[in Japanese]

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The countries of South and South-East Asia have launched their development programs with much enthusiasm. Needless to say large scale development effort needs equipment and services, technical skill and knowledge, most of which are in short supply in these countries. Many advanced countries are taking cognizance of this fact and providing assistance to these countries to enable them to overcome the difficulties that arise in the implementation of their development programs.
Japan has attained the self-sufficiency of rice by her rapid development of agricultural science and field techniques. On this basis of agriculture she is developing her industry and is running apace toward a highly advanced industrial nation. This development of Japan both in industry and agriculture can be of much reference to the development plans of the countries of South and South-East Asia, which are traditionally agricultural. In this sense Japan's technical assistance to these countries has a significant feature.
In this humble essay I am trying to relate the general outline of the assistance now provided to the countries of South-East Asia and suggest new forms of assistance in agriculture.
The following is the gist of my study.
I. Outline of the Development Programs launched in the countries of South and South-East Asia.
I have pointed out some of the salient features of the agriculture in the countries of South-East Asia. At the same time I have tried to visualize the aims, policies and activities of the agriculture development programs launched by the advanced countries.
II. Forms of technical assistance in agriculture.
There are roughly three forms of technical assistance to underdeveloped countries. They are (the names here are only provisional) :
1. United Nations technical aid programs (e. g. F. A. O.) .
2. Regional aid programs (e. g. Colombo Plan, ECAFE) .
3. Assistance carried out separately by advanced countries.
a. American form (e. g. Peace Corps, University contracts, Indian village exploitation project) .
b. Soviet form.
c. West German form.
I have described the characteristics of these various forms of assistance and their operations.
III. Japan's technical assistance in agriculture.
1. The categories of techniques being introduced.
a. Techniques for increasing food production.
b. Techniques for increasing the production of cash crops.
c. Techniques for diversified farming (e. g. horticulture, animal husbandry, sericulture, forestry, fishing, etc.)
d. Techniques for establishing natural, social and economic foundations of agricultual production.
2. Forms of assistance now implemented by Japan.
Japan has been providing technical assistance to the countries of South and South-East Asia under FAO, Colombo Plan, Japan U. S. Joint Training Program, Reparations Payment Programs, etc. Broadly speaking the forms of assistance she has been providing are as follows.
Grants and loans for national development projects.
Specialized equipment including machinery and farm equipment.
Services of experts and technicians.
Training to the students of the countries of South and South-East Asia.
Training centers.
Concentrated development efforts have already brought about some significant results. Assistance provided by Japan is improving field techniques and increasing agricultural output. However much leeway has yet to be made up.
3. Forms of assistance to be expected in future.
I have suggested four new forms of assistance in agriculture to the countries of South and South-East Asia.
a. Establishment of more agricultural training centers and model farms.
b. Promotion of university contracts.
c. Cooperation with the village development projects.
d. Introduction of Japan's agriculture and field techniques.

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(1) In the mild climate region in Japan, papaya trees could winter under the vinyl film at night during the period of November through April, and on the field, they bore unripe fruits before the end of the year. If the blooming can be accelerated, ripe fruits may be harvested up to the end of the year,
(2) Such trend has been cleared that when the growing is accelerated, flowers will be set at lower knots and bloom earlier, so the earlier planting and accelating growth will cause them to bloom earlier and to ripen fruits, after all.
(3) Hermaphroditic trees bear many elongated and barren bisexual flowers in a hot climate period and cause a poorer yield comparing with female trees, which prove higher production.
(4) In a vinyl house, soil mulching at the base of the trees is an ideal method in order to keep off the cold.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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