社会福祉学

障害者福祉改革と権利保障

杉野昭博

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 1-14
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_1

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Market principles are gradually introduced in the provision of residential and community care services for old people towards 2000 when Social Care Insurance Scheme will be implemented, and commercial sector will begin to provide care services under the new scheme. Because of the changes in the field of services for old people, the services for other client groups, such as children and disabled people, came under review. It was in this context that the government committees recently made recommendations concerning the reform of services for disabled people. The present study reviews these official recommendations from the perspective of the rights of disabled people which are divided into three dimensions, that is, basic human rights, the rights to participation and the rights to choice. It is argued that while aiming at enabling disabled people to choose their services the government is reluctant to legislate an anti-discrimination law which promotes the rights to participation. The study explores the criticisms of the anti-discrimination law both in the government and the disability political lobby, and discovers that those criticisms are largely based on the misunderstandings of the American anti-discrimination law. The study concludes that it is impossible to establish the rights-based service provision without the legal recognition of the citizenship of disabled people.

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家庭相談員と学校ソーシャルワーカー : 半構造的面接調査からの分析

門田光司

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 15-32
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_15

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The home environment exposes children to conditions that can facilitate or inhibit thier development. Unfortunately,some families are finding it difficult to promote childeren's development because of family dysfunction and economic hardship. These family condtions limit children's readiness to learn. In America,Since the beginning of school social work, working with the family has been considered essential for assisting troubled students to resolve school-related problems and for helping parents maintain a home environment with more resources and fewer threats to learning. In Japan,we dont's have such system of school social workers. However,we have the system of family counselors in the family and children's guidance facility. So, the present study is to examine whether or not they have a part of the role of school social worker by the analysis from semi-structured interviews. The results show that there are three types counselors in their relationship with schools : "little relationship" type, "occasionally relationship" type "frequently relationship" type. Particularly, in "frequntly relationship" type, they have the positive role of home-school liasion and home-community liasion, and recognize that thier role is associated with the role of school social worker. This finding suggest that family counselors has the possiblity to act a part of the role of school social worker.

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高齢者の住居改善における社会福祉専門職の役割

山本美香

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 33-47
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_33

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Under the situation of growing number of elderly people, the problems of housing become a critical matter. Social workers, however, have not noticed the fact that housing problems with the elderly or the handicapped elderly must be handled from a point of the field of social welfare. The role of social workers who have direct or indirect effects toward the daily lives of the elderly is important. House adptation is one of the most effective methods to solve housing problems. In this process, a social worker is expected to address the following points ; ・find out what is needed and what is the problem in satisfying the needs, ・assessment for clients' lives as a whole, ・establish an objective of daily lives of the elderly, ・how to give the elderly an incentive, ・solve the family problems, ・take care the elderly after a social worker give him/her an advice.

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高齢者の社会支援と主観的QOLの関係

中嶋和夫, 香川幸次郎

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 48-61
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_48

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The purpose of this study was to examine the causal model between social support and subjective QOL of the elderly. The subjects were 531 (age 65 to 84) selected stratified random sampling at A town in Hokkaido. The quationnaire were demographic items (age, gender, structure of family and years of education), social support and subjective QOL. The fitness of the model, consisted independent variables being social supports of friends and neighbors and explanatory being subjective QOL, was examined by the analysis of covariance structure. The results of analysis was goodness that X^2/df ratio was 1.99, GFI 0.907, AGFI 0.889, RMSEA 0.043. There were positive association between the providing instrumental support and subjective QOL among young-old, negative association between negative support and it among young-old and old-old. This showed the evidence to support the causal model between social support and subjective QOL.

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世間体意識尺度12項目版の交差妥当性と信頼性 : 因子構造の安定性と再検査法による信頼性の検討

川元克秀

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 62-82
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_62

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The purpose of this study is to examine a cross-validity and a reliability of a measurement of "SEKENTEI" for factor analysis of social welfare services. "SEKENTEI" is the level of a person's self-consciousness of others observing one's behavior and endeavoring to meet the perceived norms of behavior. Data used in this study were obtained from 3 types of the populations, the first one was elderly people who participate in educational services, the second one was person attending a class of home-helper, the third one was primary family caregiver. The "SEKENTEI" Index was examined on an immutability of the factor structure and a test-retest reliability. A factor analysis, coefficient Al fa and correlation coefficient was used in this analysis. The results were as follows : 1) On this study, there were 3 cases of the factor structure in the "SEKENTEI" Index. That was 3 factor structure, 4 factor structure and 5 factor structure (eigin value>1.0). 2) The "SEKENTEI" Index of This study was similar to previous studies on the character concerning factor loading of the 12 items. 3) The coefficient Al fa of the "SEKENTEI" Index were approving level (.71〜.77) on this study. 4) On test-retest reliability, the reliability coefficient of the "SEKENTEI" Index were not high level one. By these result, it was suggested that the "SEKENTEI" Index did not have a high level cross-validity and a high level a reliability. Based on these results, it appears that the "SEKENTEI" Index will be a sound measurement of "SEKENTEI", if it is partly revised.

