Comparative investigations were carried out, on the development of neutralizing antibody (VN antibody), hemagglutination inhibiting antibody (HI antibody) and complement fixing antibody (CF antibody) in experimental animals inoculated with the ectromelia virus.
Results were as follows.
1. In mice inoculated with the ectromelia virus, the development of VN antibody, HI antibody and CF antibody against ectromelia and vaccinia viruses were recognized.
2. In guinea pigs inoculated with the ectromelia virus, the constant development of HI antibody against ectromelia virus was recognized. Although the development of CF antibody was recognized, too, it was not so regular as in HI antibody and the individual differences were seen.
On VN antibody, even in the guinea pigs inoculated repeatedly with the ectromelia virus in large quantities it was considered that the neutralizing capacity of anti-serum against ectromelia virus existed within the limit of experimental error. And so, it was thought that there was little development of VN antibody in guinea pigs.
3. In rabbits inoculated repeatedly with the ectromelia virus in large quantities it was shown that the neutralizing capacity of immune serum against ectromelia virus was presented within the limit of experimental error. And so, it was thought that there was little development of VN antibody in rabbits like in guinea pigs. Also, the development of HI antibody and CF antibody against ectromelia virus was not observed. Although in the serum of these rabbits immunized with the ectromelia virus there was no significant production of HI, CF and VN antibodies against ectromelia virus, all of three antibodies against vaccinia virus were shown. The reason of this phenomenon was briefly discussed.

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Successively from the first report, the immunological and serological investigations on the ectromelia virus was carried out using rabbits.
In the first place, the problem of development of neutralizing antibody (VN antibody) against ectromelia and vaccinia viruses in rabbits immunized with the ectromelia virus, was taken up. Its elucidation was attempted by the increase in number of experiments and by using the neutralization line of immune serum. Concerning the neutralization line of anti-ectromelial rabbit serum against ectromelia and vaccinia viruses, the singular property was recognized.
And so the investigations was done about each neutralization line of the anti-vaccinial rabbit serum, the anti-ectromelial mouse serum and the anti-vaccinial mouse serum, like in the anti-ectromelial rabbit serum.
The influence of method of immunization on the slope of neutralization line was investigated.
In ordef to see the inhibition of vaccinia dermal infection in rabbits immunized with ectromelia virus, the courses of pox-pustulation and virus multiplication after the inoculation of vaccinia virus were observed in rabbits of normal and immunized with vaccinia and ectromelia virus.
The results are summarized as follows.
1. Even in rabbits immunized repeatedly with the ectromelia virus in large quantities, the serum which the neutralizing capacity against ectromelia virus can be recognized clearly, was not easily obtainable. However, considering the property of neutralization line, the VN antibody could be produced in rabbits.
2. The slope of neutralization line of anti-ectromelial rabbit serum against vaccinia virus was steep, on the other hand, that against ectromelia virus was flat on the whole, thus two neutralization line were not parallel. This phenomenon is consistent with the fact that the neutralizing capacities of anti-ectromelial rabbit serum against ectromelia and vaccinia viruses were not parallel. The mechanism of the mode of neutralization reaction against both viruses might not be analogous.
3. The phenomenon that the slope of neutralization line of anti-ectromelial rabbit serum against ectromelia virus was flat, might be caused by the property of the anti-serum itself, rather than by the system of neutralization test, or the particular relation of rabbit to ectromelia virus or the singularity of ectromelia virus as immunogen.
4. The different slopes of neutralization line were obtained due to varying methods of immunization or varying periods of immunization, even though using the identical material.
5. When the rabbit immunized with ectromelia virus was intracutaneously inoculated with the vaccinia virus, the course of pustulation and the growth curve of vaccinia virus was different from that in the normal rabbit. It was suggested by this fact that the mechanism of vaccinia dermal infection was different in these animals. The attention should be directed on this a point, when the inhibition test of vaccinia dermal infection in rabbits immunized with ectromelia virus was attempted.

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The adsorption of psittacosis virus (TTF) to sensitive suspended cells (McCoy) followed approximately first order kinetics. The adsorption velocity constant obtained experimentally was distributed closely to that obtained theoretically. It was concluded that a large fraction (at least 40 per cent) of collisions occurred between virus particles and host cells resulted in irreversible adsorption.

