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52 巻, 5 号
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2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 475-489
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (8489K) -
八十島 崇, 木塚 朝博, 埜口 博司, 白木 仁, 向井 直樹, 宮永 豊2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 491-498
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study is to identify the effect of position (full can, empty can) and change of angle on the activity of shoulder muscles during scapular plane abduction ; and also to examine its application to exercises used for rehabilitation of shoulder muscles. Seven healthy subjects (23.4±1.4 yr) with normal shoulder function performed scapular plane abduction with external rotation (full can) and scapular plane abduction with internal rotation (empty can) . An electromyogram was recorded with a fine wire intramuscular electrode at the supraspinatus, deltoid anterior, middle, posterior and trapezius upper with bipolar surface. The EMG activity (RMS) of each muscle was normalized by the highest EMG activity (100%RMS) during a maximum manual muscle test for each muscle (%RMS) . The %RMS of each muscle remarkably increased with a change of the angle for empty can, whereas it showed a slight increase with a change of the angle for full can. This finding suggests that the position of full can and empty can in scapular plane abduction affects the function of shoulder muscles. In addition, full can exercise is recommended in order to improve function of the supraspinatus and the muscular activity balance between the supraspinatus and the deltoid. Empty can exercise is applied to sport-specific exercise for rehabilitation of shoulder muscles.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (945K) -
岩原 文彦, 伊藤 雅充, 浅見 俊雄2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 499-511
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of active recovery between two strenuous anaerobic exercises separated by a short time interval. Eight healthy adult male volunteers (age: 24.8±1.8 yrs, height: 170.6±2.5 cm, weight : 70.1 ±2.5 kg) underwent five exercise sessions. Each session consisted of a warm-up, the first anaerobic exercise test (40 sec of exhaustive cycle ergometer exercise), a 30 min inactive (seated) or active recovery period, and a second anaerobic exercise test. During the active recovery period, subjects executed one of four different intensity pedaling tests (60, 80, 100, 120% of predetermined lactate threshold intensity) for 10 min. There were no significant differences in mean power and peak blood lactate concentration among sessions during the first anaerobic exercise test. Significant differences were found in the blood lactate concentration among sessions during the second anaerobic exercise test, and significant differences were found in mean power for the second anaerobic exercise. Optimal intensity related to the blood lactate removal rate was 83.3±7.1%LT, and that related to the working capacity recovery rate was 68.3±11.8%LT.
From these results, concerning blood lactate removal rate, it was suggested that between 80%LT and 100%LT was an effective intensity. As for performance, the effective intensity was less than 100%LT.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1420K) -
山内 知子, 山田 忠樹, MOHAMMOD MONIRUL ISLAM, 岡田 暁宜, 高橋 龍尚, 竹島 伸生2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 513-523
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of well-rounded exercise program (WREP) on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, body composition, and serum lipid concentration in a group of older outpatients. WREP was composed of programmed aerobic/ anaerobic accommodating circuit exercise (PACE) and flexibility exercises. Twenty-two volunteers (69.6±3.2 yr) were used as subjects. All participants engaged in a supervised exercise program (50 min/day and 3 days/week) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of training, there was a significant increase in VO2 corresponding to lactate threshold (13.4%) but peak V02 did not change. There were significant increases for knee extension (17.1%) and flexion (12.3%), chest pull (10.9%), low back flexion (26.6%), and shoulder press (14.6%) after training. Side stepping agility (13%), trunk flexion (129%) and trunk extension (19%) were also significantly improved. There were significant decreases in percent of body fat (-8.3%), total cholesterol (-7.1%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-9.7%) . Blood pressure also decreased in SBP (-lOmmHg) and DBP (- 5 mmHg) . The decline in SBP was significant in thirteen hypertensive patients (-14 mmHg) compared to non-hypertensive patients (- 5 mmHg) . These results indicate that WREP elicits significant improvement of overall fitness in older outpatients.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1158K) -
与那 正栄, 室 増男2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 525-532
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーThe present study examined the recruitment threshold of motor units (MUs) and the cold reflex activation of the cutaneous receptors at the first turning point (TP1) and the second turning point (TP2) of decreasing skin temperature. The skin temperatures of the biceps brachii were continuously reduced using a cooling chamber fixed at -10°C. TP1 and TP2 appeared at 25.5±0.5°C and 18.5±2.21°C, respectively. The data were collected at±1°C of TP1 and TP2 (TP1-B, TP1-A, TP2-B and TP2-A) . The MUs was collected during a slow ramp contraction for 3 sec to 20% maximal voluntary contraction (20%MVC) at the each measure points (TE) . The rates of decrease in skin temperature were 1.242±0.349°C min at slope-1 (TP1-B), 0.627±0.284°C rain at slope-2 (TP1-A and TP2-B), and 0.201±0.045°C/min at slope-3 (TP2-A) . The difference of the threshold force value (ΔTF= TE-control value) of LT-MUs were positive value, on the other hand, ΔF of HT-MUs were negative value at TP1-B, TP1-A, TP2-B and TP2-A. The changes of ΔTF of LT-MUs were a little at TP1-B, TP1-A, TP2-B, and increased markedly more at TP2-A than at TP1-B (p<0.05) . On the other hand, the ΔTF of HT-MUs decreased significantly more at TP1-B than at TP1-A and TP2-B (p<0.05), however, it did not significantly differ at TP2-A. These results suggested that the threshold force of HT-MUs depend on skin temperature and LT-MUs depend on decrease speed of skin temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (908K) -
江 依法, 長崎 幸雄, 松岡 敏男, 古田 善伯, 木村 英紀2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 533-541
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリー1) 自然直立姿勢時, 身体動揺と重心動揺の関係を検討した.
