With the widespread use of aerial digital cameras such as the DMC, ADS40, RMK-D, and UltraCamD, high dynamic range imaging is generally expected for generating minuteness orthophotos in digital aerial photogrammetry. However, high dynamic range images (12-bit, 4,096 gray levels) are generally compressed into an 8-bit depth digital image (256 gray levels) owing to huge amount of data and interface with peripherals such as monitors and printers. This means that a great deal of image data is eliminated from the original image, and this introduces a new shadow problem. In particular, the influence of shadows in urban areas causes serious problems for generating minuteness orthophotos and performing house detection. In order to resolve the shadow problem in digital aerial photogrammetry, shadow areas should be recognized and corrected automatically without the loss of luminance information. With this motive, a practical shadow correction method for 8-bit depth digital image which is derived from 12-bit real data of DMC is investigated in this paper.

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This paper describes on an accuracy investigation of point clouds which generated by MMS (Mobile Mapping System). In recent years 3D measurement technologies have advanced significantly. At the same time, MMS have become common measurement instruments for 3D application fields such as road facility management and related fields. We have to consider that the necessity of establishment positional accuracy evaluation methodology stands on the measurement mechanism of MMS point clouds. The aim of this study is to establish positional accuracy evaluation methodology for MMS point cloud measurement data and examine our LS3D (Least Squares 3D Surface matching) approach in practical experiments. Our proposed evaluation methodology consists of (1) Data Quality Assessment, (2) Precision Assessment, (3) Absolute Accuracy Assessment, (4) Relative Assessment, (5) Cross-sensor Accuracy Assessment. In order to examine our evaluation methodology, we had been carried out an actual MMS run and MMS point clouds generation at Minato-Mirai, Yokohama. Through our practical experiments and an actual evaluation, we confirmed that our proposed positional accuracy evaluation methodology is good enough procedures. As farther works, we have to accumulate much more evaluations than this moment.

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According to appearance of low cost and high resolution digital cameras with various functions, a convenient 3D measurement using the digital cameras are enormously expected in various fields. In these circumstances, the authors have been concentrating on developing a convenient 3D measurement method using the digital cameras. Software “3DiVision” has been designed to perform convenient 3D measurement under the key words ; 3Dimension, Digital image and Visualization, and “3DiVision” shown the capability to perform camera calibration without GCPs and subsequent 3D measurement.
However, there is still issue for realize a convenient digital close range photogrammetry. The main problem is robust calibration procedure for triplet images which are taken at various distances from camera to object and ill-balance exposure stations. In order to resolve the issue, robust camera calibration method which is able to accomplish a convenient digital close range photogrammetry using triplet images of ununiform photo scales and ill-balance exposure stations are proposed in this paper.

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本論文では，トレーニングサンプル（SS）選択方法を組み込みながら，単一偏波の多時期SARと光学データをベイズ理論に基づいて統合して分類するフレームワークを提案する。このフレームワークでは，グレーレベル生起行列（GLCM）ベースの平均値テクスチャを用いた組合せが検討されている。より正確で空間的に分散したトレーニングサンプルを生成するSSの処理と，分類という２つの処理が統合されている。提案するフレームワークでは，多時期のSARデータから抽出された特徴－平均後方散乱係数，後方散乱の時間変動，長期間のコヒーレンス－と，光学データから抽出された反射率が，GLCMの平均値テクスチャを経由して統合されている。大阪を対象地に選んで分類が行われた。選択した土地被覆クラスは，市街地，野原，森林，水域であった。最も分類に適したデータは，異なるデータの相互補完，テクスチャの平滑化効果という点で，多偏波SARと光学データを平均値テクスチャを経由して統合するものであった。サポートベクターマシン（SVM）とニューラルネットワーク（NN）ベースのSS手法で改良されたトレーニングサンプルを用いて分類した結果が，全てのケースの中で最も高い分類精度を示した。

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Forest classification map is considered as very important data in a forest management and recommended to be produced covering the whole country for public use. Therefore, it is suggested that more easy and efficient new technique is developed for producing detailed forest classification map using the remote sensing image with high resolution. Here, the object-based classification is mentioned to represent this new technique. In the object-based classification a homogeneous pixel domain in the remote sensing image is first created, and classification process is done using the statistics of a homogeneous pixel domain. Generally color information and image texture used in industrial image processing are contained in the statistics. Image texture is the numerical value that evaluated the difference in the pattern of a homogeneous pixel domain, so that it is difficult to understand the relation between image texture and actual state of the forest in situ. In order to utilize the object-based classification in a forest management it is required to make the algorithm for the object-based classification easy to understand.
Since the spatial distribution of trees reflects its growth, thinning and spacing treatment, regeneration etc, it is possible the spatial distribution can be used as classification rule for object based classification. This research examined the validity of the classification, which used brightness peak in the remote sensing image related to the spatial distribution of trees. The overall accuracy of the proposal method was 0.68. Although this result was not sufficient, the proposal method was effective in classifying early growth stage of cedar and other forest state.

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Currently, DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of high density and wide range has been able to be created by spread of airborne laser scanner data. Because the DEM has a large amount of data, real-time communication becomes impossible. In order to reduce the amount of data of the DEM, we propose a method to compress the DEM with joint singular value decomposition. The proposed method is a lossy compression, and assume that a terrain has similar relief. We prove the effectiveness of the proposed method through the experiments using the DEM of 5m mesh.

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