Soil Microorganisms
Online ISSN : 2189-6518
Print ISSN : 0912-2184
ISSN-L : 0912-2184
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Volume 23
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 23 Pages 1-7
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.23.0_1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Ecology, Disease Development and Control of Fusarium Basal Rot of Onions Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae(HANZ.) SNYDER & HANSEN
    Fujio KODAMA, Izumi SAITO
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 23 Pages 9-14
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.23.0_9
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In Japan most farmers apply the transplanting method for onion crops. Fusarium basal rot occurs in nursery bed, main field and seed farm. The typical symtom of the disease is wilt of leaves and browning of stem-plate. The present work aimed at both ecological study on the ontbreak of the disease and the method of prevention of the disease. The causal fungus,F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, was isolated in high frequency from symptomless stem-plate as well as browning one. Histological observation showed that the fungus entered into the stem-plate through the dead tissues attached among roots or dead roots. The disease was controlled by dipping of seedlings or mother onions in aqueous solution of "Benlate-50% W.P."
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  • The outbreak of Japonaria laminata (ATTEMS) (Diplopoda) in Central Japan
    Keiko NIIJIMA
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 23 Pages 15-18
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.23.0_15
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The outbreak of J. laminata was reported in the mountainous region of Central Japan, especially along Koumi line of the National Railways, in the autumn of 1976. This species is endemic in Japan and locates in Kanto and Chubu district. The obstruction of trains by J. laminata has recorded since 1920. The outbreak population consists of adult male and female. They eat fermented litter, hibernate in the forest soil of 10-30cm deep, copulate and lay eggs in the next June, and die. The eggs hatch within a month. The larvae eat soil, hibernate, and moult in the next summer. Then, they moult once a year, and become adults after 7th moult. The larvae live in the soil layer and appear on the ground surface just after becoming adults. Namely, it is highly probable that the next outbreak of J. laminata will occur in 8th year from the last one, if there is no drastic changes of climate and environment would happen during larval stage. According to the above aspect, the past records were arranged, and it was found that the outbreak of J. laminata has happened 8 years interval in Nagano region, including Koumi line.
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  • Control of Tomato Corky Root Disease
    Hitoshi MORITA, Kaneaki HORI
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 23 Pages 19-21
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.23.0_19
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Corky root disease of tomato grown semi-forcingly was not effectively controlled by soil sterilization with such fumigants like chloropicrin and methyl bromide before transplanting but was effectively controlled by the grafting culture using resistant variety as KNVF. The roatation combined with paddy farming decreased the incidence of the disease. In rhizosphere, low level population of microorganisms was found by paddy farming in summer season. Solar-heating in summer was especially effective for the control of the disease. This treatment decreased remarkablly the population density of fungi. The incidence of the disease was decreased half by the application of non-composted organic matter.
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  • Studies on Aerobic Cellulose Decomposers in Paddy Soils with Special Reference to Counting Methods and the Soil Sampling Procedure
    Takashi SOMEYA, Choseki FURUSAKA
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 23 Pages 23-31
    Published: December 15, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.23.0_23
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Counting methods of aerobic cellulolytic microorganisms in paddy soils and the random soil sampling procedure were examined. The CMC agar plate method gave higher counts than other methods such as the MPN method and the cellulose powder agar plate method. The coefficients of variation in the numbers of aerobic cellulose decomposers for five soil samples (each 500ml) were less than 25%, indicating that five soil samples in a plot may be enough to study their population dynamics in paddy soils. The differences in the numbers and compositions of aerobic cellulose decomposers between unmanured and manured plots were studied and the suitability of both the counting method using CMC agar medium and the random soil sampling procedure was comfirmed. These results demonstrate that the CMC agar plate method provides the direct detection of cellulose decomposers in soils and that, therefore, it enables more quantitative and qualitative studies than those hitherto carried out by using enrichment cultures for isolating them.
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