Under the onslaught of modernization, regional uniqueness has been disappearing at an unprecedented pace. In order to solve the issue of cultural homogenization, this paper contends that the value of folk crafts in maintaining regional uniqueness should be recognized. Therefore, a research has been conducted to identify the social values of Changsha Kiln ceramics as a folk craft by probing into the unique phenomenon that Changsha Kiln ceramic products were employed as a medium for the composition of poems and proverbs to express the thoughts of ordinary people. This paper initially demonstrates the close link between the elite class and Tang Poetry and explains the reason why poetry was combined with Changsha Kiln products to form a folk ceramic art. Then it conducts an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the ceramic poems and proverbs as a folk art and the thoughts and feelings of ordinary people embodied in them. This paper concludes that the practice of ordinary people using ceramics as a medium for composing poems and proverbs to express their thoughts in ordinary life is a unique regional culture, which confirms the folkloric value of Changsha Kiln ceramics as a folk craft in maintaining regional identity.

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昭和戦前期の東京地区百貨店における新作家具展示会に出品された洋家具には、アール・デコ調、近代合理主義モダン、國風家具、様式家具、ペザント家具（農民家具）等、多様な家具スタイルが混在していた。またその家具設計者の中には戦前期・戦後期を通して活躍した人々がいた。一方、終戦直後期から高度経済成長期の東京地区百貨店の新作家具展示会では、一部に戦前の延長としての多様な家具スタイルが見られたが、全体として簡素なユティリティー家具、近代合理主義モダンの家具が比較的多く見られた。そして小住宅向け・アパート向けの簡素な量産家具が全盛になった。この百貨店専属工場で開発された新作家具の展示会は、1950 年代末頃から、家具製造業・販売業における位置が相対的に低下し始めた。代わりに欧米輸入家具展・官展・家具組合展・木製家具メーカーの個展等が百貨店各店において盛大に開催されるようになっていった。

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This study aimed to investigate the minimum sizes of traffic signs that young and elderly drivers could recognize and also to see if the distance for recognizing those signs are more than the required minimum distances of MOTC (Ministry of Transportation and Communications, R.O.C) regulation. Experiments were carried out in a laboratory. Twenty-four elderly and young subjects separately participated in the study. The method of limits was employed to find the absolute threshold. In the experiment, various traffic signs were displayed on the screen with the size enlarging from small to big until participants could recognize the sign. The size of the recognized stimulus was recorded and then transformed into visual angles. The results show that the legibility capabilities of elderly drivers are indeed poorer than young subjects. Average visual angle of elderly group is about 1.6 times of that of young group. Ideogram signs can be better recognized by all subjects compared to the pictogram ones. When at speed limit of 90 km/hr, the minimum distance for recognizing all the signs cannot satisfy the requirements of the regulation. Based on the results needed sign sizes and changing sign location are proposed.

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This study proposes acknowledging that open collaboration as the one of design activities and that the open collaboration has different features compared to the conventional, ownership-based designing activities. Initially, the cases of open collaboration projects were collected and they were divided into 3 types based on their commonalities. Among Competitive type, Hierarchical type, and Heterogeneous type, founded Heterogeneous type is the most similar to the solution generation process of conventional design activity, and thus chose it as the main object of this research. The grounded theory method, a qualitative approach, has been employed to analyze the context in which the selected 1,065 game creature designs of Spore was created by the participants of Sporepedia, as it corresponds to Heterogeneous type. The following elements turned out to be the key factors through which the participants acquire design activity: Unlimited copy and modification; the influence of "celebrities" who improve the level of design quality and participation; and collaborative activities, such as creature contest.

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When processing massive advertising messages, consumers would first select external messages through attention, read information solely for their own interests and benefits. This issue was discussed on the information receiving and cognitive processing phase. Keeping track of how consumers receive advertising messages effectively is a rather important subject for advertising strategy practitioners. This study employed eye movement analysis method to examine how people receive all sorts of complex advertising messages. A total of forty-five various types of commercial images were selected as image samples. In order to understand viewers' message receiving process while reading images, participants were requested to express what emotion was aroused after viewing each image. Study results indicated that there were ten common visual behavioral characteristics while reading images and six common characteristics in the sequence of gaze positions. These results reflected individuals' strategies and behaviors in message receiving while reading images.

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The current study aimed to clarify the fundamental similarities and differences in diverse and integrative learning of professional education at undergraduate level between Japanese and overseas universities. A comparative study was done through a collection of the product design curriculums from 25 sample universities in Japan, Korea, China, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands. From the study, university and industry in Japan appeared to adopt different roles in the education of undergraduates as compared to the oversea samples. Secondly, the Japanese and Korean samples seemed to favor a more diverse and flexible study of professional education. While the European and Chinese samples seemed to favor a more rigid curriculum structure. Thirdly, two general frameworks for integrative learning of professional education content seemed to be adopted among the sample universities.

