Soil Microorganisms

[title in Japanese]

Y. Amemiya

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 1-
Published: April 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.59.1_1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (276K)
Persistence of viability of a cyanobacterial aggregate (Ishikurage) formed by Nostoc sp. in response to physical and chemical stresses

Kazuhira Yokoyama, Nobuyuki Kohno, Takuya Marumoto

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 3-7
Published: April 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.59.1_3

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Ishikurage is the jelly aggregate formed by desiccation-tolerant cyanobacteria, Nostoc sp. In the present study, we examined the persistence of the viability of Ishikurage in response to physical and chemical stresses that would arise in the process of manufacturing to materials for reforestation. Wet Ishikurage lost its photosynthetic activity during storage under dark conditions. Growth of Ishikurage was delayed under low temperature conditions, while the photosynthetic activity was not affected. Photosynthesis was maintained when Ishikurage was soaked in buffer solutions adjusted between pH 3 to 9. When wet Ishikurage was strongly homogenized, the photosynthetic activity decreased. During the rewetting process, the activity did not differ among fractions of several sizes prepared by homogenization and sieving of air - dried Ishikurage. Except for the size fraction smaller than 1 mm, Ishikurage placed on soil surface inhibited desiccation of the underlying soil. These findings could provide major data for manufacturing processes.

View full abstract

Download PDF (723K)
Suppression of bacterial wilt of tomato by incorporation of municipal biowaste charcoal into soil

Miho Nerome, Koki Toyota, Tajul MD Islam, Takanori Nishijima, Tomoo Ma ...

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 9-14
Published: April 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.59.1_9

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Effect of soil treatment with municipal biowaste charcoal (MBCha) on bacterial wilt of tomato was examined under growth chamber and field conditions. Disease incidence of tomato plants grown in Ralstonia solanacearum-infested soil was lower in the soil amended with MBCha than in the non-amended soil and the soil treated with wood charcoal. Disease suppression by the MBCha treatment was likewise observed in two other soils and pumice culture. Optimum effect on the disease suppression and tomato growth was observed when MBCha was applied at the rate of 20% (v/v). In addition, field tests for MBCha amendment confirmed the constant disease-suppressive effect for 3 months. These results suggested that MBCha may be useful for suppressing bacterial wilt of tomato. The suppression mechanism of MBCha was attributed to the presence of Ca-compounds as well as to physical, chemical and biological factors.

View full abstract

Download PDF (770K)
Suppressive mechanisms of bacterial wilt in tomato plants grown in repeatedly used pumice

Tomoo Matsuoka, Koki Toyota, Kazuo Sato, Kazunari Masuda, Tetsuo Kurod ...

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 15-20
Published: April 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.59.1_15

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

We identified the microorganisms involved in the suppression of bacterial wilt in tomato plants grown in pumice which had been used for 13 years for continuous hydroponic culture. The results of the substrate-induced respiration inhibition method indicated that bacteria may be the predominant microorganism communities in the used pumice. Fifty bacterial colonies were isolated from tomato roots grown in the used pumice and their inhibition of the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum was tested in tomato root exudates as first screening. Five isolates selected in the first screening were inoculated to new pumice infested with the pathogen as second screening. Only one isolate, designated as Burkholderia sp. W3, effectively suppressed the disease. While the suppressive effect of the used pumice was lost by autoclaving, it recovered by the inoculation of the W3 strain. The incidence of bacterial wilt in the new pumice also decreased by the inoculation of the W3 strain, and the suppressiveness of the W3 strain was enhanced by the addition of glucose. Bacterial community structure of tomato roots was compared between the used and new pumice by PCR-DGGE analysis. The banding patterns were different between the two types of pumices. The band corresponding to the W3 strain was observed in the used pumice, but not in the new pumice. These results suggest that the W3 strain is involved in the suppression of bacterial wilt of tomato by the used pumice.

View full abstract

Download PDF (934K)
Bioaugmentation efficiency in two different 3-chlorobenzoate-contaminated soils

Takanori Oomori, Sho Morimoto, Takayoshi Watanabe, Takeshi Fujii, Akir ...

