the gastrocnemius muscle was measured by the RT-PCR method. Immediately after exercise, mRNA levels of insulin signal transduction intermediates in the gastrocnemius muscle were lower in the exercise group than in the controls. Following this tendency reduction, mRNA levels of insulin receptor, IRS-1, PI 3-kinase, SH-PTP2 and Nck were higher in the exercise group than in the controls. The levels of PI 3-kinase mRNA was significantly higher in the exercise group than in the controls within 6 h after exercise, while levels of mRNA for insulin receptor, IRS-1, SH-PTP2 and Nck were significantly higher in the the exercise group than in the controls at 48 h after exercise. Gene expression of oncogenes was also affected by a single bout of exercise. Levels of c-fos and c-myc mRNA were significantly higher than in the controls immediately after exercise, while the level of c-jun mRNA was lower in the exercise group at 3 h after exercise. Thus, a single bout of exercise affects the gene expression of insulin signal transduction pathway intermediates and oncogenes in rat gastrocnemius muscle. The present findings suggest that an exercise-induced adaptive increase of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity is a cumulative effect of a single bout of exercise on the gene expression of insulin signal transduction pathway intermediates.View full abstractDownload PDF (627K) -
MASATO SUZUKI, TOUKO SHIMIZU, NORIKO KAWABE, KATSUHIKO MACHIDA, MASAKI ...1998 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 427-441
Published: August 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of ingestion of a chilled carbohydrate and electrolyte solution on metabolic and hormonal responses and water-electrolyte balance was studied after two 5-km runs in hot outdoor conditions (Temp, 30.6-30.9°C ; humidity, 61.3-62.4%) . Eight healthy females (mean age 21.8 years) participated in : 1) a control experiment (Copt) with no fluid intake, 2) an experiment with 500 ml of tap water (WI), and 3) an experiment with 500 ml of sports beverage (SB) containing carbohydrate and electrolytes each of which were given after the 1st 5-km run, followed by a second 5-km run with an equivalent to 68.7-72.3% of VO2max. In the Cont, decreases in %ΔPV and blood glucose (BS) and increases in serum osmolality (Sosm), free fatty acid (sFFA) and plasma hormone concentrations related to regulation of the water-electrolyte balance in the body persisted after the 2 nd run. The intake of the sports beverage prevented hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis, as shown by an increase in sFFA and positive results for qualitative analysis of ketone body in the urine, and quick recovery of plasma volume following an endurance run under a hot environment. This study suggests that fluid replacement with a sports beverage containing carbohydrate and electrolytes was superior to plain water or no fluid ingestion in terms of metabolic and hormonal responses and the recovery of plasma volume and elevated rectal temperature following an endurance run under hot conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1760K) -
—A FOUR-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY—MIHO SUGIURA, HIROSHI NAGASAKI, TAKETO FURUNA, HIDEYUKI OKUZUMI1998 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 443-452
Published: August 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour-year longitudinal changes in walking ability were examined in 510 older adults in a rural community in Japan. The participants walked on an 11-m walkway at their preferred and maximum speeds, and velocity, step length, step rate, and walk ratio (step length/step rate) were measured. Physical performance, including muscle strength, balance, and manual skill, was examined concur rently. An age-related decline in all variables except for step rate was confirmed in the longitudinal as well as cross-sectional data. The longitudinal decline accelerated for participants in their seventies and over, as compared to those in their sixties. Grip strength, balance, and manual speed, measured at the baseline, predicted relative changes in walking velocity over four years. The risk of mortality and instrumental ADL decline in four years were also predicted by maximum walking velocity at the baseline. These results suggest that the walking test has discriminant and predictive validities for assessing the physical functioning of community-dwelling older adults.View full abstractDownload PDF (1168K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1998 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 453-459
Published: August 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (752K) -
1998 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 461-471
Published: August 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1328K)
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