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59 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1～12を表示しています
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総説
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田中 喜代次, 重松 良祐2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 457-464
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーOver the past two decades, a strong movement toward objective research (i.e., evidence-based medicine) has emerged in the fields of exercise science and physical education. It is now well-recognized that randomized, controlled trials (RCTs), when appropriately designed, represent the gold standard in medical studies and are usually considered of greatest evidentiary value for assessing the efficacy of interventions. RCTs are particularly effective for evaluation of drugs, devices, and procedures. In order to improve quality of reporting of RCTs, the consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) statement was developed in 1996 and use of the CONSORT statement has improved the reporting quality of RCTs over the past several years. However, RCTs are often not practical or not ethical for evaluating many public health interventions. Having a control group (no exercise, no diet, and/or no lifestyle modification) in intervention-based studies using unhealthy humans is definitely undesirable. There are viable options that should be used. For example, a trial having three groups (e.g., 1-day per week exercise group, 3-day per week exercise group, and 5-day per week exercise group) would be of more value for people with lifestyle-related diseases than having one group that does nothing. With these in mind, a paradigm shift in terms of designing health-related intervention studies for the fields of exercise science and physical education is proposed in this article.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (144K)
原著
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松田 有司, 山田 陽介, 赤井 聡文, 生田 泰志, 野村 照夫, 小田 伸午2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 465-474
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーThe purposes of this study were as follows: 1) to classify competitive swimmers on the basis of their stroke rate (SR) and stroke length (SL) by applying a factor analysis and a cluster analysis, 2) to derive discriminant functions by applying a multiple discriminant analysis of the stroke characteristics, and 3) to compare the race patterns of groups classified according to the results of the cluster analysis. 94 male swimmers who had participated in 100-m freestyle events held at the All Japan Swimming Championship from 2000 to 2004 were selected as subjects. The average value of their swimming velocity, SR, and SL in four swimming phases (15-25 m, 25-45 m, 57.5-75 m, and 75-95 m) were measured from videos captured. The subjects were classified according to their SR and SL by applying a factor analysis and a cluster analysis. Results showed that the competitive swimmers could be classified into Type1-4. Type1 showed high values of SR throughout the race, Type2 showed high values of SR in the first half and high values of SL in the second half, Type3 showed high values of SL in the first half and high values of SR in the second half, and Type4 showed high values of SL throughout the race. Although there was no difference in swimming records among the four groups, each group had different race patterns. These results suggest that the knowledge of race patterns might be useful to swimmers or coaches for planning race strategies.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (290K) -
小久保 友貴, 川野 因, 森 佳子, 長谷川 祐子, 目加田 優子, 石崎 朔子2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 475-484
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーThe present study aimed to investigate how nutritional status affected iron status, and how this knowledge might be used to prevent anemia in rhythmic gymnasts prior to a competition. We divided twenty-one subjects according to their iron status in just prior to competition into either an iron-deficiency group (n=12) and a non-iron-deficiency group (n=9), the latter of which represented the normal group. Iron-deficiency group was defined as a hemoglobin concentration below 12g/dl, a ferritin level below 12ng/ml and/or a transferrin saturation ratio under 16%. Physical, hematological, and nutritional assessments were made using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, once at 2 months before a competition, and once more just prior to the competition (‘pre-competition’).
1) The iron-deficiency group had significantly lower body weight, body mass index and body fat at pre-competition compared to 2 months before the competition.
2) Compared to the normal group, the iron-deficiency group had significantly lower serum iron and haptoglobin concentrations at the pre-competition.
3) Intakes of energy, protein, iron, and vitamin C at the pre-competition were 1965±340kcal, 68.0±14.0g, 11.2±3.2mg, and 76±30mg in the normal group, and 1620±456kcal, 53.8±18.0g, 11.6±4.1mg, and 75±29mg in the iron-deficiency group, respectively. There was no significant difference in intakes of energy, protein, iron, and vitamin C between the groups, respectively.
