社会学評論
Online ISSN : 1884-2755
Print ISSN : 0021-5414
ISSN-L : 0021-5414
8 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1~10を表示しています
  • 日本社会学会大会三〇周年記念講演
    綿貫 哲雄
    1958 年 8 巻 3 号 p. 2-15
    発行日: 1958/05/30
    公開日: 2009/10/20
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 日本社会学会大会三〇周年記念講演
    新明 正道
    1958 年 8 巻 3 号 p. 16-27
    発行日: 1958/05/30
    公開日: 2009/10/20
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 日本都市家族の社会学的研究序説
    布施 鉄治
    1958 年 8 巻 3 号 p. 28-51
    発行日: 1958/05/30
    公開日: 2009/10/20
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 行動過程の分析
    富永 健一
    1958 年 8 巻 3 号 p. 52-84
    発行日: 1958/05/30
    公開日: 2009/10/20
    ジャーナル フリー
    §1. The subject and methodology of this study
    Decision-making is the process of selecting such alternative open to the actor that will lead him to the intended future state of affairs. In this definition, “the intended future state of affair” is, in a word, equal to the goal of the actor.
    If we want to study the human social behaviors as the sociological phenomena, it would be very important to regard them as goal-directed behaviors. We mean by this goal directendness (1) some definite goal and (2) the path to that goal. Whereas the situations in which the actor will behave always consist of innumerable and heterogeneous elements, he must choose one from these various possibilities. Thus the behavior process will inevitably involve the process of decision-making in so far as they have goal-directendness.
    On the other side, the sociological analysis of behavior processes must not be biased in favor of the rational model nor the irrational model. “The sociological theory of behavior” dose not assume the rational behavior model such as home economics; but at the same time it does not refer to behavior processes as form less and unpredictable. Sociologists and social psychologists always think that we will be able to predict those processes by supposing some intervening sociological variables such as attitudes and roles.
    § 2.The types of behavior and of decision-making
    Vilfredo Fareto formerly distinguished two types of behavior, that is logical. However, this criteria is relatively ambiguous, because the objective and the subjective point of view never coincide with each other. Meanwhile, Max Weber composed his four types of behavior from the subject side of the actor. He thought that the means-end relations would not exist objectively but exist in the actor's perception. In this point, we can say that Weber is correct. We will call this the “phenomenological approach”. But even if the actor perceives the means-end relation, he will not be able to take definite course of action without full information about that course. Then, “the sociological theory of behavior” requires three conditions of goal-directendness as follows :
    1. The goal that is perceived and established consciously by the actor.
    2. The adequate course of action according to the path perceived by him.
    3. The common regulation principle between ego and alter.
    The various types of goal-directed behavior and corresponding decision-making will be distinguished in terms of the quantity of information acquired by actor. We can formulate these types as follows :
    §3. The process of decision- making
    Decision-making under certainty has been dealt with as the problems of “consumer's choice” by theoretical economists. Recently these analysis has been extended to the problems under risk or probability situation and the game situation by some mathematicians. These are the “formal theory of decision-making” by logical-deductive thinking, and does not depend upon empirical thinking. However, when we want to deal with the problems of decision-making under uncertainty, the logical-deductive thinking does not tell us so much. Because the less the theoretical assumptions, the less available the logical-deductive thinking. Alternatively, the empirical formulation by sociologists and social psychologists will be available in these situations. Among so many sociological generalizations, the most important thesis is that actors confronted by unknown situation develop their own definite frame of reference and expectation, which can be measured by various attitude scales.
  • 北海道漁村の事例研究
    斎藤 兵市
    1958 年 8 巻 3 号 p. 85-106
    発行日: 1958/05/30
    公開日: 2010/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    This research is described in two periods and three parts for history of fishermen's living. There are before Meiji era and After Meiji era, and (1) History of emigrants (2) History of emigrations (3) History of Complications.
    (I) History of emigrants
    (1) Before Meiji era.
    Most emigrants were the dwellers from the Tohoku districts and they came here owing to the natural calamity, famine etc, and most of them were fishermen, therefore they engaged in herring fishery in the Western Ezo districts.
    (2) After Meiji era.
    Emigrants were planned by the colonization department, most emigrants were for waste land of agriculture. They dwelling in the Eastern Ezo districts and chiefly engaged in cultivation of agricultural village.
    (II) History of emigrations
    (1) Before Meiji era
    Emigrations of Ezo districts were as follows ;
    (a) Emigration of fishery contractors (Management of fishery).
