This research offers support for what some people have long believed; compared to older women, young mothers who have cancer, have a much more positive attitude and determination to defeat cancer. Reasons often centered on defeating cancer for the sake of their children in spite of the fear of recurrence and the uncertainty about whether they can live or not.
Participants were young mothers (mean age: 42.3 years old) and older women (mean age: 63.6 years old) with breast cancer.
Rorschach tests and written accounts were analyzed and suggest that young mothers had a strong desire to live and were more positive in attitude, and that older women, in contrast, were more fatalistic about their lives.

抄録全体を表示

This study was conducted to help clarify the relationships between the three components of the triangular theory of love (intimacy, passion, and commitment) and several aspects of intimate opposite-sex relationships (among them, behaviors and self-perceptions). In Study 1 (N=449), the Triangular Love Scale (TLS) was translated into Japanese, and the results of factor analysis revealed that several items loaded on more than one factor as found in previous researches. Thus, factor analysis was conducted again while multiple loading items were eliminated, and the results showed that the TLS containing 27 items (TLS27) formed 3 factors, which were in accordance with the theory. The results also revealed that (1) the closer the relationships were, the higher the scores on the TLS27 became, (2) the subjects reporting unrequited love had high scores on passion, as well as (3) high scores on all components of love related to the behavioral aspects of the relationships. The results of Study 2 (N=460) supported the stability of the factor structure of TLS27 obtained in Study 1. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis also supported the multidimensional 3 factor structure of TLS27 rather than a unidimensional structure. In addition, self-perceptions of participant's closest opposite-sex relationships were influenced by intimacy and passion. Especially in the case where intimacy was high, self-perceptions of the relationships were generally positive. Results were discussed in terms of the validity and future perspectives of the triangular theory of love.

抄録全体を表示

To investigate the development of olfactory preferences, a forced-choice procedure embedded in a simple task was used to 2-year-olds' (n=29) hedonic responses to two odors with those of 9 to 12-years-olds' (n=56) and those of adults' (n=29). Verbal communication abilities of 2-year-old children are immature, so to test their preferences for odors is complicated. To overcome this challenge, two physically similar boxes were prepared. f3-phenylethyl alcohol (a rose-like odor) was filled in one box and skatole was placed in the other. Infants watched an animation video in one box and the same video in the other box, and then they were asked in which box they preferred to watch the video again. The 9 to 12-years-old group and the adult group expressed a preference for the box with a rose-like odor. However, the infant group showed no preference between the rose-like odor box and the skatole odor box.

抄録全体を表示

The purpose of this study was to develop an Anger Scale for Junior High School Students. Subjects were 326 junior high school students (167 boys and 159 girls).
First, the scale (36 items) was developed from a pilot test. Factor analysis suggested a four factor solution ("Relationship with friends", "Relationship with parents", "Frustration", and "Relationship with teachers"). The scale also showed acceptable levels of reliability and validity. In addition, a related factor of anger was analyzed by using this scale. The following results were obtained:
(1) The anger level of students who feel high levels of stress is high.
(2) The anger level of students who cannot understand the lesson is high.
(3) The anger level for friends is high for students who have been bullied.

抄録全体を表示