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Volume 49 (1998)
- Issue 4 Pages 488-
- Issue 3 Pages 350-
- Issue 2 Pages 172-
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Volume 49, Issue 2
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Kazuhiro KIKUTANI1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 172-187
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn se propose de retracer dans cet article le processus de formation de la notion d'homme (aujourd'hui évidente aux yeux des sociologues) à travers les liens généalogiques unissant Tocqueville à Durkheim dans l'approfondissement de la philosophie sociale, liens jusque-là relativement négligés dans les recherches japonaises au profit de la filiation du positivisme sociologique instaurée entre Comte et Durkheim.
Dans cette perspective, l' analyse cherche à éclairer comment les deux chocs sociohistoriques que furent la Révolution de février 1848 et l'Affaire Dreyfus contribuèrent, chez chacun de ces auteurs, à l'élaboration de l'épistémologie sociologique moderne.
On en tire la conclusion que notre vision sociologique de l'homme résulte pour une bonne part de l'unification de deux points de vue historiquement constitues et épistémologiquement opposés (et dont la contradiction n'est qu'à peine subsumée) : ceux de la transcendance (la généralité, l'universalité) et du profane (la particularite, le concret). Dès lors apparaît indispensable au maintien de cette unité contradictoire une forme d'autorité, et il est montré que pour cette analyse de la notion d'homme, l'étude du processus d'approfondissement des connaissances sociales qui mène “de Tocqueville à Durkheim” est plus opératoire que celui qu conduit “de Comte à Durkheim”.
En outre, on montre comment cette constitution de la notion d'homme est allée de pair avec celle de notre notion actuelle de société.
Mots-clés : Tocqueville, Durkheim, histoire de la sociologie française.View full abstractDownload PDF (1911K) -
Yoshimichi Sato1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 188-205
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper picks up main criticisms of rational choice theory, analyzes their logical structures, and determines which criticisms should be accepted. The criticisms are classified in the following seven categories : argument that preferences depend on cultural contexts ; the prospect theory ; skepticism about empirical validity of the assumption of rationality ; skepticism about the assumption of common knowledge ; argument that rational choice theory does not succeed in explaining social phenomena ; skepticism about multiple equilibria ; argument that social phenomena do not necessarily consist of social actions.
The first four criticisms are about assumptions of rational choice theory, and they are not necessarily insignificant to the development of sociological theories. They are futile, however, if we doubt empirical validity of assumptions of a theory without considering what we can explain with the assumptions. The fifth criticism is very important in enriching rational choice theory, so we have to answer the criticism properly. We can ignore the sixth criticism if we interpret the problem of multiple equiriblia in positive ways. The final criticism has not offered an alternative theory that has stronger explanatory power than rational choice theory, so we cannot accept its claim. We conclude, from the above analysis of the criticisms, that the key to enriching rational choice theory is to answer the fifth criticism properly.View full abstractDownload PDF (2062K) -
Historical-descriptive analysis of codes and the implicationsTatsushi OGINO1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 206-220
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to show one substantial way of studies which focus on relationship between a movement culture and cultural conditions of the host society. A good place to start is to consider the theoretical arguments about mobilizing potency of collective action frame (CAF) and we are led to two analytical tasks. The first is to examine the condition of frame resonance, that is, the extent which every cultural code composes CAF circulates in the society.
The second task is to examine the possibility which the CAF is, directly or indirectly, articulated with other cultural domains. Both these tasks need historical description of focal codes and the related discourses. We choose a book as an empirical case which induces parents to negotiate school teachers to save their bullied children and focus on a code related to a category of mother or housewife. By examining the related discourses since 1980s, we perform the above tasks.View full abstractDownload PDF (1741K) -
A Case study of “Community Planning” by the Residential Movements of Land ReadjustmentKazuo Imanishi1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 221-237
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt present, there is the argument that the residential movements have changed from “negative” movement to “creative” movement. But the detail of “creative” movement is not examined enough.
In this paper, we tried to explain about “Community Planning” as “creative” movement. We analysed “Community Planning” by the residential movements of land readjustment.
A general survey of the residential movements of land readjustment leads us to believe that the movements have not changed into “creative” movement. And we conducted two case studies at NISHIMIZUE DISTRICT in Edogawa Ward, Tokyo and FUJIMICHO DISTRICT in Hiratsuka City, Kanagawa. At NISHIMIZUE DISTRICT, any alternative proposals for space control were not presented by the movements, because a great deal of private rights were claimed. At FUJIMICHO DISTRICT, there is a sign of “creative” movement. The movement construct universal publicity. In this study, we understood that universal publicity is constructed as the advanced concept of critical publicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (2229K) -
Kenji AKIYAMA1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 238-254
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince 1980's workers' co-operative, volunteer work, Silver Jinzai Cnter and so on have taken root in Japanese society. We name them new types of work.
