Japanese Sociological Review
Online ISSN : 1884-2755
Print ISSN : 0021-5414
ISSN-L : 0021-5414
Volume 51, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
  • [in Japanese]
    2001 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 380-381
    Published: March 31, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Hideki TARUMOTO
    2001 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 382-397
    Published: March 31, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    What should be the most important topic for transnational sociology in the 21st century? Some cases at the end of the 20th century signify a challenge to the nation-state. Transnational sociology should propose a new citizenship model which can replace that of the nation-state. The challenge to the nation-state derives from the acceleration and diversification of international migration, emerging universal human rights and a fear of losing social integration. The alternative models, which emphasize citizenship, are incompatible with the nation-state model. Shared culture, presupposed by birth or blood, cannot legitimize a new citizenship model for the 21st century. Transnational sociological imagination is needed in order to explore whether domicile or other factors can form the basis on which a new citizenship model can be established.
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  • Interactionist Analysis in the Public Sphere on the Net
    Junya TSUTSUI, Mito AKIYOSHI
    2001 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 398-411
    Published: March 31, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Computer-mediated communication (CMC) appears to generate a truly democratic public place by allowing “interactants” to meet as equals. Conventional wisdom holds that CMC eliminates the relevance and effects of social categories involved in the differentiation of power, authority and life chances. It believes that social categories such as gender, socio-economic status, race and so on are irrelevant to social interaction on the Net since interactants are anonymous and invisible to each other, whereas the categorical attributes of individuals are inferred from the appearance of individuals and employed in face-to-face contact. In reality, the fragmentation of interest due to extreme and vehement flaming is rampant, if not dominant on the Net. The gap between the expectation and reality is explained by observing behavior in public places mediated by computers instead of focusing on its technical attributes. A closer examination of social interaction on the Net reveals that interactants attempt to establish a stable self-identity, earn prestige and authority by means of contributing ideas and knowledge to ongoing discussions. In short, interactants use the Net to do what they are already doing in traditional public places. The salient characteristics of CMC thus constructed are ultimately embodied and implemented in the specification of computer programs, and hence the structure of the Net. The potential for democratic communication does not lie in a new communication technology per se, but in the structure of public places it mediates and the ways in which people there behave.
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  • The Realities Expressed in the Monuments of the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
    Nobuo IMAI
    2001 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 412-429
    Published: March 31, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Many monuments have been constructed to commemorate the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. If a memorial represents the need to reaffirm one's ties to “a world, ” each monument is supposed to provide an image of that “world.” An analysis of the monuments shows that they are greatly influenced by the character of the various organizations and groups that constructed them. Therefore, the monuments almost appear to be linked to the duties or functions of these groups. However, two realities appeared across these organizations. At first, there is a pattern in the monuments to mourn the death of those with whom one is familiar. It expresses a spiritual feeling about death. Secondly, we often find the word “we” in the monuments. The word “we” expresses reality in a homogeneous space. Although each reality does not correspond to a particular type of group or organization, they cannot be expressed simultaneously in the one monument. The result of the research shows that the two realities are constituted through different means.
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  • Miyoko ENOMOTO
    2001 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 430-446
    Published: March 31, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Arguing about the body in the field of sociology is important in two ways : Firstly, we can obtain a viewpoint from the level of lay people's “ordinary experiences” which reflect on modernity. Secondly, we can plan to re-construct social theory which can break through the deadlock of modern knowledge that accompanies the establishment of the scientific field. Moreover, arguing about the body is equivalent to arguing about the political practice of lay people arising from their fundamental question “how do we/I live?” From this standpoint, this paper brings into question “health” -the symbolic value of which has never been challenged in modernity. For example, we can take seikatsu shukan byo (lifestyle related diseases) as a “new type of risk” in modern society. This concept works as “the symbolic token” for the ordinary experiences of lay people. For it to work, the “establishment of expert systems” is needed. By making such risk a target that one must avoid, scientific knowledge causes an overflow of advice about ordinary experiences in everyday life. Therefore, I think such a phenomenon causes lay people resort to practices that re-embed in the local context, through scientific knowledge, what their “ordinary experiences” have “dis-embedded.” Although lay people do not question the high idea of health promotion, they can make opposing knowledge easily work against instructions related to basic attitudes, which are embodied and originate in experiences. The term “body knowledge” I use in this paper means that knowledge is, in some sense, actually grounded in and shaped by the body, rather than separate from it. By looking at sociology as an “expert system, ” this paper explores sociology's new possibilities for the 21st century.
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  • Tomomi SHIBUYA
    2001 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 447-463
    Published: March 31, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this essay is to present a view and vision of feminist studies on men and masculinities through a critique of men's studies by male researchers and the studies of men by female researchers in Japan. This critique is carried out from a feminist perspective.
    To critique men's studies, we discuss four ideas presented by them : “masculinity as armor, ” “oppression on men, ” “diversity of masculinity, ” and “symmetry of men and women.” Consequently, it was revealed that men's studies do not focus on matters concerning institutions and systems as much as mentality and the individual. To critique studies by women on men, we point out the uncertainty of their “positionality.” They do not seem to consider how women study men and masculinity without the experience of being male.
    Finally we present two points based on feminist studies of men and masculinities : (1) We should focus on the advantage provided for men without regard to diversity of masculinity. (2) We should judge whether oppression against men is unrelated to their privileged position in society. According to this view, we briefly discuss the vision of feminist studies on men and masculinities.
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  • [in Japanese]
    2001 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 464-468
    Published: March 31, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (551K)
  • [in Japanese]
    2001 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 469-473
    Published: March 31, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (588K)
  • [in Japanese]
    2001 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 474-478
    Published: March 31, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (556K)
  • [in Japanese]
    2001 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 479-481
    Published: March 31, 2001
    Released on J-STAGE: October 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (343K)
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