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Ritsuko KONISHI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
5-17
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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To realize his concept of Japanese-style social work for the blind, Takeo Iwahashi established the Osaka Lighthouse in 1935. Not long after, war between Japan and China broke out. Perceiving the war as an opportunity for the resolution of issues concerning the blind, Iwahashi took measures to help blind soldiers while strengthening his connection with the national government. After completing the renovation of a building, he conducted a seminar there for blind soldiers in October 1943. In January 1944, with the cooperation of Tokuji Hayakawa, a founder of Sharp Corporation, Iwahashi established the Hayakawa Branch Factory, which consisted of six blind soldiers. The factory realized the concept of Japanese-style social work for the blind in the field of vocational rehabilitation, making it a groundbreaking experiment at the time. The factory offered vocational training, as well as an opportunity to practice and demonstrate the effectiveness of such training. Despite setbacks such as the facility's closure after the end of the war, the mission of the factory has survived in today's Lighthouse Metal Factory and Sharp Tokusen Industry Co., and the experience of the Hayakawa Branch Factory lives on.
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Hirofumi YAMAMOTO
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
18-30
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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Juji Ishii established the Okayama orphanage in 1887 before the time of social security systems and social-welfare system. It is not an exaggeration to say that education was considered to be salvation. This text focuses on the actual nature of education formed in Ishii's inner mind under the influence of Rousseaur's Emir and considers Ishii's ideas about orphan education mainly through examining his diary, written in 1894, and the books he read. Ishii was not a philosopher but tended to be practical. Nevertheles, consideration of the ideas and ideals of Ishii, as the founder of the Okayama orphanage, helps us understand what he had in mind before he began to engage in orphan education. From that point of view, this text can be said to be a philosophical study, focusing on a historical person.
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Naoko UNOURA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
31-42
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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This study focuses on the cooperation and collaboration with guardians in order to strengthen the functions of social work. Through interviews with social workers who had experience in using the adult guardianship system, the strengthened functions of social work through cooperation and collaboration with guardians were examined. This study also discusses the structure of such cooperation and collaboration. The strengthened functions of social work by cooperation and collaboration with guardians were classified into ten categories; "forming the social work relationship", "helping clients to solve their own problems", "using medical services and welfare services", "clarifying clients' intentions and wishes", "realizing clients' intentions and wishes", "preventing clients' rights from the infringement", "recovering clients' rights", "changing clients' environments", "promoting interactions between clients and their environments", and "establishing clients' new life styles". The structure of cooperation and collaboration with guardians which strengthen the functions of social work was then categorized into the following three types; "reinforcing functions of social work", "separating extra functions from functions of social work", and "activating functions of social work".
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Hiromitsu SHIMPO
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
43-56
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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This paper explores the cooperative processes utilized by the professional and the client to arrive at a decision concerning the service the client receives. Specifically, the paper examines the effectiveness of the "situational value system" as it is applied to social work at the time of discharge from hospital. The following four aspects are important in the process: (1) Development of a workable definition of the situation, (2) Various value systems brought into the situation, (3) Decision making regardless of the articulation of the reason, and (4) Understanding the changeable nature of the decision. The single system design was adopted in order to examine self-reports of the process by the clients. The effectiveness of the process was examined using the "Integration and Comprehensiveness of Networking" (Fukuyama 2009). The results indicate that the process of developing the "situational value system" produced new awareness regarding mutual understanding, shared goals, cooperation, and strengthened the sense of community. Such new awareness and understanding not only reduce the risks and limitations inherent in the client support system, they also enhance its functionality. I conclude that the development of the "situational value system" is able to facilitate cooperation and promote understanding between the professional and the client.
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Junko HARA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
57-68
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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Deaf and hard of hearing people who attempt to communicate by Sign language, which is their first language, have to adapt to the hearing world when they work with hearing people. This paper emphasizes the importance of Social Workers in helping employees of Deaf and hard of hearing, but also the employers, by informing them of the special needs of those employees based on the cultural model approach instead of the medical model approach.
