Applying movement to products has emerged as a new design challenge due to the development of embodied computing technology and a design paradigm shift for affective user experience. Regarding the human sense-making tendencies, movement design for products can be expected to provide life-like qualities such as intentions, emotions and social relationships. In advance of the development of such products, this study seeks to clarify the universal knowledge of users by conducting two surveys. In Survey one, the pros and cons of moving products are envisioned by designers. Then, in Survey two, 12 cases of moving products are evaluated by users for a factor analysis. As a result, four dimensions of users' affective expectations toward moving products were identified. These were Goal Fulfillment, Rich Expression, Faithful Relationship, and Intelligence. By looking into the 12 cases with this framework, we can explain how users make sense of the human-like qualities of various moving products. The resulted knowledge of this study provides designers with structured perspectives as to interpreting and foreseeing potential acceptance of moving products.

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In spite of its important function and strong influence in society, specified approaches for security document design has not been achieved because of its unique developmental environment and the nature of its products. To establish useful and effective security design strategies, the relationship between the product and various stakeholders as well as the essential function of the security document should be considered cooperatively. The major functions and consequent viewpoints of the security document can be defined as an essential commodity, an aggregation of technologies for deterring counterfeit, and a collective identity. A security document should protect information and should also let public users easily certify its genuineness. Taking this into consideration, this study premised the essential attribute as the balance between contrary requirements, and established design strategies along three viewpoints of a security document, based on a two-way symmetric communication model which is framed by two factors, interactivity and persuasiveness.

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In terms of finding skill related knowledge on informative websites, the users' impression on first use significantly affects their experience with any given learning website. This article attempts to explore the factors affecting user impression and the major layout types of webpage used in web-based learning system. This study implemented surveys, comprised of three questionnaires, concerning popular websites, semantic adjectives for describing websites and user first impression. A total of 260 college students participated in the study. Factor analysis and multidimensional scaling were used to derive the main factors of user impression and major layout types of webpage. The results showed three major factors affecting user impression were, pleasure, arousal, and readability. Moreover, three webpage types of web-based learning systems were established, graphics type, informative type, and both graphics and information type; these types closely relate to two dimensions of favorability and content richness.

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The objective of the present study is to identify guidelines for the design of a raised bed for gardening activities conducted together by senior citizens. The experiment was planned assuming work in a standing posture. Circular raised beds with rims of three different widths and a height of 76 cm were prepared, and 38 subjects made 6 types of body movements imitating gardening work while in a standing posture. The following results were obtained. (1) It is thought to be desirable to install a rim with a variable width of up to 20cm. (2) Based on their average stature, a rough estimate of the distance up to which work is possible by senior citizens is thought to be about 60 cm from the front edge of the rim of the raised bed. (3) It is desirable to select a material for the rim of the raised bed that is suitable for supporting the body with the hands. Furthermore, the front edge of the rim needs to be shaped such that work can be done while the pelvis or thigh(s) are in contact with it without hurting the body.

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This paper presents the research on how respondents perceive brand, old logo, new logo and product personalities. The purpose of this research was to find if brand personality corresponds to old logo personality, especially to new logo personality and to product personality of the same company. It can be a benefit for a company if brand personality corresponds to logo and product personalities. The Brand Personality Scale with 15 factors was used to evaluate four different personalities of seven Japanese electronic companies. The results, visualized in the form of graded polar charts, showed that respondents perceived brand, old logo, new logo and product of the same company differently. Moreover, the mean values of all the answers for the 5 key dimensions of Brand Personality Scale revealed that in case studies of seven companies, the brand personality does not correspond with old logo personality, new logo personality and product personality. These findings inspired to investigate further and find which personality factors have the biggest difference in perception of brands, old logos, new logos and product.

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This research is focused on the idea to use the texture of eco-material as a logo design element to promote the eco-image of company. The combination of texture of eco-material and shape of logo could increase the possibilities for logo to convey the message to the customers about company's environmental commitment. The application of textures in logo design has not received enough attention; therefore this topic is relevant and interesting for this research. The purpose of research is to find out which textures of eco-materials could team up with new logo design to express the eco-image of company. The selected six textures of eco-materials together with six logos of well-known Japanese car manufactures were used in experiment. The results of experiment revealed that Leaf, Wood and Bamboo are the best textures of eco-materials to use for logo design to express eco-image. The findings from this research could support the concept of using textures of eco-materials in logo design and could be used as a direction for further research.

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Music is an important aspect of most people's life. Many studies have pinpointed the effects of music in different areas. In this study, the authors aim to explore the views designers have in regard to the effects of music in association to design processes. To achieve this goal, designers first underwent a semi-structured interview. Then a total of 538 questionnaire surveys were disseminated to design students, professional designers and design managers. Major findings from the study are: 1) Most subjects get used to listening to music in their design activities, and there are close interactions between designers and music. 2) Most subjects claimed a positive effect from listening to music, an activity which they considered to be greatly helpful in the idea development stage. 3) Subjects were in high agreement that listening to specific music helps to trigger special associations. 4) Most subjects claimed that music types are related to product design styles. For example, opera and vocal music is more likely to trigger associations to luxurious style.