2) COPの移動はTSの動揺とダイナミックな関係を持つことが解かった.
3) このダイナミックな関係は数式で表すことが可能に成った.
4) TSによるCOPの移動を求める方法を提示した.
5) TSはヒト自然立位時の平衡能力を評価する有用な指標である.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1729K) -
山本 正嘉, 山崎 利夫2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 543-554
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study is to help preventing mountaineering accidents. We conducted a questionnaire survey of middle-aged and senior mountaineers (over forty) on a nationwide scale and obtained 3781 significant responses. Both male and female respondents were in their mid-fifties on average. In terms of frequency of mountaineering, the twice-a-month group was the largest one. Approximately 70 percent did physical exercise regularly. Most of the respondents answered that they did not get so tired while mountaineering. However, troubles and/or disabilities while mountaineering occurred in 70% of them. Among them, “ache in the knee”and “wobbly legs”were the most frequent. They seems to be the causes for tumble accidents during descent which is the most common accident in middle-aged mountaineers. According to the results of cross tabulation and chi square testing, 4 items including regular physical training, regular mountaineering, optimum range of BMI (between 21 and 23) and abundant mountaineering experience were the key factors for preventing fatigue and troubles while mountaineering. On the contrary, age and sex were less important factors. However, in the case of some respondents who exercised regularly, they felt fatigue or had troubles while mountaineering. Additionally, some respondents who were confident in their physical fitness did not seem to have enough physical fitness to prevent fatigue and troubles. As stated above, inconsistent relationships were often observed among daily physical training, fatigue and troubles while mountaineering, and confidence in physical fitness, which will be one of the cause of mountaineering accidents.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1327K) -
三田村 将史, 遠藤 隆志, 高橋 麗, 小宮山 伴与志2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 555-563
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリー1.健常成人男子11名を対象として, 自転車エルゴメータによる最大パワーが発揮可能な負荷の30% (HF課題) および80% (HP課題) の負荷で10秒間の最大努力によるペダリング運動を, 20秒の休息をおいて各最大パワーが80%以下になるまで間断的に行い, 大腿直筋 (RF) ならび外側広筋 (VL) の表面筋電図の変化ならびに経頭蓋的磁気刺激によって誘発された運動誘発電位 (MEP) の変化について検討を加えた.
2.最大発揮パワーはHF課題では運動課題の第一セットと比較して10.1±1.45セットで80.6±1.58%まで, HP課題では4.1±0.25セットで77.3±0.77%まで低下した.
3.MEP面積に関し, RFではHF課題で有意な増加が見られなかったが, HP課題では課題前半に比して課題後半では有意な増大が観察された.一方, VLではHP課題において課題中盤から後半にMEP面積は有意に増大したが, HF課題では有意な変化は見られなかった.結果として, VLではMEP面積の変化に関しHF課題とHP課題間に有意な差が観察された.
4.MEP持続時間はRFおよびVLともに10秒間のペダリング中に漸増し, さらに課題の中盤から後半にかけて有意に延長した.しかし, MEP持続時間の延長はHF課題に比してHP課題の方が有意に大きかった.
5.運動開始直後の5回転についてのEMGの積算面積とその間に増加したパワーの比 (EMG/Power比) は運動課題の進行にともなって有意に増大した.さらに, VLではEMG/Power比はHF課題に比してHP課題の方が有意に大きかった.
