[in Japanese]

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the demands for careers of students at specialized colleges. Through the analysis on quantitative date and interviews, following points become clear. First, students at specialized training colleges determine to go on to their colleges on their own concrete designs for careers. Second, their demands for careers are based on concrete effectiveness in the aspects of both means and subsistence.

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In the People's Republic of China, it was decided in 1999, that a new course, "Technology" would be introduced into general high schools' curricula in 2004. In April, 2003, the national standards of "Technology" was published. The purpose of this paper is to examine the social nature of this new course "Technology", by analyzing its national standards with considering the articulation between "Technology" for general high schools and "Work and Technique" for general middle schools. As a result, it is concluded that the new "Technology" course is not as common education for all Chinese but is as general education for students who will be leaders of coming China within the context of the educational policies for promoting the social stratification of youth.

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The Model Series by Otto Salomon was developed from the stage of "Model collections I" (1876) which composed from teaching materials used in sloyd schools at that time in Sweden to "Model collections II" (1880) which added the procedure to them. Then, the number of models were limited to 50, and "Model series I" was published in 1882. Since the late 1880s Salomon researched and analysed the work process and built up "Model series II" with "exercise" as a basic unit. "Model series II" was published in 1888. Later "Simplified Model series" with reduced 40 models was made. "Model series III" reflected the social change by industrialization was composed. Not only models but also the textbook for pupils reading technical drawings to make them was edited at the same time. It was a change of teaching method from with using only models to with using models and technical drawings.

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Railroads are the facility for passenger travel and freight transport that has advantages in speedy and mass transport and low environmental load. But, the features that bring about these advantages and possibilities and risks of serious accidents form two sides of the same coin. As railroads have latent risks for accidents, many safety measures are taken in facility and human aspects. Although an accident in a railroad happens only in seldom cases, once it happens, it incurs heavy loss. In resent years, human errors are focused as a cause of a serious accident. It is important for safety management to identify and encourage critical behavior for securing the safety. Based on study on occurrence mechanism of an accident and hearing survey on the train operating or dispatching staff, safety behaviors have been tried to be identified. As a result, "highly accuracy confirmation" has been identified as a main safety behavior. It is considered that this behavior should be promoted with emphasis.

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Recently, a system called sandwiches education is adopted in the university and junior college of Taiwan. This is the educational system which KHC adopted for the first time in Taiwan. By success of sandwiches education, the university in which a sightseeing department of study is established newly increased rapidly. And the universities which adopt sandwiches education have also increased in number. In this paper, the contents of sandwiches education are introduced first. Moreover, the present condition of the sandwiches education which passed through ten years is also introduced.

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The purpose of this study is to develop the new name of "Vocational High School (Shilupgae Godeunghakyo in Korean)" so that it can remove the stigma attached to the word "vocational (Shilupgae)". To achieve this purpose, an extensive analysis of a questionnaire survey and expert meetings were conducted. Major findings of this study are as follows: (1) In order to remove the stigma attached to vocational high school, we suggest changing both the "Vocational High School" and "Other Specialized High School (Gitagae Godeunghakyo in Korean)" name. It would be more effective if "Vocational High School" and "Other Specialized High School" were joined together. (2) "Jeonmungae High School (which means 'specialized high school')" is a more suitable name than "Teugseonghwa High School (which means 'specific high school')". The reasons are that 1) 'special' is opposed to 'general' as a concept, 2) the important feature that "Vocational High school" and "Other Specialized High School" have in common is that they both focus on the 'specialized curriculum', while "General High School" focuses on the "general curriculum". (3) "Jeonmun high school" is more suitable than "Jeonmungae high school". The reason is that 'Jeonmun' is a simpler word than 'Jeonmungae'. This study suggests that "Jeonmun high school" is the best name we can use in order to show the integration of "Vocational High School" into "Other Specialized High School".

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