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在宅高齢者の神経症症状とそれに関連する要因

青木邦男

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 83-99
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_83

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This study examined neurotic state of elderly people living at home and related factors. The data was obtained through the questionnaire distributed to 899 (417 males, 482 females) eldely people living at home. Main findings were as follows : 1) The means and standard deviations for GHQ (General Health Questionnaire) were 4.86±5.29 points in the elderly males and 6.49±5.47 points in the elderly females. 2) As the results of multiple regression analysis using the stepwise method to clarify the effects of 16 factors on neurotic state of the elderly males, 5 factors such as "an annual income", "frequency of taking medical treatment", "frequency of getting adult diseases", "functional ability of activity", "effects of stress" were selected at a 5% siginificant level. The multiple correlation coefficient was R=0.536. Judging from each standardized partial regression coefficient of factors, higher annual income, less frequency of taking medical treatment, less frequency of getting adult diseases, higher functional ability of activity, less effects of stress respectively was proved to diminish the male elderly people's neurotic state. 3) As the results of the same analysis performed with the elderly females, 8 factors such as "frequency of taking medical treatment", "frequency of getting adult diseases", "functional ability of activity", "effects of stress", "individual activity", "positive support by family", "positive support by friends", "negative support by family" were selected at a 5% siginificant level. The multiple correlation coefficient was R=0.606. Judging from each standardized partial regression coefficient of factors, higher annual income, less frequency of taking medical treatment, less frequency of getting adult diseases, higher functional ability of activity, less effects of stress, more individual activity, more positive support by family, more positive support by friends and less negative support by family respectively was proved to diminish the female elderly people's neurotic state.

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「自発的に援助を求めないクライエント」に対するソーシャルワーク実践 : ルーニイによる具体的方策の検討

伊藤富士江

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 100-117
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_100

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Although many practitioners encounter clients who don't seek help voluntarily or those who show resistance through out the helping process, there has been less concerned in social work practice with these clients in Japan. In the U. S., Dr. Donald H. Rooney has established strategies for working with involuntary clients. The strategies are aimed at providing legal, ethical, and effective intervention. This article examines Rooney's strategies including a theoretical foundation, intervention principles, and practice guidelines in detail. Then the implications for applying them to Japan are analyzed. The main points are the following : 1) negotiation and available choices should be explored to promote client's self-attributed changes ; 2) contracts should be used to enhance motivational congruence between clients and social workers and increase voluntarism ; and 3) adaptations of a taskcentered approach should be explored among Japanese social workers.

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成年後見制度におけるソーシャルワーカーの役割

福島喜代子

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 118-133
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_118

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A call for a comprehensive and thorough system to advocate for people who have become incompetent has been increasing in Japan. Current guardianship process in Japan has been criticized due to its stigmatizing nature and inflexible procedures. Literature review reveals that many states in the United States also have similar systems, gathering similar criticism. This paper hypothetically examines how an application of Japan's proposed new guardianship legislation to three different cases would be handled in Japan, in order to clarify the issues that Japan's proposed new guardianship legislation contains. The examination reveals that provision of alternative surrogate decision making modality and additional supportive services, such as Daily Money Management service, would be more helpful and effective to support those people who are experiencing a decrease of decision making ability. Creating a comprehensive and thorough system to advocate for people who lack ability to make a reasonable decision is required in Japan. The role of social service agencies is very important, to take the role of advocator, mediator and broker for the people in need of surrogate decision making. Social workers should utilize their professional skills and take an initiative to construct a system to protect, support, and advocate the people who need surrogate decision making in each community.