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Miki ITANO
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
69-79
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the structure of municipal level child and family welfare consultation using reports from social workers. The study also analyzes the relationships between the components of child and family consultation, and between the components of child and family consultation and social workers' characteristics. Factor analysis identifies four main factors that contribute to positive outcomes for social workers and clients. 1. A professional work environment. 2. Multiple agencies contributing to service delivery. 3. Systematic service delivery. 4. Municipal social workers recognize the difference between their opinion and the opinion of Child Guidance Centers regarding child and family consultation. A professional work environment and multiple agencies contributing to service delivery are significantly correlated (r=.63). A professional work environment is also significantly correlated with social workers' age and possession of a social workers' license. Municipal offices recognize the importance of the Community Consultation Meetings, the development of social resources, and having clearly defined guidelines for coordinating activity with Child Guidance Centers.
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Toru MORICHI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
80-90
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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This research aimed to clarify effects of relocation from institution to community settings for persons with intellectual disabilities. Referring to research trends in other countries, adaptive behavior and subjective quality of life of relocated people were measured. For this measurement, adaptive behavior scale and handicap measure were used. For the analysis, paired sample t-test and two way factorial ANOVA were used. The results showed that in paired sample t-test, adaptive behavior was not much changed and maladaptive behavior was changed for the worse in some items, while in two way factorial ANOVA, the difference of life circumstances was found in the attributes of relocated people.
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Yuko INOUE, Yasuhiro KUROKI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
91-103
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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Purpose: This study is intended to examine the job satisfaction of social workers working in welfare facilities for the elderly, based on the cognitive evaluation theory of Deci. Method: The subjects of investigation were social workers working in 223 welfare facilities for the elderly in "A" prefecture. The data from 183 social workers were used for statistical analysis. Deci described intrinsic motivation in the cognitive evaluation theory of Deci. This study was aided by intrinsic motivation and hypothesized that "personal social services that are recognized accomplishment" related to "satisfaction for accomplishment of personal social services" and "job satisfaction". The above causal model was examined using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Result: This model performed well in term of CFI=0.903,RMSEA=0.054, and met the level of statistical tolerance. The result of this study suggested that it supported the cognitive evaluation theory of Deci. Conclusion: It is considered that we can apply the improvement of job satisfaction to the present duty education (postgraduate education) for social workers.
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Rika OHTSUKA, Kazunori KIKUCHI, Kumiko NONAKA, Ryutarou TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
104-115
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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It is important for care-managers to deal with elder abuse, considering the recent increase in elder abuse by caregivers, especially among community dwelled elderly. The purpose of this study is proposing effective ways for care-managers to resolve elder abuse, by examining factors that facilitate or hinder care-managers' decision processes in intervention to resolve elder abuse. Thus, we examine the cases that care-managers have difficulties in determining whether the elderly is abused by caregivers or not. We conducted mail-survey research to randomly selected 600 in-home care agencies in Tokyo Metropolitan area. We analyzed 104 cases (92 agencies, 107 cases, excluded 3 cases) that were reported by care-managers, using Grounded Theory Approach. The results indicate that collecting information about elder abuse is important for care-managers' decision processes. Additionally, the results indicate factors that facilitate care-managers' intervention are amount and source of information. We also found out that care-managers often decide not to intervene when they consider the feelings and situation of caregivers. Based on these findings, we discussed the importance of eliminating ageism among care-managers, and developing systems to assist caregivers as well as dealing with elder abuse.
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Ayako SASAKI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
116-127
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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The U.S. government has aimed to support victims of trafficking in persons, regardless of the type of exploitation, such as labor or sexual; however, the approach, which is strongly correlated with the anti-prostitution policy, has stimulated arguments on anti-prostitution versus pro-prostitution and around the meaning of "violence against women" and produced various victim-support activities based on each stance. However, it is true that the rhetoric commonly exists to support victims and plays a role to guarantee activities based on each stance, regardless of the stance that they take. In this paper, the author focuses on "social problem framework," by which people recognize one's experience as "a problem" in the support process and analyze various stances on and processes of victim-support activities. It is necessary to create a new frame of reference repeatedly, while sustaining the existing ones and not overwriting them, in order to support the maximum possible number of victims of trafficking, regardless of the stance toward prostitution.
