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Volume 59 (2010)
- Issue 6 Pages 591-
- Issue 5 Pages 457-
- Issue 4 Pages 337-
- Issue 3 Pages 259-
- Issue 2 Pages 191-
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Volume 59, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Review
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TAKEO NAKAYAMA2010 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 259-268
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEBM is the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. EBM has been extending to “evidence-based healthcare/practice” with wider perspectives. When considering healthcare-related evidence, it is useful to distinguish three aspects. Namely, they are “create”, “communicate”and “utilize”. At first, “clinical questions” are generated in real clinical settings. To create clinical evidence, “clinical questions” need to be refined as “research questions”. Concerning the aspect of communication, there are lots of proposals and statements to improve the reporting of research findings. The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals proposed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors has been evolved since 1979 and has become the global standard for scientific authors and editors. Concerning the aspect of “utilize”, there are two problems, that is, overuse and underuse of evidence. The former is related with the problem of evidence-practice gap. Appropriate use of clinical practice guidelines are expected to reduce these gaps. The latter is linked with the confusion that evidence equals EBM. Evidence is merely evidence even if the level is high in scientific and general meaning. When clinicians make individual decisions, they are required to do them comprehensively balancing the three factors such as evidence, value and resource.View full abstractDownload PDF (183K)
Original
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MASAKI HORIE, AYANO NAKA, KEN MATSUMOTO, KAORUKO IIDA2010 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 269-280
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSErythropoietin (EPO) promotes red blood cell production thereby raising oxygen transport ability. Epo gene expression is positively controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) through the HIF binding site in an Epo gene enhancer; and negatively controlled by GATA, which binds to the GATA site in the Epo gene promoter. Drugs that activate HIF (FG-2216) or inhibit GATA (K-11706) increase the production of EPO. Therefore, these drugs might be illicitly used to improve performance in sports as new doping practices. To develop a system for detecting such a doping strategy, we performed DNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR to compare the effects of FG-2216*, the derivative of FG-2216, and K-11706, on gene expression with that of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) or hypoxia in mice. Gene expression analysis in bone marrow cells showed increased expression of Lactoperoxidase (Lpo) only in the mice treated with K-11706, and decreased expression of Oncostatin M (Osm) with FG-2216* or hypoxia, but not with K-11706. Results to date suggest that gene expression changes observed in using these drugs have the potential to yield novel biomarkers in a detection system for new illicit drug use.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
MASAHIRO SATO, YOSHINORI KAGAYA, NOBORU SEKIYA2010 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 281-290
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to determine if there were any reliable predictors for achieving jogging requirements after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We analyzed associations among variables collected from 128 subjects at 12 weeks postoperatively, including jogging parameters (i.e. pain, apprehension, speed, and distance), the isokinetic muscle strength of the leg extensors, the knee stability, and patient's profiles (i.e. age, sex, activity level, body mass index (BMI), meniscectomy, and cartilage injury).
Jogging parameters were significantly correlated with the isokinetic muscle strength of leg extensors, but not with the knee stability. With the jogging ability of achieving a distance of 2000m at a velicity of 9km/h being an objective variable, a logistic regression analysis revealed that the isokinetic muscle strength of leg extensors and BMI were considered relevant. Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and a contingency table, the cut-off values of the isokinetic muscle strength of leg extensors to the uninvolved side and body weight were 85% and 1.9Nm/kg, respectively, whose sensitivity and specificity were 0.90 and 0.82, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that the isokinetic muscle strength of leg extensors is a reliable predictor for projecting the timing to start jogging after ACL reconstruction.View full abstractDownload PDF (230K) -
KIYOSHI SANADA, MOTOHIKO MIYACHI, KENTA YAMAMOTO, HARUKA MURAKAMI, MIC ...2010 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 291-302
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to develop prediction models of sarcopenia in 1,894 Japanese men and women aged 18-85 years. Reference values for sarcopenia (skeletal muscle index, SMI; appendicular muscle mass/height2, kg/m2) in each sex were defined as values two standard deviations (2SD) below the gender-specific means of this study reference data for young adults aged 18-40 years. Reference values for predisposition to sarcopenia (PSa) in each gender were also defined as values one standard deviations (1SD) below. The subjects aged 41 years or older were randomly separated into 2 groups, a model development group and a validation group. Appendicular muscle mass was measured by DXA. The reference values of sarcopenia were 6.87 kg/m2 and 5.46 kg/m2, and those of PSa were 7.77 kg/m2 and 6.12 kg/m2. The subjects with sarcopenia and PSa aged 41 years or older were 1.7% and 28.8% in men and 2.7% and 20.7% in women. The whole body bone mineral density of PSa was significantly lower than in normal subjects. The handgrip strength of PSa was significantly lower than in normal subjects. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and age were independently associated with SMI in men; and BMI, handgrip strength and waist circumference were independently associated with SMI in women. The SMI prediction equations were applied to the validation group, and strong correlations were also observed between the DXA-measured and predicted SMI in men and women. This study proposed the reference values of sarcopenia in Japanese men and women. The prediction models of SMI using anthropometric measurement are valid for alternative DXA-measured SMI in Japanese adults.View full abstractDownload PDF (2325K) -