    (b) Oinishin fishermen (herring fishermen) and Nihatidori emigrants (subcontractors), (c) Ainu (Ezo fishermen) emigrants etc. These emigrations were limited only to the Western Ezo districts herring fishery. (but only C were in the Eastern Ezo and Western Ezo districts.)
    (1) After Meiji era
    Emigration in the Western Ezo districts was chiefly “labor emigrations” and in the Eastern Ezo districts “fishing ship emigrations”. Mother land of emigrant fishermen are most of the former were the fishermen from Tohoku districts (Aomori, Akita, Iwate and Yamagata) and the latter were from Hokuriku districts. (Niigata, Toyama and Ishikawa)
    (III) History of complications
    (1) Befor Meiji era
    The most notable complication concerning were as follow ;
    (a) Petitions for reduction taxes and (b) fishing of large nets (Zaruami and Okoshiami) etc. (a) were complications between feudal lord, feudal officers and fishermen, (b) were complications between contractors and fishermen.
    (2) After Meiji era
    There were some complications concerning, (a) petitions for the reduction taxes common to those before Meiji era, (b) as a concerning after Meiji era about a fishing right of admission (Iriai) and (c) about right of living for a fishermen etc. (a) were complications between government officers and fishermen. (b) were complications between mutual relation of fishermen. (c) were complications between fishing companies and fishermen. Especially (a) were an outsider of a fishing right and fishermen's cooperative association (fishing union) in today and (b) were an outsider of the labor-management relations or problems in today.
  • 金子 載
    1958 年 8 巻 3 号 p. 107-108
    発行日: 1958/05/30
    公開日: 2009/10/20
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 河村 望
    1958 年 8 巻 3 号 p. 109-122
    発行日: 1958/05/30
    公開日: 2010/02/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Someone insist upon that the extended family system is the starting point of constructive understanding on the rural community. But, to understand the lineal relationship of the center of extended family system (the “Honke”) and the extended families (the “Bunke”) in connection with the structure of rural community, I think it is not only the relationship of the controller and the controlled.
    The sense of lineal relationship changed in political and economical conditions of age, so, we must examine the conditions for that the lineal relationship was equal to the control relationship. In this work I will treat these subjects on the rural community in modern times. The study of the rural community after Meiji period require that of the extended family system in modern rural community - the group formed by lineal relationship of the “Honke” and the “Bunke”.
    I The peasantry under the feudal government system was fundamentally the “Honbyakusho” - the direct producer being liable for taxation to the landlord. The Independence of the “Bunke”, the “Nago” and the “Genin” - feudal servant belonging to large enterprise of the head of a village in middle age was the result of weakening of the individual control relationship in the village. At the same time, as the relationship was, whether it was blood relation or not, lineal relationship, the independence of the “Bunke” and the “Genin” weakened the control with the lineage. The process was that which the rural community system called as “Yakuya system” in the early modern age dissolved after middle of the age.
    II The landlord in community in modern age, provided by the change, mainly managed his farmer for himself with the family and the employed labor force. The agrarian labor force was not that of the hereditary feudal servant (“Fudai Genin”) or the slave labor. As the falling peasants could not stay in the village as the tenants for the low production power, wide relationship of the landlord and the tenant was not yet formed. The expansion of the farming landlord or the farm management for himself was possible by the slave labor of the belonging peasant leased the land. For that reason, the farming landlord expanded and strengthened the extended family system. And so the relationship of the farming landlord and its belonging peasant was formed as the lineal relationship.
    III But, being parasitic of farming landlord on one hand and the progress of the wage labor in agrarian labor on the other hand began to destroy the relationship. At the same time, the classifying in the process of establishment of the landlord system progressed on a certain looseness of the relations of commodities, and so the “Bunkes” were able to rise in the expansion of commodity production. And the relationship of the “Honke” and the “Bunke” was not the relationship of the control and dependent based on the landownership.
  • 岩井 弘融
    1958 年 8 巻 3 号 p. 123-124
    発行日: 1958/05/30
    公開日: 2009/10/20
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 個人と社会
    小林 丈児
    1958 年 8 巻 3 号 p. 124-126
    発行日: 1958/05/30
    公開日: 2009/10/20
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1958 年 8 巻 3 号 p. 127-145
    発行日: 1958/05/30
    公開日: 2009/10/20
    ジャーナル フリー
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