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Yoshihiko KADOYA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
128-138
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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Today, governments in "aging" countries are required to outsource the provision of long-term care to non-government sectors, in order to respond to the increasing needs with a limited budget Nevertheless, the quality of care is often sacrificed by the competition among these providers and the unsatisfactory quality of care is becoming a social problem. Much research has been done on this matter from the view point of governance: implementing regulations and performance measurements in terms of the quality of care. However, there has been little argument from the care provider's view point. This paper investigates how care providers should improve the quality of care, using the data of Group home's external evaluation. As a result, this research uncovers that "sharing the organizational mission among stake holders" is a key to the improvement of the quality and efficiency of care.
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Miho YAMADA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
139-152
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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Following the COMSN incident in 2007, social security policy research and welfare policy research has not proposed any theories on the relaxation or tightening of regulations or on the concept of quasi-market with regard to future function and specific conditions for developing the diversification of nursing care service suppliers. Through the case example of the COMSN incident, where the issue was the succession of services to national users, this paper demonstrates that if it is possible to provide a continual and stable service sufficient for the diverse nursing requirements of users, it would present no objection to supplier profitability. Therefore, in addition to the conditions presented by the quasi-market, the conditions required for the appropriate functioning and development of supplier diversity comprise the key elements of a continual and stable supply of diverse services, which complement the public nature of the service. This also ensures growth and stability of supplier management foundations by establishing an appropriate remuneration for nursing care and improving laws to prevent corporate misconduct. In other words, improving conditions through public responsibility maximizes the efficiency of market functions. Furthermore, strategies to secure the quality and quantity of services are needed.
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Hiromitsu MIHARA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
153-162
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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The volunteer activity support by the students for the leisure activity of handicapped people and their families is described in this paper. Many students of the Prefectural University of Hiroshima have been participating in the volunteer activity of beach volleyball and cooking with the handicapped people in the cooperation with the fathers of handicapped. About 100 people (students, handicapped people and their families, workers in homes for the handicapped etc) took part in the events in the year 2009. Beach volleyball was played in the sports hall and cooking was done in the cooking room of the university. After the event, the participants ate curry rice, which handicapped people and students had cooked together. It was indicated through the questionnaire and interview that people were very satisfied with the event The reason for the satisfaction was that they could enjoy with each other and become acquainted with other people. The task for the future is to continue the event with the students, handicapped people and their families, and local social workers with financial support from the university.
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Atsushi KUCHIMURA
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
163-173
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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This study aims to generate categories concerning social work practice at a short-term stay service for the elderly, and to examine the characteristics. A qualitative approach was applied to descriptive data obtained from 236 clinical records that used such an institution to add to the special elderly nursing home. As a result of analysis, 25 categories and eight high rank categories were generated, such as "correspondence to the difficult cases". "support of the life in the institution", "offer of the information to the outside engine", and "coordination to the family caregiver". Because preceding studies regarded the long-term stay institution for the elderly as the main object of investigation, some differences were found with the categories of this study. For example, "coordination to the family caregiver" is placed as an important function at a short-term stay service. The reason is that the intention of the family caregiver tends to be reflected in the support while a user is in the institution.
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Chikako YAMAKI, Mieko MOCHIZUKI
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
174-186
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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The importance of disaster preparedness for persons with special needs is widely acknowledged. Though some leading local governments are struggling to make a list of persons with special health needs or to build support systems among their neighbors, most of them have a rocky road ahead. In order to drive forward the disaster preparedness for persons with special needs, contribution from professionals in medical and welfare fields is expected. When we think theoretically, applying the concepts of universal design and reasonable accommodation -which is stated in UN Convention on the persons with disabilities- into disaster preparedness plans is the best way to cover all the citizens in the area. Inter Agency Action Plan in Hawaii is a good example because persons with special needs themselves are the member of the committee and contribute to the plan. Discussion is summarized that this plan is successfully made up with universal design concept and reasonable accommodation, and it is applicable to local disaster preparedness plans in Japan.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
187-189
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
190-191
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
192-194
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
195-197
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
198-200
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
201-203
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
204-208
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
209-211
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
212-
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
JOURNAL
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
213-
Published: February 28, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018
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