Japanese Journal of Social Welfare

Making of Nation-State and Affirmative Relief : Focusing on the Creation of the Poor Relief Bill of 1890

Tsutomu KITABA

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 3-15
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_3

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The relationship between the Local Government Act and the Poor Relief Bill began with a German individual, Mosse. Yamagata Aritomo, the Interior Minister at that time, decided to introduce a German-style local government system into Japan. He let Mosse come to Japan and requested him to draft a local government act The Local Government Act was established in 1888. After that, Mosse called for a system modeled after the Poor Relief Law of Germany, which would oblige relief work to be the responsibility of local government. This German-style local government act was introduced at that particular time because the establishment of western-style law was demanded in the context of treaty revision. It is strongly believed that the following individuals were involved in the creation of the Local Government Act: Carl Rudolf, Albert Mosse, Yamagata Aritomo, Arakawa Kunizo as well as other officials. The Poor Relief Bill was directly affected by the German Relief Law that stipulated relief effort for victims, relief work as the obligation of local government, qualification for relief and a means of mediation for cases of conflict over relief benefits. It also contained the original clauses related to the Japanese conventional relief system.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1554K)
The Development of the Idea of the Housekeeper as a Pioneer in Home-help Service : Persevering through Hardship and the Ideal Image of Hideshi HARASAKI from the Interwar Period to Immediately After the War

Hiroshi NAKASHIMA

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 16-28
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_16

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

One practice that became an opportunity to bring home-help service to Nagano prefecture for the first time after the war was an observation study of social welfare in the West conducted by Hideshi HARASAKI (1953〜1954). It was not necessarily a coincidence, but based on his experience with hardship and the thought of the ideal image; there was some foreshadowing there. In that respect, there were his hardships in his life as a single father bringing up three small children. In addition, he was greatly influenced by "Chisel no kaizo" and "Kent no nichijo seikatsu". He was able to envision the idea of being a housekeeper through his duty in the dual roles of a local administrative officer and father through trial and error. The objective of this paper is to consider the development of HARASAKI's thought and the idea of being a housekeeper, between the interwar period and immediately after the war, with a review of HARASAKI's personal journal. This consideration provides an illustrative perspective for reconsideration of the cognitive background of the establishment of home-help services in Japan.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1437K)
Integration of Administration and Expansion of Child Welfare Sphere in Enactment of Child Welfare Act : Through "Comprehensive Child Welfare Program" Changes

Michi KOMAZAKI

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 29-41
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_29

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Former studies noted two contradictions in enactment of the Child Welfare Act. Firstly, GHQ presented "cooperative integration" to the Japanese government, but the Ministry of Welfare understood unitary integration with judicial administration to be central. Secondly, the Ministry of Welfare welcomed the GHQ policy for expansion of the child welfare sphere "Every Child", but the expansion was not put into practice. This study analyzes these contradictions through three changes to the "Comprehensive Child Welfare Program." The Ministry of Welfare attempted to resolve the pre-war and wartime historical issues, "integration with judicial administration" and "child welfare", in the Child Welfare Act and successfully changed the philosophy to child welfare. However, although "all children" was clearly stated in order to avoid sectionalism, expansion of the sphere was largely limited to children needing protective care. Unitary integration with judicial administration was abandoned for the comprehensive program for juvenile delinquents through cooperative integration of related government ministries and agencies, and measures by general coordination agencies.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1500K)
Cognition and Practice of Social Action by Social Workers in Japan

Asako KORA

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 42-54
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_42

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Since social changes and malfunctions of the social policy system exist in Japan, professional support including structural change, must be offered to people experiencing new and expanded life problems. This study reports the cognition and practice of social action among 616 members of the Japanese Association of Certified Social Workers (JACSW), examining both qualitative and quantitative data. The results of the study showed that only some social workers practiced social action. The lack of concern about social action was inferred by the low collection rate, from which it might be concluded that only half of the social workers surveyed understood social action including structural change, and 55% of them (24% of social workers surveyed) practiced social action. In addition, some of the social workers who recognized the importance of social action did not engage in it themselves. It is considered that recognizing social problems and system malfunctions, improving practice environments, and systematizing the methods of social action are essential in order for social workers to practice social action.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1242K)
Job Satisfaction and Service Quality by Pattern of Job Commitment and Organizational Commitment : A Quantitative Analysis Intended for Care Workers and Nurses

Takayasu FUKUMA

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 55-68
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_55

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The study aimed to clarify staff pattern by organizational commitment, job commitment and the relativity of job satisfactions and service quality. Internet research was conducted on 500 care workers working for welfare institutions and 689 nurses working for hospitals. Analysis of variance and multiple comparisons showed that the value of HH type was the highest, and LL type the lowest for three aspects (achievement, growth, and assessment and salary) among the five aspects of job satisfaction. It could also be seen that indifference was intentionally lower than other types for two aspects of job satisfaction (association of advancement and the client) and service qualities.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1442K)
The Consciousness among Biological Children of Foster Carers in Foster Families

Machiko YAMAMOTO

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 69-81
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_69

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

This paper focuses on foster carers' biological children, an under-researched topic in Japan. The purpose of this paper is to explore the consciousness of the biological children of foster carers, who live alongside their birth parents as well as the foster children placed in the family. The author interviewed eleven individuals who had grown up as the biological children in foster families, and analyzed these results with the Modified Grounded Theory Approach. Although the biological children are intensely affected by the various experiences in the foster home, biological children tend to be overlooked. Meanwhile, it has emerged that there is a strong tendency for biological children to be overlooked in foster care. The author suggests that foster parents' biological children live with a variety of internal conflicts having to do not only with the home, but also with their lives in school and the broader community.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1511K)
The Lives and Experiences of ALS Patients without Tracheostomy Positive Pressure Ventilation : Using the Framework of the Life Structure Theory and Resources of Living