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マレーシア人留学生へのケースワーク : 危機介入,ライフモデル,RETを使ったSystematic Eclectic Approachの実際

川村隆彦

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 134-154
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_134

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Although the number of foreign students in Japan has shown a remarkable increase recently, these students often experience severe culture-shock and have many difficultuies in their lives. They have faced different kinds of emotional stresses, coming from language difficulties, isolation, prejudice and discrimination in their schools as well as in their communities. However, there are few helping institutions or lauguage services for foreign students in Japan. Thus, the students are not able to ask for help. This situation reflects the fact that there are also few social work studies regarding foreign students in Japan. The particular focus of this paper is a three-month study of a Systematic Eclectic Approach (SEA) with Mei-lin, a Malaysian student who has faced severe emotional problems. This paper explores the possibilities of combining and using two different approaches to solve the problems of persons living in a foreign culture. The first approach may be considered a clinical approach. The caseworker asists the client through SEA, which combines crisis intervention, life model and rational emotive therapy (RET). The second approach may be considered a social approach. The caseworker asists the client in a one-on-one, cross-cultural context. This study explores the possibility that the use of a combination of approaches, such as SEA and a cross-cultural approach may be more effective than the exclusive use of a single approach. Finally, this study touches briefly on a global approach as a third possibility for the solution of social problems.

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日本での「貧困の女性化」についての1考察 : 高齢女性の貧困の統計的検討

海野恵美子

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 155-171
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_155

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In this paper, I intend to clarify female poverty, especially,of elder women in Japan, and through it, to examine an argument 'feminization of poverty', especially sugimoto's opinion of potentialization on 'feminization of poverty' in Japan. The index of 'feminization of poverty'in the argument is based on female householder rate of public assistance recipients. But, both female poverty and male poverty, the poverty rate must be mesured by not household unit, namely, by individual low incomer rate under minimum living standard. My examination with this point turned out, first, high female rate, and high female householder rate in the seventies, of public assistance recipients, second, close correlation with elder low incomers and high bedridden rate as the 'non-money probleme'. Therefore, I think, Sugimoto's opinion of potentialization on 'feminization of poverty' in Japan, must be re-examined.

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「ホームレス」問題の所在 : 広島市の「ホームレス」と福祉施策

都留民子, 尾上麻紀子

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 172-188
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_172

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This paper will discuss the following : Introduction 1. Social Services for Homeless People in Hiroshima City 1) Practice of Public Assistance 2) Community Welfare Volunteers' Aid to Poor Wayfarers 3) Controls 2. Day Labour Market 3. Situation of Homeless People 1) Outline 2) Causes of homeless Conclusion

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今後の児童福祉法改革の課題 : 児童家庭福祉サービス供給体制改革に向けて

西郷泰之

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 189-208
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_189

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I examined the way the system to provide welfare services for children and families should be carried on in this report. I chose the way of referring to literature as the way of study. I studied the content of literature referring to the Child Welfare Law in the past 20 years regarding the way the system to provide welfare services should be carried on, and simultaneously studied the report regarding the main points of Child Welfare Law which was revised in 1997, and studied the problem of the reform of the Child Welfare Law in the future. In conclusion, the main points of how the system to provide welfare services for children and families should be improved are to prevent some trouble from occurring and to take the community based welfare services into account, and, to be concrete, to set up the system to provide services in the city, the town and village respectively.

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「呆けゆく」人びとの「呆けゆくこと」体験における意味世界への接近 : 相互行為的な「バイオグラフィカル・ワーク」を手がかりに

出口泰靖

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 209-225
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_209

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The perspective of persons with "dementing illness"have been overlooked in the majority of reserch on senile dementia. In this paper, to understand more about their subjective experience and individual beliefs or self-perception, I set this reseach questions : What is their perception of the "dementing illness"?, In what way are they at all aware of it?, What explanations do they offer their diminisfed abilities?, etc. By using the interactional framework of "biographical work", this paper is a ethnographic descriptive account of author's experience by participant observation at a institution for the persons with senile dementia. As a result, I described four dimensions of "dementing" persons' biographical work ; (a) their perception of "dementing illness" (awareness, uncertainty, anxiety), (b) their confrontation with the problems (loss experiences) and coping(denial, passing), (c) the crisis of thier biography(identity spresd), (d) the reorganization of their biography ("reverse-passing" by caregivers). Therefore, I concluded biographical work of "dementing" persons to be biographical disruptions and a "process of desocializaiton", as well as slow and progressive loss of self.