4) Pre-competition protein intakes per body weight (BW) were 1.46±0.33g and 1.08±0.31g in the normal group and the iron-deficiency group, respectively. Those levels were significantly lower in the iron-deficiency group than those in the normal group.
5) Pre-competition protein energy ratio (13.9±1.6%) and animal protein ratio (56.0±6.7%) of the normal group were significantly higher than those measured 2 months before the competition. Conversely, those ratios remained constant for 2 months in the iron-deficiency group.
6) Changes in the protein energy ratio and/or the animal protein ratio between the pre-competition and the 2 months before were significantly correlated with the pre-competition Hb levels.
We conclude that the pre-competition iron status is closely associated with protein intakes in female collegiate rhythmic gymnasts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (345K) -
小笠原 一生, 宮川 俊平, 朴 時英2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 485-494
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to increase knowledge about the landing posture that induces anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Analysis was done to determine the knee abduction moment during single limb landing using our previously proposed mathematical model. Our model has proven that the criterion of knee abduction occurring is when the acting line of the ground reaction force is directed laterally to the lower leg segment. Based on this, we predicted a medial shift of the knee joint and a lateral leaning of the trunk segment to induce the knee abduction moment. To verify the results of our model prediction, we conducted a motion analysis experiment with a single limb-landing task. Three male and four female subjects participated in the experiment. Subjects were instructed to fall from a 30 cm high box and land on a target which was assigned by PC-controlled laser pointers. Since the landing target was unexpectedly moved during landing, the subjects were perturbed and exhibited various landing postures. The results of the landing experiment showed that trunk leaning laterally towards the landing limb and medially shifted knee alignment induced the knee abduction moment. These results are consistent with the results predicted by our model. In conclusion, appropriate control of both lower limb alignment and trunk motion in the frontal plane in essential for reducing the risk of ACL injury.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1008K) -
JINKEE PARK, YOSHIO NAKAMURA, YOOCHAN KWON, HYUNTAE PARK, EUNHEE KIM, ...2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 495-504
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of 12-week combined exercise program on carotid artery structure and function, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in obese older women. All subjects were sixty years or older (66.90±4.2 years), performed the combined exercise training during 12-week consisting of aerobic exercise, band exercise, and yoga exercise for 70 minutes 3 times a week under the supervision of exercise specialist. Despite no statistically significant change in control group, percent body fat mass (3.26 %, p<.01), systolic blood pressure (6.2 mmHg, p<.05), diastolic blood pressure (5.6 mmHg, p<.001), and 10 m maximal walking time (0.56 sec, p<.05), TC (20.5 mg/dl, p<.05), and LDL-C (22.16 mg/dl, p<.05) were significantly decreased respectively after 12-week combined exercise in exercise group. In addition, sit-and-reach (3.6 cm, p<.01), oxygen uptake per weight (3.27 ml/kg/min, p<.05), VEGF (17.85 pg/dl, p<.001), and carotid artery LD (0.4 cm, p<.01), PFV (10.06 cm/sec, p<.05), EFV (6.04 cm/sec, p<.05) were significantly increased in the exercise group than in the control group. The VEGF had the significant correlation with LD (r=.389, p<.01), PFV (r=.427, p<.01), EFV (r=.264, p<.05). In conclusion, 12-week combined exercise program is effective to improve and/or physical function and body composition. And also, exercise can improve serum lipid metabolism, VEGF regulation, and carotid artery function and structure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (420K) -
桂 良寛, 吉川 貴仁, 上田 真也, 臼井 達矢, 外林 大輔, 坂本 弘, 高戸 浩志, 砂山 友美, 中雄 勇人, 藤本 繁夫2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 505-512
