Japanese Sociological Review

G.H. Mead's Social Behaviorism

-A Perspective of the Process of Interaction-

Chihaya Iwaki

1987 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 306-320,395
Published: December 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.306

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This paper is an attempt to examine G.H. Mead's Social Behaviorism, and, by this examination, to clarify his approach to the process of interaction in his conception of social behaviorism.
G.H. Mead's social behaviorism is known as “an approach to the study of the experience of the individual from the point of view of his conduct, particularly, but not exclusively, the conduct as it is observed by others”, as explained by himself in 'Mind, Self, & Society'. Although it has been emphasized through some discussions in recent years to realize the importance of the conception of social behaviorism in understanding the works of him on the whole, what the importance is, and what the implications are seem to remain questions.
Getting close to his well-known concept of the self, we can see his illustrating the process of interaction between individuals in terms of 'stimulus' and 'response', which are the key concepts of 'Behaviorism' first advocated by J.B. Watson. Mead, criticising Watson's methodology of behaviorism, does make use of behaviorism in his own way. But by insisting on such 'behaviorism', Mead doesn't insist on investigation into the inner experience of the individual which he thinks was inadequetely denied by Watson, nor takes over or extends the methodology of the objective observation of human behaviors, which was required by Watson seeking to make psychology a natural science. Mead's behaviorism is never a mere alternative to Watson's as the latter is to introspective psychology in respect of methodological concerns. Social behaviorism is more than an insistence on a methodology.
By demonstration of these different implications of Mead's 'social behaviorism' and Watson's 'behaviorism' as regards such concepts as 'act', 'observation', 'others', and 'acting individuals', of both behaviorisms, we are going to see that social behaviorism is the perspective that gets into view of us the process of interaction between individuals, which would be one of the most important subjects of Mead to be studied.

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Soziologische Erfassungen der Gefuhle

Masayuki Okahara

1987 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 321-335,394
Published: December 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.321

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Es ist ein Wissen in der Alltagswelt, daß affektive Erfahrungen ganz “natürlich aufwallende”, “unvermeindliche”, “unabsichtliche” Privätphanomene sind, noch dazu sie durch die physiologischen Mechanismen, die den Menschen angeboren sind, gestaltet sind. Aber man muß sagen, daß dieses Wissen nur ein “Mytos” ist, weil seine objektive Gültigkeit anthropologisch oder sozialgeschichtlich bezwei-felt ist.
Wenn eine Betrachtung über die soziologischen Erfassungen der Gefühle (affektiven, emotionalen Erfahrungen), in Zusammenhang mit dem “Mytos”, angestellt ist, sind sie in zwei Gruppen klassifiziert. Die erste ist “Pro-Mytos-Typ”, der den “Mytos” theoretisch annimmt (z.B. Weber, Davis, Kemper.). Die zweite ist “Anti-Mytos-Typ”, der den Gefühlgestaltungsprozeß unphysiologisch (soziologisch) thematisiert. Der “Anti-Mytos-Typ” besteht aus zwei Sub-typen. Ein Typ, der behauptet, daß Gefuhle durch die sozialen Normen gestaltet and determiniert sind, heißt “Norm-Typ” (z.B. Goffman, Hochschild.). Ein Typ, der behauptet, daß Gefuhle durch die Leistungen der bewußten Subjektivität eines Individuums gestaltet sind, heißt “Subjekt-Typ” (z.B. Hochschild, Shott.).
In diesen “Anti -Mytos-Typen” gibt es eine theoretische Schwierigkeit, die es unmoglich macht, die Selbstverständlichkeit der affektiven Erfahrungen zu the-matisieren. Dann tritt ein dritter Typ (“Realitätskonstruktion-Typ”), worauf die ethnomethodologische Konzeption angewandt ist, auf die Bühne auf. Diese Erfassung hält die affektiven Erfahrungen für die normative Kategorisierung einer Situation mit der Verwendung der Gefühlsvokabulare. Dieser Typ kann die Selbstverständlichkeit der affektiven Erfahrungen als die der Realitätskonstruktion mit der Sprachverwendung erklären.
Die Soziologie der Gefuhle, die noch im Ansatzpunkt bleibt, leistet in Zukunft einen Beitrag dazu, Gefuhle als die “Sozialen” zu verstehen and eine Perspektive fur die moderne gesellschaftliche Analyse zu setzen.

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Social Networks of Old People in the Urban Communities

Isamu Kaneko

1987 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 336-350,393
Published: December 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.336

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This article focuses on social networks of old people in the urban communities. It describes differences among social networks in terms of their urban structure, attitudes of the old residents, quality of life, and the characteristics of the old residents. In doing this, the study is based on the results of the two social surveys. As such it provides a detailed understanding of differences in the structure and composition of urban old networks.
Generally, people use both the neighborhood and the wider community to meet their needs. However, for some groups of old people the neighborhood is much more important than it is for others. Many old people are more dependent upon their neighborhood than other urban residents.
The correlation analysis shows that local networks are related statistically to neighborhood satisfaction and life satisfaction.
Finally, from a policy perspective, the results discussed argue in favor of policies designed to strengthen the community structure of urban neighborhoods. This is particularly important for old neighborhoods because the old residents are more place-bound and have fewer options outside of neighborhoods to meet their needs.

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Establishing Process of Branch Families and Social Structure of Fishing Village after the World War II

-A case study of the Sanriku-coastal village-

Toshiaki Sato

1987 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 351-367,393
Published: December 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.351

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After the World War II, Japan-fishery developed remarkably during 30s of Showa era, creating large fishery labour forces. But, after 40s of Showa era, Japan-fishery has faced with hard conditions, such as the limitation of 200 nautical miles jurisdiction and disturbing ecosystem of fishery resources. These caused the change in constitutes of coast fishing structure. Consequently, fishing village itself has changed its social structure. However, sociological studies have been insufficient to analyze the social structure of fishing village after 40s of Showa era.
This article attempts to analyze how was the changing process of the fishing village under the influence of fishery development. The analysis is based on the research conducted at the coastal village, where the fishing structure has been changed and fishing laborerers have been created.
First, I analyze the changing process of fishery there. Secondly, I explain the characters of the ie and honke-bunke (ie-head and branch ie) relationships in the fishing village, and make clear the establishing process of bunke, branch family, after the World War II. And thirdly, the changing process of social structure is analyzed from the view point of re-organization of village self-government system. Through these examination, I conclude that the ie and mura (village) secure the livelihood system, in spite of the changing local community.

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The Analysis of Network Data with NEGOPY and MDS

Takashi Ito

1987 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 368-377,392
Published: December 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.368

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1987 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 380-381
Published: December 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.380

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1987 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 381-383
Published: December 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.381

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1987 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 383-385
Published: December 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.383

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1987 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 385-388
Published: December 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.385

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1987 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 388-390
Published: December 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.388

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1987 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 390
Published: December 31, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.390

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