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Volume 47 (1996 - 199･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 428-
- Issue 3 Pages 320-
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- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 47, Issue 1
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 2-3
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010
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On the problem of 'subjectivity' from the perspective of phenomenologyKazuhisa NISHIHARA1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 4-17
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFirst in this paper, after discussing the changes in knowledge in 1960-70's, the development of philosophical thought of Japan in this period is discussed from the perspective of phenomenology. And next, the relationship of these thoughts to Japanese sociological theory in 1960-70's and in 1980's are investigated.
Among these changes in knowledge are several typical trends including inquiries into science and positivism in general, questions about the essence and functions of language such as studies on speech-act theory and language-game theory and the re-interpretation of Saussure's linguistics, problems raised by structuralism on Western modernity, reinterpretations of Marxism, and new developments in phenomenological philosophy by Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. While focusing briefly on the opposing views between Marxian sociology and sociological functionalism, and between sociological functionalism and phenomenological sociology, it is demonstrated by bibiographical reference that during the process of change in philosophical thought inquiries into the problem of subjectivity inevitably reached its fundamental level, that is, the level of intersubjectivity. Above all, the studies in fundamental interaction at the intersubjective pre-linguistic level, argued by Japanese philosophers in 1960-70's, are dealt with at §. 2 in this paper.
However, investigations into the problem of intersubjectivity in Japanese sociological theory did not develop sufficiently until the 1990's. Today, there exists a rift between those sociologists who support sociological theory which chooses not to study this problem and those sociologists who support sociological investigations (including phenomenological sociology) which choose to study intersubjectivity and life-world at the fundamental level. Finally, the importance of the latter point of view is asserted in this paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (2272K) -
Kiyotada TSUTSUI, Hideki NAKAZATO, Gentaro MIZUGAKI, Kenya NOZAKI, Mas ...1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 18-32
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis article traces the development of historical-sociological studies in post-war Japan from a macro perspective, and characterizes it as a trend “from modernism to post-modernism”. We focus on family, religion, rural society and culture, and estimate the contribution of historical sociology in respective field. Historical sociology proposed various topics such as modernization of rural societies, impacts of social history of Annale, moral economy. It should be concluded that historical sociology in Japan is currently on the way to development and divergence. We expect it to converge in the coming century.View full abstractDownload PDF (2244K) -
Toshio TOMOEDA1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 33-46
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this paper is to analyze the development of sociological empirical studies in postwar Japan. The rapid economic growth and the rise in the percentage of students who go on to college, which are two salient characteristics of social change in postwar Japanese society, made academic knowledge popular. While academic studies in the prewar period put stress on acquiring culture, those in the postwar period has stressed emphasis on positivism and usefulness. Therefore the postwar period in Japan can be called an era of positivism.Positivism has become the driving force in developing sociological empirical studies. The most well-known sociological empirical study is the national survey on Social Stratification and Mobility (so called the SSM survey). Looking back on the SSM survey from 1955 to 1985, we see that the relation of data analysis to sociological theory has been eclipsed by technical development in quantitative analysis. The separation of empirical studies from theoretical studies in sociology has been accelerated by the advent of postmodern thought. I will suggest a means to overcome this separation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2053K) -
What Do They Fail to See ?Akihiko NISHIZAWA1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 47-62
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this essay is to clarify and better understand the underlying assumptions made by Japanese urban sociologists in the 1950's through the 1980's. It is done by examining the community theories and the studies of neighborhood associations called “Chonaikai”.
Urbanization and industrialization after the World War II encouraged the mobility of the population and the change in the community's social structure. Although their ideological positions were varied, many urban sociologists proposed new images of community that were considered to be ideal and consistent with the societal goals. They explored the possibility of realizing such images and pursued the way to reorganize the communities.
These new images of community have the following three characteristics in common : 1. Despite its unclear boundaries and unfixed population, a community is discussed as though it existed independently of and isolated from the outside world. 2. A community is viewed as a society made of permanent settlers. Thus, its mobile population is treated either as marginal or as a factor that causes disorganization. 3. The existence of multiple life worlds in a city is ignored in the discussion and the necessity for establishing the community's identity is overly emphasized.
Many Japanese urban sociologists claim to have followed Chicago School's tradition. However, they have failed to pay attention to the dynamic social processes involving interactions between various communities and between diverse individuals. Therefore, their studies have neglected to deal with the fluid population of minority and their social world, handing such issues over to social pathologists as their research topics.View full abstractDownload PDF (2381K) -
Japan Sociological Society1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 63-86
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the Japanese university, much attention has been focused recently on the reorganization of liberal arts, curriculum, postgraduate courses and so on. This work examines the recent changes in Japanese teaching of sociology. A committee in the Japan Sociological Society surveyed to find out how the Japanese teaching of sociology is groping for a new direction through the process of trial-and-error in coping with above-mentioned impact and in response to the reorganization.
For example, according to data from our survey for the teaching of sociology conducted between 1993 and 1994, :
1. The main contents of reorganization in 138 faculties were self-assessment (81.2%), improvement of contents and methods of education (78.3%), reform of curriculum (66.7%), and reorganization of the institution (63.0%).
2. The reform of curriculum will be emphasized from now on.
3. The percentage of the faculty which it was lecturing about social survey was 81.9 and those delivering practical courses in social survey was 64.5.
4. The percentage of approval for setting up a license for a graduate who studied sociology was 31.2 and quasi approval was 34.8.
5. The problems of postgraduate courses were due to shortage of the staff, deficiency of expenses for survey and deficiency of scholarship.
6. The reorganization of liberal arts has had a great influence on sociology in Japan not only on the steps of liberal arts but also on the steps of the faculty and postgraduates.View full abstractDownload PDF (3144K) -
Gi Gong and SociologySakimori KON1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 87-105
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter the defeat of the World War II, did the Japanese sociology have an alternative ? Until the student revolution there had not been such an alternative. Then, appeared countercultures, which comprised communes, rock music, identity politics and drug culture. The drug culture soon evolved into oriental religions, which criticized the Western reason or rationality. Many liberal sociologists who had supported the student power could not evaluate the impact of this radical criticism properly.
An authentic evaluation came from the camp of the orthodox sociology. Professor Kazuo Aoi had investigated a variety of the streamlined sociological theories. He cast doubt on such western-originated theories, because they couldn't be the fundamental basis of the epistemology of sociology. He found the new grounds in Zen, by which a sociologist or a man can always return to the origin of meanings.
Aoi's efforts are very valuable, but they are confined in some ways, for his theory is centered only on the epistemology of sociology. Now it is the ontology of sociology that we really need. I think we can find this vital ontology by passing through Zen to Gi Gong. Against superficial understanding of it as a kind of mystic religion, Gi Gong can be the fundamental grounds of the new sociology.View full abstractDownload PDF (2653K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 106-107
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
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[in Japanese]1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 107-109
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (426K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 109-111
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (419K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 111-113
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (451K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 113-114
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (309K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 115-116
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (254K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 116-118
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (420K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 118-119
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (319K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 120-121
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (323K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 121-123
Published: June 30, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (348K)
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