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic exercise training on the trunk muscles function and activities of daily living in abdominal obese women. Nineteen abdominal obese (abdominal circumference: 90 cm or more) and fifteen age-matched non-obese women were recruited as participants in this study. The aquatic exercise training (60 min/day, three days/week for 8 weeks) based on abdominal twists for activating the trunk muscle function. Physical parameters, biochemical characteristics, arteriosclerotic parameters and activities of daily living scores were assessed before and after the training period. In both groups showed abdominal circumference, percent of body fat, blood pressure and lower extremity muscle strength increased significantly after aquatic exercising training. In particular, endurance capacity of abdominal and back muscles increased significantly and activities of daily living scores were significantly improved in the obese group. Moreover, the improvement in the strength of lower extremities and improvement in the activities of daily living scores, such as climbing and descending stairs, in the obese group tended to be higher than non-obese women. Additionally, in abdominal obese group, the amount of the reduction of abdominal circumference was significantly associated with that of the increase in the strength of lower extremities. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibilities that the present aquatic exercise training based on trunk muscle exercise improving the function of trunk and lower extremity muscles with reduction in the abdominal obesity, contributing to improve activities of daily living in abdominal obese women.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (291K) -
松原 建史, 柳川 真美, 赤木 ゆう子, 山口 靖子, 神宮 純江, 進藤 宗洋, 小池 城司2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 513-520
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーIn this study, we examined a reliability of age-predicted heart rate (HR) for the 50%VO2max which is widely used during a training program for health promotion as compared to HR at the double product break point (DPBP). Two hundred fifty six non-hypertensive subjects (NHT), and 49 hypertensive ones under medication (HT) were studied. HT subjects were divided into two subgroups based on antihypertensive medications, ones with HR non-suppression agents (HT+HRNS) and the other with HR suppression agents (HT+HRS). DPBP was measured with the use of an incremental exercise test, and HR at DPBP (HR@DPBP) was determined. Age-predicted HR for the 50%VO2max intensity of exercise was calculated with the following formula; HR=138–age/2. Measurable rate of DPBP and HR@DPBP in NHT, HT+HRNS and HT+HRS were 93.8% and 120±14bpm, 92.7% and 104±12bpm, 78.5% and 94±16bpm, respectively. There were significant differences in HR@DPBP and age-predicted HR in NHT and HT+HRS (p<0.01 in both groups). But %ΔHR ((age-predicted HR–HR@DPBP)/HR@DPBP x 100) within -10%∼+10% in NHT, HT+HRNS and HT+HRS were 68%, 58% and 14%, respectively. This might be due to HR at rest with sitting position that was significantly correlated to %ΔHR in all groups (r=-0.604, p<0.001 in NHT, r=-0.689, p<0.001 in HT+HRNS and r=-0.761, p<0.05 in HT+HRS, respectively). And the range of HR at rest with sitting position corresponding to -10%∼+10% of %ΔHR were 70∼95bpm in NHT, 71∼93bpm in HT+HRNS and 83∼102bpm in HT+HRS. In addition, this study indicated that DPBP could be measured even under antihypertensive medication that might affect DPBP measurement.
In conclusion, we demonstrated that HR at DPBP and age-predicted HR were similar among 58-68% of NHT and HT+HRNS. And the range of HR at rest with sitting position to ensure reliability of age-predicted HR was elucidated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (383K) -
福永 裕子, 西薗 秀嗣2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 521-528
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーPurpose: We compared longitudinal height velocity between subjects with Osgood Schlatter Disease (OSD) and those with other chronic lower leg diseases (LD) group involving the knee in order to examine the utility of this velocity as an indicator of bone axis development.
Method: Subjects included 92 adult men who have played organized sports. Height values at 9 to 15 years of age were individually approximated by fitting 6-degree polynomial functions. Each polynomial function was differentiated to be led the height velocity curve. Timing of growth spurt and values of height velocity in the OSD and LD group were compared to those in a normal (N) group.