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要援護高齢者のための地域介護ネットワーク構築 : 過疎中山間地城における「お隣ヘルパー」の試み

玉里恵美子

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 226-242
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_226

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The purpose of this is to examine the problem of community welfare in mountain depopulation settlements, using Kochi Prefecture as a case study. Many people want living in the place they are used to, but life in mountain villages becomes different when people grow old and require assistance in their daily life. Returning to the case of mountain villages, there is thus an urgent need to examine community welfare measures which are adapted to the situation at hand. This paper will put forward a method of community care based on the local residents. This is achieved not through care specialists, but by utilizing the local inhabitants and increasing the level of care across the whole community. To solve such a problem, Kochi Prefecture and A-cho (one of the local authorities within Kochi Prefecture) examine a new mutual help network (Community Care Network : Otonari-helper system). This is a system whereby local residents from various occupations co-operate in looking after the elderly in need of care. Three persons of B-C care rank were selected in T-village (one of the villages within A-cho), and the new system was tried for one week. As a result, the following were clarified. 1) Otonari-heiper's work is limited to housework, but has a lot of possibility. 2) An efficient, basic region is decided. 3) It is necessary to set up the institution of network coordinator. 4) It is important to do environment support for Otonari-helper activity.

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保健・医療・福祉情報システム評価の体系化 : 情報システム評価の方法

増子正

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 243-253
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_243

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An imformation system contributes to the effects of increasing working efficiency of staff members and improve the quality of services provided. Many municipalities introduced helth, medical and walfare imformation system, and do not have evaluation methods of evaluating efficiency and effectiveness of imformation system. In this paper, we developed the evaluation method it the imformation system and examined it in one municipality field.

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コミュニケーション福祉機器の適用に関する諸条件 : 重度障害者用意志伝達装置適用に果たすコーディネータの役割

久能由弥

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 254-272
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_254

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate how electronic communication aids equipments were daily used by the severely physically disabled. Electronic communication aids equipments are those that help the severely physically disabled, such as people with quadriplegic and upper extremities, to communicate with others. In the previous investigation with four cases, Kunou (1997) suggested that few of the disabled could use the equipments efficiently in daily life after provision without a specialist's help. In the present study, 14 electronic communication aids equipments users were investigated, and analyzed in terms of four types of factors, such as physical factors, psychological factors, economical factors, and social factors. The main results were as follows : (1) Three types of factors, such as physical factors, psychological factors, economical factors, were not necessarily determinants ; (2) Social factors did have influence on the availavility of the equipments, that is, adjusting communication equipments in detail according to individual conditions, and getting information as to the communication equipments were indispensable to practical good use. For the reasons mentioned above, it was suggested that the coordinator who knew not only the mechanics but also the user's conditions and the social system should act as the multi-interface among the users, the equipments, and social system for the sake of more appropriate utilization of electronic communication aids equipments.

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多職種チームの3つのモデル : チーム研究のための基本的概念整理

菊地和則

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 273-290
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_273

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This paper aims to define the three models of team approach (multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary). Although there are many literature related to team approach, operationally defined models are rare in the team study. Collaboration and cooperation of different professionals are essential elements of team approach, so I propose three factors in order to define the models. The models are defined according to three factors as follows ; 1) degree of collaboration and cooperation among professionals, 2) degree of role release among professionals, 3) situation in which the team performs. By using these factors, the three models can be defined as follows ; 1) the multidisciplinary model is defined by limited collaboration and cooperation among professionals in order to make a prompt decision by the team leader. 2) the interdisciplinary model is defined by collaboration and cooperation among professionals in order to cope with complicated problem, 3) The transdisciplinary model is defined by not only collaboration and cooperation but also role release among professionals in order to cope with particular problems.

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医療機関における「枠組みとしてのチーム」の形成とその意義

高山恵理子

原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 291-307
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_291

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In social work studies, various concepts of team have been suggested. One of the most important aspects of team is that team members participate in assessment of patients and decide more adequate care planning for patients. However, in Japanese hospitals, it is normally doctors who assess patients' needs and prescribe treatments to be done by other professionals. This paper suggests the concept "team as a framework", in which all professional members belonging to independent sections, participate in assessment process and have chance to exchange free opinions. "Team as framework" is important in two ways. One, team members are encouraged to discuss all the patients concerned. Two, team members are expected to change their roles according to the needs of patients. The analysis of a large hospital of a high specialization status seems to suggest that the "weekly going round" of all patients' beds and "weekly conference" in wards and sections contribute to form the concept "team as framework", where two points are identified as important factors. One, "weekly round" and "weekly conference" clarify the patients as a team's concern, giving chances of discussing their overall conditions as a group. Two, they divide the members and non-members of a team, which work team as a "small group".

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Abstracts

原稿種別: 文献目録等
1999 年 39 巻 2 号 p. 309-329
発行日: 1999/01/20
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.39.2_309

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