A number of researchers have come to grips with them from the various viewpoints such as co-operative movement, aged peoples' life, women's activities, social welfare or alternative movements. In the representative researches from the viewpoint of work, with ease, workers' co-operative, Silver Jinzai Center and home help service are put against employed or selfemployed work, whereas volunteer work and household work are put against occupational work. After examined carefully, these researches are lacking in close comparing them to employed or self-employed work or to occupational work, and in comprehensive grasp of them on the level of work.
The purpose of this paper is to propose a theory on the new types ofwork beyond these researches. It is the key to constructing the theory on them who consumes goods or service produced by the new types of work and by employed or self-employed work. This question concerns deeply the problem of social usefulness of work. In this paper the usefulness of it is divided into four aspects. Differentiating these aspects of the usefulness clarifies the consumers' characteristics of these works. And it enables us to configurate these works from these aspects of the usefulness.
Finally we confirm the continuity between some types of work and employed or self-employed work, and the discontinuity between other types of work and employed or selfemployed work. It gives us a clue to reconsideration of occupational work and nonocuupational workView full abstractDownload PDF (2112K) -
the Range and Limit of Typologies of the Welfare StateNobuyuki YAMADA1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 255-269
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: January 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper tries to clarify the reason why state policies are different in various societies and criticize 'state-centered approach' theoretically, on which Skocpol and others are based when they study welfare states in comparative perspective.
Firstly various concrete differences and/or variances in welfare states are identified and the process of capitalist state policies including those of the welfare state is formalized. State policies are generally made through three phases, which consist of input phase of various interests from social relations, for example, class relations, translation phase of those interests into policies by state personnels, and output phase of state policies as a consequence.
Secondly it is assured that state personnels should have their own interests which cannot be necessarily reduced to particular class interests and are not logically consistent as a result of the specificity of the capitalist state. Therefore the fact that the typology constructed or differentiation identified only on the basis of that of the input phase should be theoretically relevant is suggested.
Thirdly the emergence of concrete differences and/or variances in welfare states is described based on the general framework of state policy-making which this paper suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (1974K) -
Exploring News Discourse of “Seinan War”Yuji KATO1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 270-285
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper compares two different types of news discourse regarding to “Seinan War” reported by Ryuhoku Narushima and Genichiro Fukuchi, journalists in early Meiji Era, and regards Fukuchi' s one as the birth of modern news discourse in Japan.
In a strict sense, the news discourse of Narushima is not a news discourse because he did not report the facts of the war. Narushima referred to a certain narrative method in order to report the event. This type of news discourse had been widely accepted in Japan until Fukuchi challenged it. By contrast with Narushima, Fukuchi persisted in reporting the facts as he saw them. He was able to achieve his news discourse by rejecting the narrative method. Fukuchi has therefore established modern news discourse in Japan.
Modern news discourse has, however, included a possibility of a paradox. Without a narration as a frame, how can we choose the facts to be reported? In other words, a whole event presupposes many fragmentary facts, but these facts cannot be chosen unless the picture of the whole event is understood first. This paradox can be (practically) avoided if we find a frame which gives us a sense and a meaning and unites many fragmentary facts. This frame function used in “fact-reporting” cannot be neutral but inevitably contains “an intention” of a reporter, such as a certain meaning (and a certain ideology).View full abstractDownload PDF (1858K) -
An Interpretation of Social Discourse in Articles of MagazinesNaho TANIMOTO1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 286-301
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper I focus on social discourse and interpret the social consciousness of love-romance among the youth.
I regard articles of magazines as pieces of social story, and reconstitute as a model, which is analyzed by the semiotical method of narratives. Generally the social consciousness has been analyzed quantitatively. But in this paper it is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.
The model about the love story among the youth of today is characterized as having enlarged the process and postponed the end, and as having maximized enjoyment and minimized troubles.
The social consciousness of the youth is interpreted as follows : (1) they think processes of love affair more important than results of it, (2) they shelter themselves in a close group, (3) they hesitate decisions of their attitudes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1689K) -
Gaku DOBA1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 302-317
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is recently said that “women's studies” and “men's studies” have been united as “gender studies”. It is obscure, however, why and how it is possible. We try to make clear it in terms of the typology of the paradigms of liberation-the paradigms of gender unification, gender separation, gender relativization-from which women's movements and men's movements are ideally generated.On the paradigm of gender unification both women's studies and men's studies will be united ideally as gender studies. On the paradigma of gender separation both of them will stick to their own reserach identities and not be able to united. On the paradigma of gender relativization both of them will lose their own research identities and not be able to united. Women's liberation and men's liberation have been unfold dialectically on the paradigmas of liberation. Now the (negative) dialectic, however, seems to have return them to their start points.View full abstractDownload PDF (1651K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 318-324
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 325-328
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 329-330
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 331-332
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 332-334
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 334-336
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 336-337
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 337-339
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 339-343
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 343-345
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 49 Issue 2 Pages 345-347
Published: September 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (251K)
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