Results: Peak height velocity (PHV) was accelerated in the OSD group compared to the LD group. When individual velocity curves were aligned by age of peak height velocity (PHA), the average height velocity in the OSD group was higher than that in the N group at 0.8 years after PHA. Furthermore, when the averaged velocity curve of each group was shifted based on the average PHA, the height velocity in the OSD group was significantly greater than that in the N group at ages 11.6–12.5 years. However the height velocity in the LD group was greater at ages 10.6–10.8 years and 13.3–14.0 years, smaller at ages 11.8–12.3 years than that in the N group.
Conclusion: Subjects with OSD may possess higher height velocity than normal individuals before PHA. Conversely, subjects with LD seem to be related to other complicated factors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (483K) -
向本 敬洋, 植田 央, 韓 一栄, 先場 瞬, 大野 誠2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 529-540
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of present study was to investigate the cerebral oxygenation and oxygen uptake (VO2) during exercise of a combined circuit training (CCT) and a circuit resistance training (CRT). Nine healthy young male subjects performed the following two trails on separate days: 1) CCT trail (three circuits of aerobic exercise for 5 min at 50%VO2max and 1 set of four resistance exercises at 50% one-repetition maximum) and 2) CRT trail (six circuits of the same resistance exercises and intensity as for CCT without aerobic exercise). Exercise duration of these trails was 30 minutes. Cerebral oxygenation was determined by near infrared spectroscopy, and VO2 was measured by breath by breath methods. Cerebral oxygenation and VO2 were continuously monitored during the exercise. Oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin concentration during CCT trail was significantly higher than during CRT trail (p<0.05). Average VO2 and energy expenditure during CCT trail were significantly higher than during CRT trail (p<0.05). These results suggest that a single bout of circuit resistance training combined with aerobic exercise induced greater energy expenditure and cerebral oxygenation than those induced by a resistance training with the same exercise duration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (325K) -
笠原 政志, 山本 利春, 川原 貴2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 541-548
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーThe present study was conducted to examine whether stretching was effective to control muscular atrophy.
Subjects were eight male undergraduate students (height 171.4 ± 5.8 cm, body weight 72.2 ± 7.8 kg, and age 20.6 ± 1.1 years) and the muscle analyzed was the vastus lateralis.
Firstly, the subjects were instructed to perform strength training for a period of 16 weeks, which was followed by a 12-week detraining period. During the detraining period, either the right or the left leg was stretched daily for 10 minutes (2 sets). The mass of the vastus lateralis muscle was estimated based on its cross-sectional area (CSA), as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Relative decreases in muscle mass were compared between the stretched and the non-stretched control leg.
Muscle mass in the non-stretched leg showed significant decreases during detraining, while no significant decreases in muscle mass were detected in the stretched leg. This outcome indicates that stretching can influence muscle plasticity and, therefore, is effective for preventing decreases in muscle mass.
In conclusion, this study suggests that, added to its known ability to improve flexibility, accelerate recovery from fatigue, and prevent injuries, static stretching is effective for controlling muscle atrophy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (430K) -
稲見 崇孝, 清水 卓也, 宮川 博文, 井上 雅之, 中川 武夫, 高柳 富士丸, 丹羽 滋郎2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 549-554
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーStretching for the triceps surae muscle in the knee flexed position (medical stretching: MS) and knee extended position (static stretching: SS) were performed and the effect on the dorsiflexion angle of the ankle joint was examined. Five elderly females were selected as subjects. We measured the maximal dorsiflexion angle of the ankle joint in the following leg positions: (1) the maximal dorsiflexion angle in the extended knee position (EDF angle) and (2) the maximal dorsiflexion angle in the 90°flexed-knee position (FDF angle). There was a significant increase in the maximal dorsiflexion angle after MS and SS were carried out (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between MS and SS. It was concluded that MS for triceps surae is equally effective as SS in increasing the maximal dorsiflexion angle of the ankle joint.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (218K)
記事
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2010 年 59 巻 5 号 p. 555-558
発行日: 2010年
公開日: 2010/11/16
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (92K)
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