The Journal of Science Policy and Research Management

Manufacturing in 21st-century Asia

Yoshiya TERAMOTO

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 84-85
Published: January 31, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.22.2_84

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Asia is now generally considered to be promising as the center of world economic growth in the 21st century. In fact, the area (including India and Siberia) accounts for a half of world's population and more than 1/3 of land area on the earth ; the total GDP in the area is approaching to 1/3 of the world total. However, Asia is still far more diverse and heterogeneous than Europe and North America in terms of politics, economy and culture. ASEAN and other steps for collaboration are not yet comprehensive enough. Japan has shown less enthusiasm for this goal than China or the ASEAN countries. In addition to political relationships, therefore, development of closer economic, social and cultural links in non-government level is necessary for healthy economic growth of the area. Such links should not be limited to conventional relationships for manufacturing in a narrow sense of the word, but should include collaboration at higher levels for "co-evolution". Manufacturing in the 21st century should aim at empowering the purchasers of the products through integration of hardware, software and service development. This requires competent personnel: enhancement of human resources is a critical factor for all development.

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The Era of Global Innovation and Asia(<SPECIAL REPORTS> ASIA'S INNOVATION SYSTEMS)

Atsushi SUNAMI

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 86-87
Published: January 31, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.22.2_86

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Innovation Policy and the Reform of R&D Funding in China(<SPECIAL REPORTS> ASIA'S INNOVATION SYSTEMS)

Atsushi SUNAMI, Junko OKAYAMA, Jinping ZHAO

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 88-93
Published: January 31, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.22.2_88

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In this paper, we have examined China's effort in reforming the R&D funding system to push its technological advance further. Since the 1980s, the Chinese government has paid much attention to the importance of innovation. Especially, in "the mid-long term S&T plan" which began in 2006, indigenous innovation has been emphasized. In order to build the capability necessary for China to develop its indigenous innovation, the reform of the R&D funding system becomes an important aspect of China's innovation policy. The following three characteristics have been observed in China's R&D funding system reform: (1) The Chinese government is preparing more government funding available to the fields which are hard to rely on the market mechanism. (2) The funds supporting the basic research are managed rather flexibly, but the funds supporting more closely to the applied research or product development are managed under relatively strict control. (3) The government increases the amount of non-competitive block grants to the research institutes, if these institutions receive more competitive funds from outside sources. The balance between the government's strict control over R&D funding and the researchers' incentives to innovate is very important in designing the right system.

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Indian Innovation System : At the Crossroads(<SPECIAL REPORTS> ASIA'S INNOVATION SYSTEMS)

Rishikesha T. KRISHNAN

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 94-102
Published: January 31, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.22.2_94

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[in Japanese]

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FDI Strategies, Technological Upgrading, and Spillovers : Lessons of Thailand for Other Developing Countries(<SPECIAL REPORTS> ASIA'S INNOVATION SYSTEMS)

Patarapong INTARKUMNERD

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 103-116
Published: January 31, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.22.2_103

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[in Japanese]

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Innovation Systems in Vietnam : Toward an innovation policy for competitiveness and sustainable development(<SPECIAL REPORTS> ASIA'S INNOVATION SYSTEMS)

Ca Ngoc TRAN

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 117-125
Published: January 31, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.22.2_117

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[in Japanese]

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
2008 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 127-128
Published: January 31, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.22.2_127

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The Issues and Consideration of Regional Cluster Development in Comparison Analyses between Hamamatsu and Kobe

Shinji OKAMOTO

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 129-145
Published: January 31, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.22.2_129

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The one of most important policy in Japan is to develop the Regional Cluster for the promotion of Regional Innovations, such as based on the Second Science and Technology Plan and so on. So not only Governments, but also Regional Communities conducted many policy measures like MEXT's "Knowledge Cluster" Program, METI's "Industrial Cluster" Program, and other measures. In this article, we examine the present situation and issues of Hamamatsu Region which is characteristics of existing industry like opt-electronics and Kobe Region which is characteristics of sunrise industry like health care industry. So we compare between Hamamatsu and Kobe, as a result, we consider the issues to form and develop the Regional Cluster.

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An Analysis of Global R&D Networks by Japanese MNEs : A case study of the use of bibliometric data as overseas R&D output indicator(Superior Contribution for the 20th Anniversary)

Hideto YASUDA

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 146-166
Published: January 31, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.22.2_146

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This paper investigates the overseas R&D activities of Japanese MNEs (NEC Corp. and Canon Inc.) by using bibliometric data of their overseas R&D laboratories. Our results generally agree with the results of previous research, while Japanese MNEs has developed their overseas R&D activities during the 1990s. However our findings indicate that overseas R&D activities of Japanese MNEs has been making change from the year 2000. In NEC's overseas R&D laboratories not only the number of published papers show a tendency to decrease after 2000 but also their overseas international joint R&D activities are reducing. At the same time, it seems that Canon changed a patent application policy regarding their overseas R&D activities. Our results may indicate that overseas R&D activities by Japanese MNEs are in a hard phase both evolutionally and operationally.

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