社会学評論
Online ISSN : 1884-2755
Print ISSN : 0021-5414
ISSN-L : 0021-5414
26 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1~6を表示しています
  • -同調と逸脱をめぐる病理学的考察-
    間庭 充幸
    1976 年 26 巻 4 号 p. 2-23
    発行日: 1976/03/31
    公開日: 2009/11/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    There are signs of alienation and anomie spreading in modern society because of the rapid progress of industrialization. As a consequence, it is being recognized that some kinds of “Gemeinschaft” s have an effective function to conquer the situation as mentioned above. True solidarity and humanity will be created by a reasonable relationship between “Gemeinschaft” and an individual, especially, in the “Klima” of Japan. For it is very difficult for isolated men to establish the personal subjectivity that is the core of solidarity and humanity, particularly in Japan where we do not have the tradition of essential individualism and true “civil society”. It goes without saying that we don't necessarily affirm all the aspects of “Gemeinschaft”, for the complete affirmation of it would deprive a person of the spirit of independence or autonomy.
    In this paper I attempt to inquire into the reasonable relationship between “Gemeinschaft” and an individual, which may produce true solidarity and humanity, from the viewpoint of “conforming behavior” and “deviant behavior”. This kind of study should be performed with reference to its historical background. Therefor I tried to take a bird's-eye view of the modern history of Japan for my concrete data. As the result of investigation, it is verified that there are many kinds of pseudo- “Gemeinschaft” s, and that those kinds of “Gemeinschaft” s stand in an undesirable relationship with the individual. Of course, these are evidently social pathological phenomena.
    In spite of these pathological phenomena, I am convinced that the total emancipation of human nature or the real social reform can be achieved by the utilizing of the potential energy of “Gemeinschaft” which has a tendency to form the pseudo- “Gemeinschaft”. I don't mean to abandon these kinds of “Gemeinschaft” s without reconsideration, that is, I mean not the complete negation of “Gemeinschaft” but a kind of negative affirmation i.e. “Aufheben” of it. And in it there is the original route for modernization in Japan.
  • 橋本 厚生
    1976 年 26 巻 4 号 p. 24-39
    発行日: 1976/03/31
    公開日: 2009/11/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Rapid accumulation of knowledge and multiplicity of society have increased demands for scientists, engineers and other professional men. Accordingly the professional members in representative systems of many kinds of organizations have been taking the place of amateur members. But the functions of professional members are restricted to “service and advice”. Moreover they as well as their associations tend to be characteristic of self-defense and egoism.
    On the other hand, most of them are “Organization men” who are serching for self-realization. In addition to these points, awareness of deficiency of total knowledge because of specialized one may widen professional men's sight to outer and larger systems. For example, they may pay attention to participation in decision-making, administrating and management.
    They may become aware of passivity of their state, especially that of public state as part-time. They may find it necessary to have in part “right of deciding and doing”, and in turns to have “an according responsibility”, in case of publicity, as full-time. Generally a component of the responsibility has been “ethics” common to professional men so far. At the same time they have been accused of their aristocratism.
    Hence emerges a common factor, “Publicity” among professional men that identifies them with society.
  • 高等教育卒業者の社会的需給過程の一分析
    潮木 守一
    1976 年 26 巻 4 号 p. 40-59
    発行日: 1976/03/31
    公開日: 2009/11/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper the supply-demand equilibrium of the higher education graduates is discussed. At first the changing occupational structure in the process of economic growth is analysed both in the form of cross-sectional and international time-series analysis.
    These analyses show that occupations which tend to increase regularly with economic growth in the industrial society are professional-technical, managerial and clerical which are common to include more proportion of the higher education graduates than others.
    It implies that the demand for the higher education graduates tends to increase as a result of the changing occupational structure with the economic growth. The demand for them is here calculated for 7 countries (United States, Canada, Japan, Great Britain, Sweden, Greece, Chile, Korea, and Finland) from 1960 to 1970. To find out the equilibrium condition, two models are selected, the first is an equilibrium in the stationary state, in which the level of the higher education population and the composition rate of the higher education labor force among the total labor force are given and the supply and demand for them equates in a certain given level. Results show that the actual level of the higher education population of every 13 countries here observed is much higher than that required for the stationary equilibrium. The second model is a dynamic equilibrium, that is an equilibrium in the process of the supply increasement and the increasing demand arosed by the changing occupational structure. Results show that the actual growth-rate of the higher education population from 1960 to 70 is also higher than the equilibrium growth-rate in every 7 countries here observed.
  • -因子分析法の北海道都市への適用-
    関 清秀, 神山 由紀子
    1976 年 26 巻 4 号 p. 60-81
    発行日: 1976/03/31
    公開日: 2009/11/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to present a method of classifying the cities, to find out the social characteristics of Hokkaido cities by using the factor analysis method, and to classify the cities in accordance with the characteristics found.
    In this study, twenty-eight variables were selected as the indices of social characteristics of thirty-three cities in Hokkaido, and, as the result, seven factors, of which each eigen-value is of more than 1.0, are extracted. These seven factors account for 82.7% of the total variations.
    Among these seven, we find three main factors as follows.
    (1) The primary factor- “productivity index”
    Factor 1, the most important one, amounts to a condiserable proportion of 31.5% of the total variations. It is composed of the indices of population density, industrial sales, municipal pavement rate. This factor shows productivity and reflects the relative weight and stability of production.
    Table 8 types of cities classified by three main factors.
    (2) The secondary factor- “management and consumption index”
    Among the total variations, 14.4% is explained by the secondary factor.
    The high structure values of the composite variables are the business establishments and the department store sales, of which the factor loarding is more than 0.8.
    (3) The third factor- “habitability index”
    The third factor indicates 12.9% of the total variations. Among the indices of the factor, the superior one is the population per automobile, and the next is the municipal residence rate. These factor loardings exceed 0.8, whereas the negative index is the annual revenue per person.
    Based on the score of these three main factors, following 8 patterns of the cities were classified (see Table).
    Type A : (Three indices are advanced with balance.)
    Type B : (The “habitability index” is relatively retreat.)
    Type C : (The “productivity index is relatively” advanced.)
    Type D : (The “management and consumption index” is retreat.)
    Type E : (The “management and consumption index” is advanced.)
    Type F : (The “productivity index” is retreat.)
    Type G : (The “habitability index” is advanced.)
    Type H : (Three indices are retreat without balance.)
    Hokkaido is an island society of 22.1% of whole Japan and is composed of just one local government. Therefore, the whole social structure of Hokkaido is unique in comparison with other islands of Japan; Mainland, Shikoku and Kyushu. And then, the application of this method of classifying the cities in Hokkaido is more significant than in other islands.
  • 青井 和夫
    1976 年 26 巻 4 号 p. 82-89
    発行日: 1976/03/31
    公開日: 2009/11/11
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 阪井 敏郎
    1976 年 26 巻 4 号 p. 90-93
    発行日: 1976/03/31
    公開日: 2009/11/11
    ジャーナル フリー
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