This article tries to clarify the outline of the formation, development and proposes some challenges for researches of industrial (Sangyo) and vocational education and training, focusing on the academic attainments of book publications by researchers in these fields. We use the concept of vocational education and training, when we objectify some vocational preparative trainings in secondary and higher education institutions in spite of difference of administrative competences, and the word "industrial education", called "Sangyo-Kyoiku" in Japan, is generally used if we include pre-vocational, technology education and in-company training adding to vocational education and training. Analyses and reviews are made concerning identifying works individualities, accumulations and systematization, formation and expansion of researchers and institutionalization of two disciplines. Results of analyses and critical reviews showed the necessity of researches of higher vocational education as the first challenge in the near future, although there are so many attainments in such fields as technology education, secondary vocational education and vocational training etc. Second, on the one hand, such approaches as analyses of system and curriculum and transition issues have been positively studied, but administrative and financial studies industrial and vocational education are not enough developed on the other hand. Finally, we have to point out the necessity of empirical researches and methods such as field study, questionnaire and deep interview surveys.

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This paper aims to clarify the experience and quality of teaching staff, and the functional differentiation of teacher organization in higher vocational education in china. This paper is focused on, questionnaires of full-time teachers in higher vocational education and interviews of institutions. In conclusion, the author analyzes the characteristic of higher vocational education's teaching staff and teacher organization as follows. Firstly, the author finds that dual-qualified teaching staff and general teachers have a different in composition of their ages and their specialties. And not all of dual-qualified teaching staff meet the qualifications that are requested by policy. Secondly, according to teachers' different qualities, there is a division of the functions, and they have a difference in learning experience and occupational experience during their works. Thirdly, according to teachers' different qualities, there is a division of labor on lesson, lecture and practice between dual-qualified teaching staffs, general teachers and part-time teachers in their organization. Dual-qualified teaching staffs can be in charge of lecture and practice. General teachers are mostly in charge of basic and special knowledge. On the other side, part-time teachers are mostly in charge of most-advanced and application.

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The employment placement conducted by schools (EPCS) is one of the characteristic system of the transition for youths from school to work in Japan after the World War II. In our previous study, we analyzed the process of the partial revision of Employment Security Law (ESL) in 1949, which institutionalized the EPCS, and pointed out the following facts : (1) EPCS wasn't self-evident under the original ESL, and there were some cases charged as the violations of the law, and (2) Both of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Labor recognized the necessity to establish the qualification of personnel for EPCS in the earlier terms of the revising process of ESL and during diet deliberations. But the revised ESL had no provisions on it. Its reasons still remains unknown. This paper aims to clarify the process and the historical significance of establishment of the vocational guidance teacher's license forjunior and senior high schools in Japan, by analyzing the process of enactment of the Educational Personnel Certification Law (EPCL) in 1949. As the result, we can point out the following three points. (1) It was undertaken by the deliberation of enactment of the EPCL that the problem concerning the qualification of personnel for EPCS, which was recognized as an important matter in the deliberation process of partial revision of the ESL in 1949. (2) The establishment of vocational guidance teacher's license for junior and senior high schools was one of the products of the arguments on the qualification of personnel for EPCS as the result of partial revision of the ESL above mentioned. (3) These legal actions institutionalized the frame of reference which regarded EPCS as a part of vocational guidance based on educational viewpoints.

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The existing OJT method for implementing scheduled OJT needs a great labor force for the analysis for making a detailed plan. Therefore, it doesn't popularize. This report proposes the Rapid OJT method for the manufacture work place and shows the result of having applied it. The Rapid OJT method omits detailed analysis. Nevertheless, I aim at that the method can carry out scheduled OJT and it is accepted in a working places people. In this example, Rapid OJT method is being accepted in OJT coach. However, dissatisfaction still remains in the administrator. Continuous support is needed in order that such a method is popularized through a working place.

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