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Volume 41 (1990 - 199･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 346-
- Issue 3 Pages 234-
- Issue 2 Pages 114-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 41, Issue 3
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Michio Ohno1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 234-247
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper attempts to study the hypothesis of youth and dissent.
There are two hypotheses of youth and dissent. One is socialism movement hypothesis, the other is new social movement hypothesis.
And I use psychohistorical approach and examine the case of Tokyo university and conclude.
First, socialism movement hypothesis is very strong, and there were strong fidelity to socialism movement among the activists.
Second, new social movement hypothesis is weak, and there were Identity crisis among youth.
Third, at that time Japanese sociey is not post-industrial society and there were political crisis among advanced society.
So dissent in Japan is most socialism movement, but in several universities there are the first type of new social movement.View full abstractDownload PDF (1614K) -
Their Social Relationship and Identity in Sanya Area, TokyoAkihiko Nishizawa1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 248-260
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Yoseba” is the place where day-laborers gather, live in inns called “Doya”, and get jobs in Japanese metropolise. There, a social world is constructed by “Yoseba Rôdôsya (the day-laborers in Yoseba)”. This paper tries to describe the society in Yoseba situated in Sanya area, Tokyo, from two perspectives. The first one deals with the moral order, which put norms on the relationship in Yoseba. The secend one concerns the ambivalence of the social identity of Yoseba Rôdôsya.
In Yoseba, Yoseba Rôdôsya commit themselves to a restricted relationship in which they mutually avoid to touch on their past and their hard private lives. This restriction is normalized among them, and it gives them feeling of belonging to a same kind of people who share the similar career and life. Therefore, Yoseba society is ordered through this norm and induce the so-called “we feeling” without generating a concrete role structure. This feeling is reinforced by sympathizing experience of the hard work.
“Yoseba-Rôdôsya” is a discriminating label in Japanese urban society. Thus, their social identity in relation with the outside society tends to wear a negative quality. However, they find another positive kind of social identity in the relationship among themselves. This positive identity saves them from the sentiment of self-humilation. In this way, their self identity is split between positive and negative, and thus remains to be an ambivalent and unstable one.View full abstractDownload PDF (1428K) -
An Analysis of “Tekijuku” Student's Careers in the Light of Historical Sociology/Sociology of ScienceMamoru Kitajima1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 261-276
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper concerns with the role behaviors of the Dutch Scholars (Rangakusha) during the final years of Tokugawa period. We already have many studies made in this fields by the historians of science, education and western science. Our focus is, in contrast with these historical works, certain category of Dutch Scholars whose scientific and technological activities command our special attention. Such activities are analyzed by us in terms of role behaviors of various kinds.
Our sample are from Ogata Koan's students at his famous “Tekijuku”. Their activities are analyzed by such sociological concepts as status, role and social structure which are in turn further subcategorized into the concepts of traditional status, modern status, private status, public status and so on. Using these concepts, basic and derivative, two hypotheses were presented and examined. The first was, “Did the Dutch Scholars develop new statuses in pursuit of their activities?” The second, “Did they form a new independent institution for their own activities ?”
In examining the first hypothesis, tried to discern various kinds of role behavior in their trials to adapt themselves into the then existing and newly developing social structures. As the results, we obtained such subcategories as “medical role behavior”, “educational role behavior” and “military role behavior”, and so on. After pursuing their activities in terms of these derivative concepts, we could show that these Dutch Scholars did parform “medical role behavior” and “military role behavior” and that they did get “modern-public status” in the military field.
For the second hypothesis, we found that those new statuses were established on the already existing traditional social structure, such as han and Shogunate goverments, but new structures independent from these traditional entities, having their own system of norms and evaluations, i.e., a new institution, were never formed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1690K) -
Shigeki Sato1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 277-290
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“The Problem of Order” proposed by Talcott Parsons, which has been argued in many ways, is still one of the most important sociological theme among contemoporary authors such as Nilkas Luhmann and Anthony Giddens. How the problem of order is treated with in the theories of Luhmann and Giddens, is discussed here. Though both theories are of course different from each other, they both arrive at “the theory of reproduction”. From the viewpoint of reproduction, the order is not considered as a state just against the disorder (conflict), but a process which continuously renews the precedential order in time by human practice. Society fundamentally depends on “paradox” or “contradiction”, and the social order is inherently impossible. Therefore the social order can be only temporarily constructed. Luhmann and Giddens analyze these mechanisms, each relatively laying emphasis on an 'ideal' or 'real' aspect. Theory of reproduction indicates that simple dualism of order-disorder is ineffective, but it has a tendency to invalidate the distinction between stability and non-stability, which is a core of the problem order. It is necessary to utilize the theory of reproduction to analyze various modes of stability and non-stability.View full abstractDownload PDF (1759K) -
Shun'ichi Mukasa1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 291-304
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the past there were many kinds of timepieces in regular use. They can be divided into two types as follows
1) Timer : timepieces to measure an amount of time
2) Clock : timepieces to synchronize social actions
Before the modern society a timer couldn't be used as a clock because of high costs and the difficulty of maintenance. On the contrary, a clock couldn't use as a timer. Even the weight-driven clocks in the Middle Ages hadn't the long hand yet so they hardly clocked a small amount of time. Therefore we could say that these two kinds of timepieces had almost no substitutability in time-keeping.
The biggest change in the history of time-keeking occurred when a pendulum was adopted in the escapement of machine clocks. The clock with a pendulum was so precise that it could measure a small amount of time in proper. Since then the timers were beginning to be substituted by the clock and most of them has disappeared. As the result the two kinds of timepieces were unified into a single one that we can call “the modern clock.”
After this unification the dial of the clock has been used as a scale measuring an amount of time. Then the units of the clock, that is, hours, minutes and seconds, began to be used as the units of an amount of time. The unification of two timepieces led to the unity of the scales of the timer and the clock.
The establishment of the universal scale in timekeeping has advanced the modern sciences and technologies. By this precise scale, the rest-time measuring until a certain time has been possible and the synchronized social system in countdown style has realized. The unification of time peaces is one of the indispensable conditions of the modern society.View full abstractDownload PDF (1588K) -
Harutoshi Funabashi1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 305-319
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy analyzing organizational process of social planning, we can study the mechanism of its success and failure. Controls over a society work simultaneously on three levels : social system, basic institution and individual project. We can find three types of social control system corresponding to these three levels. The control system on the level of social system constitutes the meta-control system for a control system on basic institution level. And the latter sets up the meta-control system for a control system on individual project level. Each control system on a lower level operates in the frame which is defined by a meta-control system on a higher level. In order to analyze the interrelation between multiple control efforts of different levels, “the strategic analyse” proposed by M. CROZIER and E. FRIEDBERG is very useful, because this approach presents a fundamental consideration about the actor-system relation.
All reflections of this article are based on two postulates : (A) a meta-control system on a higher level conditions the possibility of success and failure in a control system on a lower level, (B) a control effort which operates in a meta-control system on a higher level does not determine completely control efforts which work in a control system on a lower level. We verify and develop these postulates through case studies concerning the construction process of bullet express train in Japan and in France. Through these studies, we find that the “paradox of rationality” prevents seriously the success of social planning and that the “value-rationality” is a source of autonomous decision on a lower level control system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1805K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 320-322
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (342K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 322-323
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (259K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 324-325
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (217K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 326-328
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (360K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 328-329
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 330-331
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (203K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 332-333
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (204K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 334-335
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (215K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 335-337
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1990 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 337-338
Published: December 31, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (221K)
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