Emiko TANAKA, You TSUCHIYA, Yuko HIRANO, Sadayoshi OHBU

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 82-95
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_82

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

ALS has become a tragic condition of dying from respiratory muscle paralysis. Despite medical advances in the 1980's and the new ALS view being proposed to include a passage after paralysis, only 30 percent of people in need use TPPV beyond paralysis. This study aims to understand the lives and experiences of ALS patients without TPPV and their families, comparing them with TPPV. Interviews with 5 bereaved families with TPPV and 13 without TPPV were carried out. Analyses were made using the Life Structure Theory and the Resources of Livelihood frameworks. 4 Findings were discovered: identity affected the use of social systems; the suitable period and volume of information differed by each life strategy; identity did not collapse completely. Although the choice of whether to use TPPV was a life-threatening one, this depended on the difference of the effect of respiratory muscle paralysis; no supporting system existed for the Resource-Keepers of Livelihood from outside. Challenges at present are to promote a constant use of services, secure information and assist the Resource-Keepers of Livelihood. Hereafter, a need for standardization of Resources of Livelihood and intervention in maintaining diversity of life will be presented as a way to make improvements.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1509K)
Impacts of Maternal Parenting Stress on Psychological Maltreatment of Children with Mental Disabilities

Sun Hae LEE, Ji Sun PARK, Kazuo NAKAJIMA, Yasuhiro KUROKI

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 96-108
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_96

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of Maternal Parenting Stress on Psychological Maltreatment of Children with Mental Disabilities. The study subjects were mothers of children using the 12 day care institutions for Children with Mental Disabilities. The data from 158 mothers were used for statistical analysis. The hypothesized conceptual model was constructed to describe the relationship between parenting stress and maternal psychological maltreatment. In this model, mother's demographic characteristics (age, number of children, education), child's demographic characteristics (sex, age, degree of mental disability), family structure, mother's communication skill, mother's recognition of father's support, mother's aggressive behavior was supplied as a control variable at this time. The above causal model was examined using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This model performed well in terms of CFI=0.926, RMSEA=0.070. The result indicated that reducing maternal parenting stress would decrease psychological maltreatment of Children with Mental Disabilities.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1380K)
The Effects of Organizational Management Factors of Nursing Homes on Employees' Job Satisfaction and Self-evaluation of Service Quality

Sewoong OH

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 109-122
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_109

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

This study aims to investigate how leadership and teamwork of nursing homes influence employees' job satisfaction and self-evaluation of service quality, as organizational management factors. One thousand special nursing homes were selected from all around the country, and questionnaires were distributed to five care staffs per home. Finally, 1,105 papers were collected from 265 facilities (collection rate: 22.1%). Amongst them, this study verified hypotheses through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), targeting 672 except for the management staff, nurse and office workers who do not directly provide care services. It was found that leadership promoted teamwork and affected workers' job satisfaction and self-evaluation of service quality. Moreover, leadership impacted self-evaluation of service quality through teamwork and job satisfaction. Based on the results of these findings, this study proposes how to maintain and improve the service quality of nursing homes.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1444K)
Research on Perspective Bias about Child Abuse Case by Parents with Mental Health Problems, Based on Comparison of Recognition of Family Social Workers and Social Workers of Child Guidance Center, Child and Family Support Center, and Mental Hospital and Clinic

Yukitaka MATSUMIYA, Makiko YAEGASHI

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 123-136
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_123

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

We investigated the factors that inhibit collaboration with child welfare agencies and mental health agencies about intervention in child abuse by parents with mental health problems. We carried out a questionnaire for social workers in the field of child welfare (Family Social Workers, social workers of Child Guidance Center, and Child and Family Support Center) and for Certified Mental Health Social Workers which belong to the mental hospital and clinic. As a result Perspective Bias about child abuse was seen between social workers in the field of child welfare and Certified Mental Health Social Workers. We considered that Perspective Bias between them has been caused by the difference in the amount of experience in contact with child abuse by parents with mental health problems, and lack of knowledge relating to each other's fields. In order to achieve a common understanding of child abuse, it is necessary to conduct the proper arrangement of personnel training and expansion of the system.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1441K)
Evaluation Research Regarding the Outcomes of Deinstitutionalization/transition Policy on Persons with Intellectual Disabilities in Foreign Countries and Japan

Ryo SUZUKI

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 137-149
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_137

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

This paper looks at evaluation research regarding the outcomes of deinstitutionalization on persons with intellectual disabilities in welfare states and Japan, and seeks to clarify the perspective of evaluation research. The conclusions that this paper draws are as follows. First, it is found that in research evaluating welfare states and Japan both behavioral and QOL indicators are strongly emphasized. While overall QOL indicators improve after deinstitutionalization, some indicators regarding behavioral areas remained the same or in some cases got worse. This leads to the conclusion that the way in which one defines or understands the principle of normalization affects the interpretation of research results. Second, in research evaluating welfare states and Japan, a high value is placed on the subjective interpretations of the persons with intellectual disabilities themselves. Such research is important to the extent that it challenges society's category of "normal", which is limited by an over-reliance on assimilation into mainstream culture. However, it is also necessary to examine from the perspective of social constructionism the various interacting factors that underpin the subjective views of the persons with intellectual disabilities.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1503K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 150-152
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_150

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (391K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 153-155
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_153

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (383K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2013 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 156-
Published: February 28, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: July 20, 2018

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.53.4_156

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (176K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!