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 21-25
Published: April 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.59.1_21

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

We evaluated the ability of bioaugmentation for the 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB)-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas putida KC8 to enhance the degradation of 3-CB in two different soils. One soil sample taken from the plow layer of a vegetable field in Ehime prefecture and the other taken from the subsoil of an orchard near the vegetable field, were treated with 3-CB (500mg kg^<-1> soil). The 3-CB- contaminated soils were inoculated with KC8 and incubated at 28℃ for 20 days. During the incubation, the degradation of 3-CB and population dynamics of KC8 were monitored. In the vegetable field soil, since KC8 persisted and enhanced 3-CB degradation, the rate of 3-CB degradation almost doubled. In contrast, in the orchard subsoil treated with 3-CB, the population of KC8 rapidly decreased and 3- CB degradation was not observed at all. It is interesting to note that in the absence of 3-CB in the orchard subsoil, KC8 persisted suggesting that some mechanisms associated with the 3-CB treatment in the orchard subsoil objected the growth of KC8. The results indicate that bioaugmentation efficiency may be considerably influenced by soil types.

View full abstract

Download PDF (714K)
Factors involved in the suppression of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by soil reduction

Noriaki Momma, Toshiyuki Usami, Yoshimiki Amemiya, Masahiro Shishido

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Published: April 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.59.1_27

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Effect of soil reduced conditions on the survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) was studied. The number of conidia and chlamydospores of Fol decreased significantly by soil amendment with wheat bran followed by flooding and covering of the soil surface with a transparent plastic film (wheat bran-amended solarization). However, steam pasteurization of the soil cancelled this disinfestation effect by maintaining the population of the pathogen propagules, suggesting that biotic factors indigenous to the soil contributed to the effect. The changes in Eh, FDA hydrolysis and microflora of the soil subjected to wheat bran-amended solarization suggested that the soil bacterial communities, especially facultative anaerobes, negatively influenced the survival of the pathogen propagules. On the other hand, some unique bands were revealed by the PCR-DGGE technique applied to the soil subjected to wheat bran-amended solarization, implying that a shift of the bacterial community structure or increase in the number of some dominant bacterial groups may specifically contributed to the decrease of the number of pathogen propagules.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1062K)
Uptake of extracellular DNA fragments by Ralstonia solanacearum in the process of phenotype conversion from fluidal to afluidal colony formation

Kazuhira Yokoyama, Takayuki Ogawa

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 35-39
Published: April 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.59.1_35

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

A study was conducted to analyze the relationship between phenotype conversion from fluidal to afluidal colony formation (EPS^- conversion) and uptake of extracellular DNA fragments during the logarithmic growth phase of Ralstonia solanacearum. Before spreading the bacteria on the Hara and Ono's medium, we cultured the bacterial strains under the conditions inducing EPS^- conversion in the presence of extracellular DNA such as pUC18 or a fragment of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amo) that was not harbored by the bacterium. The frequency of the EPS^- conversion increased by the addition of pUC18, regardless of the digestion by DNase I. However, the frequency of the development of ampicillin-resistant (Amp^r) colonies was considerably lower than that of the EPS^- conversion. The pUC18-dependent transformation to Amp^r was not detected. With the amo fragment as an extracellular DNA, we determined the efficiency of DNA uptake by Southern hybridization with an amo probe. At maximum, half of the EPS^- colonies tested reacted positively with the amo probe, whereas the frequency remained lower in the case of EPS^+ colonies. These findings clearly showed that the conditions inducing the EPS^- conversion also promoted the DNA uptake by R. solanacearum cells.

View full abstract

Download PDF (677K)
Estimation of microbial biomass in Ando soils by ATP measurement using a handy luminometer

Masakazu Aoyama

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 41-44
Published: April 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.59.1_41

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

Download PDF (538K)
Autecological study of soil-borne plant pathogens in soil-Examples of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani and Ralstonia solanacearum

Koki Toyota

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 45-52
Published: April 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.59.1_45

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

Download PDF (1315K)
Questionnaire survey report of the 50th anniversary in establishment

M. Shishido, C. Arie, Y. Katayama, M. Nishiyama, T. Fujii

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 53-61
Published: April 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.59.1_53

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (1309K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 63-
Published: April 01, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18946/jssm.59.1_63

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (433K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!