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Volume 50 (1999 - 200･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 434-
- Issue 3 Pages 278-
- Issue 2 Pages 142-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 50, Issue 2
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 142
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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Kazuo SEIYAMA1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 143-163
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the beginning of modern class conceptualization, “class” has meant an agent which should play an important role in historical and political social change. However, this property of class cannot be derived from its ordinary definition as “any group of people based on the common economic interests in the market”. For, mutual interests rather than conflicts are likely to emerge in the market, because various economic agents meet with each other in order to enhance their interests by joint productions,
What has been conceived as “class conflicts” in sociological literatures are “political conflicts” based on politically and legally differentiated estate systems. In the pre-modern estate system, economic activities were subjugated to political system, and hence it was very likely that any attempt of pursuing economic interests should have been simultaneously political.
The modern stratification system is characterized by the (gradual) abolition of the estate system and the establishment of free economic system. But this does not necessarily entail the abolition of poverty, the persistence of which seems to have been the main reason.for so-called “class struggles” in modern era.
Until the late 1970's, most industrialized societies have succeeded to virtually abolish the poverty, and so the “class conflicts”. It does not mean, however, the end of stratification system. The hierarchies in incomes, prestiges, or educational attainments are preserved. But, because the opportunity for. “basic goods” have become equally enjoyed, the hierarchy cannot be uni-dimensional. The current and the late-modern stratification system must be the multidimensional and individualistic, and has no basis for “class” as an agent.View full abstractDownload PDF (2154K) -
Die Entwicklung der Klassenforschung von der Utopie zur WissenschaftKenji HASHIMOTO1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 164-180
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn post-war Japanese social sciences, class studies have developed as “class composition studies” which have inclined to polarization theory and political assumption that regards working class i.e. proletariat as revolutionary force. Moreover, some class researchers has uncritically accepted analysis of the situation and political strategy of Japanese Communist Party. In these all circumstances, the term of class has been understood as much politically biased in Japanese social science, so class study has been more and more declined, where as its remarkable development in West Europe and United States. This article aims to remove the biases sticked to the term of class and reconstruct class study as a scientific research field. For this aim, at first, we adopt class structure scheme consist of 4 classes on a basis of class-exploitation theory of analytical Marxism, secondly, examine the changes in class structure and inter-generation class mobility, finally, examine the relationships of class location and social consciousness. The final conclusion is evident. Japanese society is still a class-divided society.View full abstractDownload PDF (1968K) -
Hiroyuki KONDO1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 181-196
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSociological researches on educational opportunity generally suggest that the class inequality in educational attainment has not been diminished for a long term. Although they carefully separate the changes in class inequality of education from those caused by the marginal expansion of educational categories, they fail to realize the relationship between class inequality and meritocracy. This paper proposed a cumulative logit model (it can be called “a threshold model”) to test the stability of educational inequality under the working of meritocratic selection, and applied it to the SSM survey data to examine the Japanese case. The model assumed a continuum distribution of educational advantage for each class, and also assumed several thresholds (cut-points) on the continuum such that the educational categories corresponded to the intervals defined by these threshold values. With this framework of analysis, we found that the educational change both for prewar and postwar periods resulted from lowering of the threshold values only. This means that the advantage distribution of classes have utterly unchanged and the meritocratic selection, not class biased selection, has applied to each class equally. This structure of educational inequality is the same for gender differentiation except for the threshold values. Further, the model forecasts a gradual decline in class inequality of education at the absolute level, but the sustained inequality at the relative level as before. The model's good fit to data suggests inadequacy of a single factor approach on this topic, because the advantage distribution is stable over a long period of time regardless of fluctuations in such a factor.View full abstractDownload PDF (1631K) -
Tsutomu WATANABE, Yoshimichi SATO1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 197-215
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIncredible ecomomic growth in postwar Japan has changed all the aspects of life of the Japanese, especially job mobility and labor markets. Thus, it would be almost impossible to understand the change in job mobility after the second world war without considering what the Japanese society has experienced since 1945. We study how the labor markets have changed analyzing the change in job mobility and the impact of the postwar Japanese economy on them.We show the following findings : The patterns of job mobility are mainly determined by the age of the movers ; they are also influenced by the long-term employment system, the dual structure in the labor markets, and the industrial structure ; and the dual structure in the labor markets has become stronger.View full abstractDownload PDF (1966K) -
Toru Kikkawa1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 216-230
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlong with the high growth of the Japanese economy, peoples' class identification increased from relativelys “lower (class)” to “middle (class)”. About 75% of Japanese people identify themselves as “middle (class)” in 1975. However, the distribution of it has not dramatically changed since 1975.
In this paper, I apply the same liner causal model to 1975, 1985, 1995 SSM male sample, in order to examine the latent change of the status determinants in these 20 years. Using the same model, I also analyzed the female sample of 1985 and 1995 SSM. This confirms the similar tendency appeared in the male sample. All of these results suggest the following conclusions.
1) As Naoi (1979) and others have insisted, socio-economic status had little effect on class identification in 1970s'.
2) In 1980s', income as well as life satisfaction were the most significant determinants of class identification, though occupation and education did not have significant effects. This can be called the period of economic and subjective determinants.
3) In 1990s', occupation, education, income and life satisfaction have significant effects on class identification. Consequently, R square, which was only 9.3% in 1975, rose to 18.4% in 1995. This can be called the arrival at the period of the multiple determinants of class identification.View full abstractDownload PDF (1653K) -
Kazuo YAMAGUCHI1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 231-252
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the latent-class analysis and related regression models, this paper identifies the relationship between the latent classes of gender-role attitude and status/class characteristics among married Japanese women and among married American women, and compares the results between the two countries. For Japanese women, three latent classes labeled as class with traditionality, class with nontraditionality/prowork combination, and class with nontraditionality/antiwork combination are identified. For American women, class with nontraditionality, class with traditionality/compatibility combination, and class with traditionality/incompatibility combination are identified. In each case, the analysis clarifies how the status/class attributes of married women, their husbands, and their fathers affect latent-class membership. Theoretical implications of findings are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2441K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 253-259
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 260-265
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 266-268
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 268-270
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 270-271
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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[in Japanese]1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 272-274
Published: September 30, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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1999 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 274
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
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