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This paper intends to analyze the effect of design management on business performance quantitatively, focusing on firms receiving international design awards, which are supposed to represent their competitive design. First, we conduct a traditional performance study concerning stock and financial indices in Japan to offer the geographical complement to predecessors focusing on other areas. However, the findings from these methods are not always reliable because it entails methodological defects in itself. Thus, secondly, an event study is implemented in order to complement the results of the performance study. It can be said not only to hold a high level of reproducibility and objectivity, but also to help us exclude practically all the effects of factors other than design. We also conduct a performance study as for the same samples and investigate the results. Following the method of event study, we can conclude that effective design management has a positive impact on enterprise value.

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In design field, it is crucial for designer to understand consumer interest, in order to build emotional connection between consumers and products. Physiological signals can be used for understanding consumer feelings and can be corresponded with consumer oral responses. In this study, an emotion recognition experiment was conducted for understanding the subjects' emotional responses by using dragon caricatures as stimuli. FaceReader, the automatic facial expression recognition software, was applied to measure the subjects' emotions, and to overcome the difficulties and possible bias in manual recognition. The result combines 120 subjects' facial expression recognition and verbalized contexts, suggesting that (1) caricature design can affect the subjects' emotions by its characteristics. (2) Cultural elements build emotional connections between the subjects and the images. (3) The subjects are more willing to show their emotions while expressing feelings than viewing images. It is expected that this study can help designers to build communication with consumers and to link design with consumer interests to promote marketing activities.

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The demand of wood is increasing, but the supply is limited, on the contrary, there are amount of potential young teaks (Tectona grandis L.f.) from thinning of teak plantations that could contribute to meet this demand. During the time from planting until harvesting (rotation age), a number of young teak trees, which comprise mostly sapwood, are felled regularly due to the thinning to stimulate the better growth of the remaining teak trees in the plantations. There are at least 1.2 million hectares of teak plantations in Java, Indonesia, and 3.146 million hectares in other countries. In one of the teak plantations, for 1 hectare with the average site quality and the rotation age of 40 years, from 1,769 5-year-old teak trees will be felled regularly during the rotation age until 277 39-year-old teak trees remain at harvesting. From this study, consider the significant amount of young teaks from the thinning is available, it is necessary to utilize these potential material become suitable products by taking the advantage of its properties and prominent characteristics, e.g. border patterns and lighter color of the sapwood, to enhance its utilization and value.

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Accidents are a constant threat to the lives of children; therefore, discerning warning signs has become an important indicator of safety education. Children can understand the meaning of warning pictograms only through clear illustration. Because preschool children are accident prone, this study targets on preschool children ages form 4 to 6 and their recognition of warning pictograms and color. This study used a questionnaire to determine children's understanding of warning pictograms and color; and interview method was conducted with the subjects to verify the extent of their comprehension. The results reveal that preschool children's understanding of warning pictograms is tightly linked with their life experience and age. Most of the preschool children were able to recognize palm and triangle frame images, and "red" color as indicating warning. The differences among "palm", "cross", and "skull" images achieved statistical significance among three age groups; 4 and 5-year-olds children recognized "palm" the most as a prohibit sign, whereas 6-year-olds children recognized "cross" the most.

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Under the concept of "Ageing in Place," the local needs and restraints of time-banking systems in current Taiwanese communities were explored and investigated for future implementation of an optimal time-banking system suitable for the social and cultural environment. Protocol analyses were applied in this research to identify different conceptual structures among the focus groups who were interviewed based on the methodology of user-centered research. Some possible solutions for conducting time-banking operations were suggested by the subjects through their interviews. A. Community base, and promote mass participation: for more opportunities for elderly to make use of their expertise, establish value in life, and positively contribute to the larger environment would substantially decrease; B. Appoint a trustworthy third party: a well-organized system is needed, together with a team or group with high public credibility to operate and manage it. C. Expand the meaning and value of reciprocity: the mentality of one-way dedication contribution by volunteers was still emphasized in Taiwan's existing time banks. The fundamental intentions and features of time banks, including mutual sharing and support, mechanisms of reciprocity, participants' growth, and the coming up of more creative ways to operate the system, should be fully manifested in future. These findings would help to develop a collaborative and informational social group consisting of communities would facilitate time-banking operations and, in turn, successful ageing in near future.

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The purpose of the present study was to objectively demonstrate similarity in factor structure, regarding evaluation of impressions, between fonts and package designs in packaging, by testing factorial invariance using structural equation modeling. We asked 228 college students and 75 members of the community to answer a questionnaire, which included 12 items concerning their impressions of four kinds of Japanese font and four kinds of tea beverage package design, to be rated on seven-point scales using semantic differential method. Structural equation modeling showed that with regard to evaluation of impressions, factorial invariance was established in factor structure between fonts and package designs. In conclusion, our results indicate that structural equation modeling is a valuable technique to analyze similarity of components in packaging.

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