6.これらの結果は, ペダリング運動による間断的な最大パワー発揮の低下に中枢性疲労が関与し, この中枢性疲労はRFよりもVLで大きいことを示唆する.また, 低負荷での高回転運動課題では発揮パワーの低下に大脳皮質運動野以外の中枢性疲労が関与する可能性が考えられた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1148K) -
遠藤 隆志, 三田村 将史, 高橋 麗, 小宮山 伴与志2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 565-574
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリー1.健常成人11名を対象として, 60秒間のペダリング運動中に経頭蓋的磁気刺激 (TMS) による運動誘発電位 (MEP) を大腿直筋 (RF) および外側広筋 (VL) から誘発し, その動態を調べた.ペダリング運動の負荷は最大無酸素パワーが発揮可能な負荷の100% (HL課題) および80% (LL課題) であった.ペダル頻度は, LL課題の場合, 最大無酸素パワー発揮の最適負荷の80%における全力ペダリング頻度の50%とした.HL課題におけるペダリング頻度はLL課題での発揮パワーと等しくなるように設定した.
2.筋電図振幅値 (RMS) は両運動課題ともに課題開始後30秒以降に増加し, 特にVLではHI.課題の方がLL課題に比して有意に大きかった.
3.MEP面積は両課題ともに開始直後から増加傾向を示したが, HL課題よりLL課題の方が有意に大きかった.MEP出現後に観察されるSPはLL課題では運動課題開始直後急速に増大し, その後漸減する傾向を示したが, HL課題では増加局面は見られず漸減傾向を示した.MEP持続時間は両課題とも運動開始直後から漸増する傾向を示したが, VLではLL及びHL課題間に有意な差が見られた.
4.持続的な等尺性筋収縮時とLLおよびHL課題時に得られた背景筋電図量とMEPの相関は持続的運動時には正の有意な比例関係を示したが, LLおよびHL課題時には背景筋電図量とMEP間に有意な相関は見られなくなった.
5.これらの結果は, 発揮パワーが同一でもペダリング頻度と負荷の違いにより課題依存的に中枢性疲労の発現動態が異なること, また皮質脊髄路から筋に至る経路はペダリング運動時と静的な筋力発揮時では異なる制御を受ける可能性が示唆された.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1197K) -
露木 和夫, 木村 康雄, 亀山 友美, 二宮 健次, 渡辺 紳一, 張 光哲, 小堺 浩一, 海老根 東雄2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 575-584
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリー健常者における運動時のVO2の増加に対するHRの増加動態を指数関数で回帰分析し, その曲線の勾配 (IECOH) を心肺予備能の指標として提案した.そして, その妥当性と有用性を検討した.その結果, 以下の成績を得た.
IECOHとVO2maxとの間にr=-0.824と有意な負の相関関係があった.また, 最大下運動負荷で検出したIECOHとVO2maxとの間にもr=-0.6以上の有意な負の相関関係があった.IECOHは検出する運動負荷を40%HR reserveまで低下させても, 最大運動負荷で検出したそれと有意差がなかった.最大下運動負荷で検出したIECOHの測定精度は, 60%HR reserve以上の運動負荷強度で良好であった.IECOHは, 男女共に年齢との間に有意な相関関係が認められた (それぞれr=0.499, r=0.310) .身体トレーニングはVO2maxを有意に増加させ, IECOHを有意に減少させた.身体トレーニング前および後のVO2maxとIECOHとの間に有意な負の相関関係が認められた (r=-0.514) .
以上のことから, IECOHは最大下運動負荷で検出できる健常者の心肺予備能の指標として妥当かつ有用であると考えられた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1021K) -
鈴木 政登, 石山 育朗, 塩田 正俊, 町田 勝彦2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 585-598
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリー既存の最大酸素摂取量 (VO2max) の判定基準は軍人やスポーツ選手など十分に身体鍛錬を積んだ者を対象に設定された.しかし, 現在VO2maxは健康関連体力要素の1つとして, 幼若者から高年齢者に到るまで広く普及している.従って, それらの者に適用できるVO2max判定基準およびその臨界値が求められる.
