Previous studies demonstrated that Mindfulness based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is effective for reducing rumination. However, little is known about the effectiveness of mindfulness on the process of getting worse of rumination. The present study conducted cross-sectional and 6 months longitudinal studies to replicate a previous finding that mindfulness traits buffer the influence of causal analytic rumination on uncontrollability of rumination. However, there was no evidence that mindfulness traits prevent the development of rumination. Additional analysis showed Nonreact aspects of mindfulness predicted low uncontrollability of rumination 6 months later. These results suggest that mindfulness contributes to inhibit cognitive reactivity before occurring of rumination rather than prevents worsening of rumination which already occur. We discussed the importance of subdivided examination of mindfulness and directed future studies.

Recent studies have indicated that factors affecting social anxiety are fear of positive evaluation (FPE) and self-oriented perfectionism in addition to fear of negative evaluation (FNE). This study focused on social anxiety when making speeches and presentations, and examined the effects of FNE, FPE and self-oriented perfectionism on social anxiety. A survey was conducted with high school and university students. Results indicated FNE and FPE directly increased social anxiety. Moreover, concern over mistakes (CM) indirectly increased social anxiety via FNE and FPE. Furthermore, doubting of action directly increased social anxiety and indirectly increased social anxiety via FNE. Also, CM directly increased social anxiety only in university students, whereas desire for perfection directly decreased social anxiety only in high school students.

The present research aimed to clarify what kind of emotions inexperienced human service professionals felt when exhausted, and also what the structure of these emotions was. To this end, the research used the Japanese Burnout Scale and also semi-structured interviews, through which data on burnout conditions and current states, as well as on fatigue experiences as described in the interviewees’ diaries were collected. Using qualitative analysis, the auther formulated two pillars, namely (a) “object”, i.e. towards what the interviewees feel exhaustion, and (b) “negative emotions”, i.e. what kind of negative emotions the interviewees experience. Out of the two pillars, the auther derived 11 categories, six of which refer to “object” and five–to “negative emotions”. Additionally, the cross tabulation revealed that the “negative emotions” categories didn’t correspond directly to that of “object”, thus their combination diversity represented the diversity of fatigue experience; and the number of applicable categories revealed that the tendency of experiencing “negative emotions” differed to each subject.