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The study evaluated the accuracy ratio, identification time and difficulty level of simultaneous recognition in multiple graphic warning symbols. Twelve graphic warning symbols originally displayed on escalators were used as stimulants in the experiment to compare the variables between the participants who were divided into two groups, based on their "high" and "low" degree of familiarity. The experiment shows: Familiarity provides an impact on accuracy ratio and difficulty level. The higher degree is better than the lower. In terms of difficulty level, perception is easier for higher degree of familiarity. However, no significant differences are caused with identification time. According to accuracy ratio, the number of multiple graphic symbols is limited to no more than four. Meanwhile, hazard degree is taken into account before selecting important warnings which can thus be actually put into effect. Accidents may consequently be avoided.

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The "redundancy" in ideating a storyboard of character animation is investigated in this study. Three practical experts are experimented to ideate a storyboard of short character animation by empirical research to find the existence of redundancy and its use in ones ideation. The Act One of Midsummer Night's Dream is taken as the script to ideate to be a storyboard. The redundancy is an idea unit with repetition and familiarity that includes audience's common experience to catch most popular approvals. It is found that the idea with repetition and familiarity (i.e. redundancy) really exists in experts' ideation of storyboard, resulted by the protocol analysis and linkography. The quantity of redundancy that the experts used is indefinite to complete ones ideation of storyboard and it shows a suitable contiguity, reflects the theme, to communicate with audience deeply; and not to be overloaded in audience's visual memories.

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現在，医療サービスにおいて利用者のユーザビリティの最適化はいまだ途上にあり，今後の医療サービスを形づくるにあたっては，デザイナーやデザイン研究者などデザイン分野の専門家による取り組みが必要ではないかと考える。
本研究では，医療サービスの中で特に「薬剤の服用」を事例として取り上げ，現在の薬剤服用環境における課題についてユーザビリティの観点から考察するべく，アンケートによる調査を行った。また，調査結果に対して主成分分析による解析を実施し，よりよい薬剤服用環境を考えるにあたって利用者の視点から見た重要点を抽出し，課題解決のための設計指針として活用するよう試みた。
解析の結果，7 つの主成分が明らかになり，これらを設計因子としてデザインモデルを制作した。完成したデザインモデルの有用性について比較調査を行ったところ，従来モデルと比べてデザインモデルの使い勝手や印象が改善したとの結果が出た。このことから，課題解決という目標に対してデザインモデルが一定程度の有用性を備えていることを示すことができた。

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日本各地に残されている古い染め型紙の多くは染色工所の廃業などにより散逸している現状にあり、型紙の調査、収集、整理、保存が各地で進められている。それらの型紙資料は劣化が進んでおり容易に扱うことができないため、既往の研究では型紙をデジタル化し、機械彫刻を用いて修復保存の検討もなされている。本研究では型紙を物理的に修復する分野に着目し、刃先の向きに関係なく自由に模様を制作できる方法を提案した。本稿ではレーザー加工に適した型地紙素材及びレーザー加工制作方法による模様の再現精度、及び染め上がりの検討を行った。その結果、機械彫刻に比較して、非接触で加工する手法を用いるとともに加工素材の面でも合成型紙を採用することにより、格段に細かい模様の表現が可能であることが明らかになった。

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療養環境を改善するためのホスピタブルアートの活動について検討することを目的として，画像鑑賞と描画作業の体験による気分の変化を気分プロフィール検査（Profile of Mood States; POMS）短縮版によって評価し，刺激前後における気分の差を比較する。本研究では，描画作業をハンズオンと定義する。「落ち着く，安心な，リラックスした，おだやかな，快い，好きな」「おもしろい，興味のある，個性的な，刺激のある」「にぎやかな，陽気な」の評価が大きい画像を鑑賞することで，POMS尺度の「緊張－不安」「抑うつ－落ち込み」「怒り－敵意」「活気」「疲労」「混乱」が有意に低下した。画像鑑賞後に，好みの画像を基に自由に描画するハンズオンを体験することで，「緊張－不安」「抑うつ－落ち込み」「怒り－敵意」「疲労」「混乱」は低下した状態を保ち，「活気」は有意に上昇した。療養環境改善のためのホスピタブルアートとして，アート鑑賞やアートワークショップ活動の有効性が示唆された。

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Related topics of mobile phones have been widely studied by researchers of design sciences. The message is one of the most important functions for a mobile phone. In this paper, a visual perception study for design of message icons on mobile phones is given by questionnaire investigation, and neural-network modeling and predicting. This study includes two parts, i.e., (1) questionnaire investigation, and (2) neural-network modeling and prediction. In the first part, the participants' visual perception of message icons for mobile phones is investigated by experiments, questionnaires and statistical analyses. In general, such investigation work is very heavy and time-consuming. This then motivates us to develop efficient tools for modeling and predicting such a problem. In the second part, investigated results of the first part are modeled and predicted by neural networks. The investigation results of the first part are consistent with existing studies. The programming results of the second part show that the neural network can well model and accurately predict the investigated results in the first part. With the help of neural networks, one can well model and accurately predict the full investigation information from only part of the investigated results. Of great importance, the neural network can reduce the investigation efforts and still obtain almost the same results as the original full investigation.

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