本研究では, 8～82歳までの健康男女548名を対象に, トレッドミルによる負荷漸増運動を課し任意の最大酸素摂取量 (VO2max) を実測した.任意のVO2max値を年齢回帰させ, 年齢予測VO2max値を算出し, 実測VO2max×100/年齢予測VO2maxの式から%VO2max値を求め, その度数分布図に反復切断法を適用し, VO2max基準域 (X-1.96SD～X+1.96SD, 70%～130%VO2max) を設定した.この範囲の平均値をVO2max基準値, 下位10%に相当する値を臨界値とし, いずれも実測値に変換し5歳毎の平均値として男女別に提示した.次いで, 70%～130%VO2max範囲の生理・生化学的指標 (HRmax, DPmax, RRmax, %△PVmaxおよびbLAmax) を, %VO2max値算出法に基づき%表示した.%表示された各指標の度数分布図の下位10%に相当する値を, VO2max値として採択し得る限界値 (臨界値) とし, 実測値に変換し5歳毎の平均値として男女別に提示した.最後に70%VO2max以上の領域を占めた各被験者の値をVO2maxと認定 (男性224名, 女性283名) し, 各生理・生化学的指標の臨界値を単独または組み合わせ適用によるVO2maxの採択率を調べ, さらに簡便・容易性および信頼性の観点からVO2max判定指標およびそれらの組み合わせを吟味した.その結果, 単独適用した場合の採択率が最も高いのはHRmaxであり, 男性の臨界値92.1%, 女性の値91.0%HRmaxを適用し, それぞれ92.9%および91.2%の採択率が示された.次いで, 簡便・容易で信憑性の高い組み合わせは, HRmaxとbLAmaxの両方の臨界値を同時に満たした場合で, 男性では82.6%, 女性は80.6%の採択率であった.
本研究によって, 反復切断法と従来の判定基準適用によるVO2max値との間に有意差のないことが確認され, 反復切断法による性・年齢別VO2maxの基準値および臨界値が提示された.さらに, 簡便で信憑性の高いVO2max判定指標としてHRmaxおよびbLAmaxの臨界値が提示され, 性・年齢別臨界値の適用が奨められた.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1645K) -
江川 賢一, 種田 行男, 北畠 義典, 真家 英俊, 岩瀬 敏, 道上 大策2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 599-608
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーThis study hypothesized that gravity induced somatosensory input inhibits the spinal monosynaptic reflex circuit assessed by Hoffmann (H) reflex in man. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of graded head-out water immersion (HOWI) on soleus H-reflex during upright standing. Eleven healthy male subjects aged from 21 to 28 (mean=23.8) without sensorymotor or orthopaedic history signed an informed consent. Subjects maintained an upright standing position without visual input and any background activities in soleus and tibialis anterior. H-reflex was elicited by constant current stimulation at popliteal fossa. The recruitment curve for H-reflex and motor (M) response was measured under the static tilt condition (from supine to standing) and the graded HOWI condition (the control condition, the navel condition, the neck condition, and post immersion condition) in that order. Under the HOWI condition, the water (34 degrees Celsius) was filled in a minute. No change in H- and M-wave form was observed. The amplitude of test reflex at 1.05 times motor threshold significantly decreased in the standing condition compared with the supine condition (P<0.01) . Furthermore, significant change was observed in the HOWI condition (P<0.01) . A contrast test reveled a significant increase in the navel condition (P=0.03) and the neck condition (P<0.01) compared with the control condition. The results showed that graded HOWI enhances soleus H-reflex during upright standing. It was suggested that gravity-induced somatosensory input from mechanoreceptors in the soles and joints inhibits the spinal H-reflex circuit and plays an important role for the static postural control mechanism in man.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1169K) -
SHIN YOSHIHARA, YASUTAKA KOBAYASHI, TOSHITADA YOSHIOKA, TATSUO AKEMA2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 609-619
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーThe circadian rhythm of heart rate is well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the relation between heart rate and oxygen uptake during a graded exercise testing with and without previous exercise. Eight healthy male students, aged 18 to 21 years, performed the graded sub-maximal exercise two times using a treadmill, after walking on a treadmill at a speed of 60 m/min for a total of 4 hours (2 hours in the morning, 2 hours in the afternoon) and without previous prolonged walking. The apparent resting heart rate after one hour of walking in the afternoon (82.3±9.1 beats mm) was higher than in the morning (71.3±5.8 beats/min), and this phenomenon was observed continuously exercise heart rate at the end of 2 hours of walking (afternoon : 96.4±5.4, morning: 87.2±7.3 beats min) . On the other hand, the oxygen uptake during exercise did not alter at the end of walking (afternoon: 622±85, morning: 600±133 ml/min) . This walking intensity ranged from 17.1 to 26.6, with a mean of 20.5 percent of maximal oxygen uptake. The pre-exercise resting heart rate before the exercise testing altered from -4.8 to 13.1 beats/min with and without the presence of walking. The observed individual regression line between heart rate and oxygen uptake from the testing shifted along with the altered resting heart rate. Therefore, the calculated individual new regression lines with and without walking between net heart rate, excluding pre-exercise rest, and oxygen uptake were approximate to a constant line. It was concluded that the exercise energy expenditure could be calculated accurately (-2 to 7 % of errors) using net heart rate, as compared with overestimations of the actual energy cost using the higher resting heart rate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1075K) -
田中 ひかる, 淵本 隆文, 木村 みさか, 金子 公宥2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 621-630