TOSHINORI YOSHIHARA, TAKAO SUGIURA, TSUBASA SIBAGUCHI, YUKI YAMAMOTO, ...2010 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 303-312
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combination of a heat stress and astaxanthin supplementation, known as a potent anti-oxidative nutrient, on muscle protein degradation and disuse muscle atrophy. Fifty-two male Wistar rats (261.7±1.17 g) were divided into five groups: control (Cont, n=10), suspension (Sus, n=11), heat stress and suspension (Heat, n=10), astaxanthin and suspension (Ax, n=10), and heat stress, astaxanthin and suspension (H+A, n=11). There were no significant differences in Cu,Zn-SOD, cathepsin L and caspase-3 levels among the Heat, Ax and H+A groups in the soleus and plantaris muscles. Although levels of calpain 2 and ubiquitinated protein in the myofibrillar fraction in the soleus muscle were not significantly different among the Heat, Ax and H+A groups, levels in the H+A group were significantly (p<0.05) lower than Sus. Concerning atrophied plantaris muscles, the H+A group significantly (p<0.05) suppressed the expression of calpain 1 in the myofibrillar fraction, but there were no marked changes of proteolytic indexes. These data indicate that the combination of the heat stress and astaxanthin supplementation could be effective in inhibiting muscle protein degradation in disuse atrophy of the soleus.View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
JI-YEONG YOON, TOMOHIRO OKURA, KENJI TSUNODA, TAISHI TSUJI, YOSHIE KOH ...2010 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 313-322
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and physical performance in Japanese older adults. Ninety four older adults, aged 65 to 87 years (mean age 71.9±5.3 years), were recruited as participants. Cognitive function was evaluated by Five-cognitive Function Test (FCFT). The FCFT, which was developed specially for Japanese older adults, consists of 5 subscale elements: attention, verbal memory, visuospatial cognition, word fluency, and associate learning. Hand dexterity (3 items), muscle strength (2 items), balance (3 items), flexibility (2 items), walking ability (2 items) and reaction ability (2 items) were defined as lifestyle-related physical performances. After adjusting for age, educational level and systolic blood pressure the FCFT score was significantly correlated with observed data of hand dexterity (hand working with a peg board, r=0.485, p<0.001), lower-extremity muscle strength (5-repetition sit-to-stand, r=-0.231, p<0.05), walking ability (5-m habitual walk, r=-0.225, p<0.05; timed up and go r=-0.304, p<0.01), and reaction ability (simple reaction time, r=-0.415, p<0.001; 4-way choice reaction time, r=-0.401, p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the FCFT score was explained by the hand working with a peg board (F=42.36, p<0.001) and 4-way choice reaction time (F=29.62, p<0.01). The contribution rate on this model was 42%. These results suggest that cognitive functions were associated with some physical performance. Especially, hand dexterity (hand working with a peg board) and reaction ability (4-way choice reaction time) may be the useful synthetic indicators of cognitive functions in Japanese older adults.View full abstractDownload PDF (221K) -
HIDEHIKO SUDO, KAZUHIRO HARADA, KOICHIRO OKA, YOSHIO NAKAMURA2010 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 323-332
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to explore patterns of lifestyle walking behavior among Japanese adults aged 30-49 and to identify their sociodemographic characteristics.
A sample of 5,009 was collected from registrants of a social research company. The study was a cross-sectional survey using the Internet. Measured variables were walking behavior in five domains (commuting, working, shopping, exercising and other movement) and sociodemographic characteristics. Hierarchical cluster analysis was utilized to identify walking patterns.
Four walking behavior clusters were identified: cluster 1 (N=1,089) walking while commuting, working and shopping; cluster 2 (N=381) walking while commuting; cluster 3 (N=1,257) walking for exercise; cluster 4 (N=1,161) walking while shopping. Cluster 1 had the highest proportion of walkers who met physical activity recommendations. Also it had a high proportion of women who were unmarried, employed, without children, or finished university or graduate school. Cluster 2 showed a high proportion of men who were married, with children, with high household income, or finished university or graduate school, and women who were married, employed, without children, with high household income, or finished university or graduate school. Cluster 3 had a high proportion of women aged 40-49. Cluster 4 showed a low proportion of men with high household income and a high proportion of women who were married, unemployed, or with children.
This study indicated that walking behavior patterns in both genders was different depending on marital status, number of children, educational level and household income. In addition, the employment status of women had apparent effects on these patterns.View full abstractDownload PDF (237K)
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2010 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 333-335
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (77K)
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