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Volume 34 (1993)
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Volume 34, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Kazuaki MiyataArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 1-27
Published: June 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the rapid approach of the twenty-first century, the era of an aged society, we are now being asked to reform the social welfare system. In 1990, eight laws concerning the social welfare system were amended. To what extent has the system been reformed as a result of the amendment? The main social welfare problem in the 1950s was poverty. In the 1960s, owing to economic growth, the standard of living improved somewhat. However, because people's lifestyles underwent big changes, a new kind of life problem began to emerge. The demand for social welfare services became large, and from the late 1960s to the early 1970s, social welfare institutions such as homes for the elderly and facilities for the handicapped had increased in number. However, from the mid 1970s, when the Japanese economy began to show a decline in growth, the financial situation of the Nation was aggravated by the recession. At that time, "reconsideration of social welfare" was stressed to reduce the Nation's financial burden. In the 1980s, the pension system and the health insurance system were reformed. Roles and share of expenses between central government and local public bodies were reconsidered, and users of welfare services were forced to pay expenses. Legal regulations on social welfare activities were relaxed to promote various private and voluntary social welfare services. The amendment of the eight laws concerning the social welfare system came after these reforms. In the amendment of the laws, much attention focused on the promotion of in-home welfare services for the elderly and the handicapped. Towns and villages were given a fairly large role. They are now responsible for developing both institutional welfare services and home welfare services. However the administrative and financial power of towns and villages is not sufficient to deal with these services. Many remaining problems must be solved if we are to be well prepared for the twenty-first century.View full abstractDownload PDF (1869K) -
Masaru SawaiArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 28-40
Published: June 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1 Social Welfare Afairs Are Generally Changed to Local Government Matters Since 1986 2 Though, They Have Remained Some "KIKAN-ININ-JIMU" 3 Under The "KIKAN-ININ-JIMU" System, Mayors Obey The Order of The Central Government Minister 4 And Mayors Should Undergo The Superintendance of The Central Government 5 Local Government Afairs Should be Controlled by The Municipal Ordinance 6 They Have to Make A Levy Nuresery Charge by The Municipal Ordinance 7 Let Us Similarly Handle The Welfare for Aged, And The Welfare for The DisabledView full abstractDownload PDF (739K) -
Kazumi TakakiArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 41-69
Published: June 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Japan, municipalities and councils of social welfare have worked out community welfare planning that are over two hundredninety. This writer examined as to typical thirty-eight of them, and studied purpose, method, planning subject about there community welfare plannings. The majority of the thirty-eight has been uniform framework. And has been insufficient content, considering community welfare is the measure for social problem. This study has considered reason that many plans with grave issues were worked out, moreover, has been clear about community welfare planning as it ought to be.View full abstractDownload PDF (2080K) -
Kunihiko TamamuraArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 70-88
Published: June 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Australian society, there are efforts being made toward social justice. This particular paper attempts to discuss on the problems of disabled persons in Australia regarding various disability policies. During the UN Decade of Disabled Persons, 1983-1992, Australian disability policies changed significantly. It must be noted that disability services were promoted according to the "Disability Service Act 1986". This Act granted government financial assistance for the disability services and emphasized consumer perticipation. Recently, however, in revewing the disability programs, there has been a need to make more efforts toward integration into community and employment. The Australian Government has gradually recognized that people with disabilities were facing barriers and discrimination in work and other areas. Since 1991, there has been a need for an introduction of anti-discrimination legislation at a national level. This legislation would also have to be supported by the community. There are three factors which were considered in the consultation process of this legislation. First, the international context of the human rights movement for disabled persons, especially "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990", affected the Act. Secondly, in consulting the legislation, it was considered that the economical situation in Australia had been getting worse and as a result, influenced employment of the disabled. Thirdly, the Act was needed for the purpose of improving of disability services. In November 1992, the Australian Parlament enacted the "Disability Discrimination Act 1992" (DDA) in order to eliminate discrimination against persons on the ground of disability. This is to say that the DDA was enacted as a result of the disability movement saved by disability services.View full abstractDownload PDF (1177K) -
Takehiko HirakawaArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 89-107
Published: June 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper attempts to study the independent life of the severely physically disabled in Nagoya city, Japan, 1992. The life style is analyzed mainly through the time budget approach together with other self-administered questionnaire methods. Some characteristics of the life style are described. Formal and informal networks of care and manifest and latent social service and community care resources are identified. Especially, employment is very important for the independent life. But it is hard to get the normal job for the disabled. Therefore, other types of job are necessary. Accordingly to our research, in the early morning and late night attendant is crucial. In short, independent life of the respondents depend not only on the more effective communityoriented social services, but on the "Sub-culture" of the disability and others.View full abstractDownload PDF (1157K) -
Miki KuboArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 108-128
Published: June 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the goals of Social Work is to achieve human respect and self-actualization, for the Handicapped as well as non-handicapped people. This article is a study on realizing Normalization one of the ideas of Social Work Practice with Handicapped Persons. First, this article examines the social meaning of Handicap and analyzes sociologically what the society expects Handicapped Persons by the rule of "Role-Expectation." They are given negative expectations and are regarded as beings of low value. Second, this article proves the fact that because of the viewpoint of efficiency human respect for the Handicapped has not sufficiently taken root in Social Welfare and Social Work Practice. In conclusion, in order to obtain a "Symbiotic Society" based on the concept of "Mutual Aid", this article presents the need for the viewpoint 1) that human beings tend to resist their given social roles, and 2) that we should have a positive attitude toward Handicapped Persons.View full abstractDownload PDF (1387K) -
Koichi InazawaArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 129-146
Published: June 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe system theories, which have been established on the model of the organization or the machine, have not been worried about problems of system's boundaries, because the organization and the machine have material boundaries. On the contrary, the society does not have any visual boundary. So, if we want to grasp the society as a system, we cannot adopt the theories which assume easily the whole of the system. Based upon the social system theory of Niklas Luhmann, this paper describe the society fundamentally as follows. (1) It is a system with the boundary ofmeanings by which we can reduce the complexity of the world. (2) It's inner components are not individuals but actions as meaningful behaviors. Individuals take part in the social system as the subjects of social actions. But they also are outer environments, because they can deviate from the social system at all times. It shows the arbitrariness of the code of meanings. So the social system has to govern individuals by sanctions. The groundlessness of the code certainly make the ultimate form of the sanction a violent exclusion which causes every discrimination. Therefore, it is necessary for the philosophical study on social work to formulate a mechanism of changing the code to resist the discrimination.View full abstractDownload PDF (1070K) -
Norito YuasaArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 147-167
Published: June 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is (1) to present Philip Seed's method of social network analysis; and (2) to discuss the meaning of the method and possibility of its application to social work practice. Among social workers there is a growing concern about clients' social support network. A social network is defined as a specified set of links among social actors. Since the 1930's network analysis has been developed as a style of social science research that focuses on people's social network as a means of understanding their behavior. Seed's method of network analysis was devised for social workers. Based on the diaries that clients have kept, a network diagram is drawn. The network diagram is a map that illustrates clients' network members, daily activities, social resources and so on. By drawing a network diagram and making follow-up discussion of diaries, it becomes possible to make connections between different kinds of network features, types and relationship qualities. It is necessary for us to put this method into practice and evaluate its effectiveness. Network analysis would provide a useful way of understanding and strengthening clients' support network.View full abstractDownload PDF (1080K) -
Article type: Bibliography
1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 168-177
Published: June 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (314K)
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