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーIn the context of energetics related to a pendular model, the mechanical power (W) and ‘pendular motion efficiency’ (PME) were determined during walking of the subjects who consist of 37 healthy elderly women (65-85 years) and 21 young women (18-25 years) . Using a force plate, the potential and kinetic energies of the body's centre of mass were measured at various constant speeds. Walking speeds were selected and controlled by a newly devised pace-maker. PME, which is equivalent to ‘% recovery’ by Cavagna (1976), indicates a sort of efficiency in transforming potential energy into kinetic energy and vice versa. The external power to accelerate the body (Wext ), which is thought to be supplied by muscles, increased with walking speed, and the rate of increase in Wext tended to be greater in the elderly than in the young subjects. It was noted that the maximal PME values at the optimum speed in both age groups were comparable, but PME values in the elderly decreased more markedly than in the young subjects as walking speed deviated from the optimum. This fact suggests that an adaptability to different walking speeds reduced in the elderly population.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2424K) -
中西 美恵子, 石井 好二郎, 渡辺 彩子, 杉浦 克己, 梶原 洋子, 小林 寛道2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 631-638
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーRecently, supplements for athletes are being increasingly used. To clarify the current status of supplement intake, we conducted a survey in female university long-distance runners.
An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted in runners who participated in the 18th Japan Inter-University Women's EKIDEN Championship, We investigated 99 respondents.
The survey showed that 86 runners (87%) took supplements. Iron was most frequently taken (68 runners, 69%) . The common purpose was to reduce fatigue (amino acids, vitamin C) and prevent ane mia (iron) . However, some supplements were taken after their effects were realized, while others were taken without an effect. In some cases, the purpose was not consistent with the effects. Most runners (73%) purchased supplements in shops stores. Fifty percent of them took supplements for supplementation of nutrients deficient in diets. More than 50% of the runners obtained information on nutrition from their coaches.
Furthermore, most runners began to take supplements when they were senior (55 runners, 56%) or junior (31 runners, 31%) high school students. About 70% of them have taken iron. In the highest percentage of them, their coaches recommended the use of supplements.
The results of this survey showed that most female university long-distance runners took supplements, and that a high proportion of them began to take them when they were senior or junior high school students, suggesting the widespread use of supplements among young athletes. In addition, their instructors markedly influenced the runner's nutritional outlook, by being the source of information on nutrition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (788K) -
横内 樹里, 安藤 大輔, 小野 悠介, 尾崎 芳雅, 浅川 和美, 北川 淳, 中原 凱文, 小山 勝弘2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 639-646
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of anthropometric measures, including body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), and lean body mass (LBM), on quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters of calcaneus in 358 Japanese university women. Ultrasonic bone densitometer (Achilles, Lunar corp.) was utilized to measure broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS), and stiffness index (SI) of the right calcaneus. The average of SI in this study showed a slight lower value (84, 3±12.1, mean±SD) compared with that in age-matched university women as previously reported. The contradictive finding may suggest the need for a large-scale further investigation on SI in young women. Correlation analysis revealed that both BUA and SI are significantly correlated with all anthropometric measures. However SOS had only weak correlation with LBM. In consideration of the high colinearities of body weight and BMI with FM and LBM, the multiple liner regression analysis was conducted with BUA, SOS, and SI as dependent variables. Body height, FM, and LBM were then entered to a forward stepwise regression model. The analysis proved that the significant predictor of BUA, SOS, and SI is LBM. It also suggested BUA to be stronger correlated with LBM than the other QUS parameters, SOS and SI. In conclusion, our re sults support the view that QUS parameters appear to be influenced by anthropometric measures, especially by LBM in Japanese university women. It is conceivable that an increase in skeletal mus cle mass chiefly induced by physical exercise contributes to the improvement of bone mass as measured by QUS in young women.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1058K) -
2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 647-659
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2068K) -
2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 660-670
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1647K) -
2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 671-677
発行日: 2003/10/01
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1120K) -
2003 年 52 巻 5 号 p. e1
発行日: 2003年
公開日: 2010/09/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (33K)
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