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In order to study affecting factors on development of the paralysis in polio patients, feces were collected from six paralytic polio patients and four inapparent infection cases for the virus infection. Ten strains of poliovirus type 2 were isolated from these specimens, and the difference of these strains were compared with each other in the respects of plaque size of the strains, neuroviruleuce to mice when the strains were intraspinally inoculated into mice, and the quantity of poliovirus excreted in those feces, which were indicating respectively the multiplication efficiency, the neurovirulence, and the extent of virus growth in intestinal tract of those polioviruses.
The results were as follows:
1) The quantity of poliovirus excreted in feces: The quantitative difference did not depend upon the day of illness when the materials were taken and also clinical types of infections: paralytic forms or inapparent infections.
2) The measurment of plaque size of the strains: Plaque size of the strains of poliovirus type 2 from the inapparent infections were 5.19±0.37-1.75±0.11(mm), and. that of the paralytic forms were 5.29±0.36-1.66±0.10(mm). These clinical forms did not differ in their range of variation.
3) The neuroviruleuce to mice when the strains were intraspinally inoculated into mice: When these viral strains were intraspinally inoculated into mice, there was significant difference between two groups of mice; one group which received viral strains from paralytic polio showed 23.4per cent of mortolity and the other group which was inoculated with viral strains from inapparent infections displayed only 4.3per cent of mortality. The difference can be conciderd significant.
From these results mentioned above neurovirulence may play the most important role to convert a poliovirus infection to clinically manifest paralytic form.

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It was the purpose of this paper to identify the complement fixing (CF) antigen from adenovirus type 3 particles, namely V antigen, and to compare the characteristics between V antigen and soluble antigen (S antigen). Some efforts have been made to describe the similarity and difference of these two antigens. Results were as follows:
1) In growth experiment of adenovirus type 3, infectivity titer in Hela cells began to rise in 21hours and the increase of CF titer was noted in 30hours, indicating that the infectivity titer preceded the CF titer. In extracellular media, however, both titers did not rise even after 48hours.
2) Virus particle and S antigen were separated through ultracentrifugation from adenovirus type 3 preparation. Virus particle repeatedly washed several times evidently showed reactivity to CF antibody. (“V antigen”.)
3) Experiements to compare “V antigen” and S antigen clarified that there was no difference in resistence to either heat or ether. Specificity of these two antigens was determined to be same by gel-diffusion method.
4) Destruction of virus particle by sonic oscillation resulted in the rise of CF titer. Virus particle treated by sonic oscillation formed a broader band in gel-diffusion method. These facts might indicate that S antigen was a part of virus particle constitution. But doubts still remained unsettled that S antigen was possibly adsorbed in the surface of virus particle or exsist as another particle sedimentable by ultra-centrifugation apart from virus particle itself.
5) Observation as long as 28 days was necessary for the determination of infectivity titer of adenovirus. Using this method for infectivity titration, it was not demonstrated that CF titer was high in comparison with infectivity titer in adenovirus.

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Horie, et al. reported that the animals intraperitoneally immunized with rabies virus had shown the protection to the intracerebral challenge of the virus, and was not always parallel to the neutralizing activity of the serum (Serum antibody), but was parallel to the neutralizing activity of the perfused brain-emulsion (Brain antibody).
In this paper an investigation of the characteristics of Brain antibody formed in mice and guinea pigs which intraperitoneally inoculated with the rabies virus (strain CVS) was presented.
The results are summarized as follows:
1) The approximate slope rates of neutralization lines of Brain antibody and Serum antibody were 2.0 and 1.0, respectively.
2) The slope of neutralization line of Brain antibody heated at 56°C for 30minutes was 2.0 and it was identical with the slope of the original non-heated Brain antibody.
3) The slopes of neutralization line of mouse Serum antibody added with the normal mouse brain-emulsion, and of neutralization line of guinea pig Serum antibody added with the guinea pig brain-emulsion immunized with Japanese B Encephalitis virus, and of neutralization line of the mouse brain-emulsion injected intracerebrally with the anti-rabies mouse serum, were identical with the slope of the original Serum antibody.
4) The slope of neutralization line of guinea pig Brain antibody added with the immune serum of guinea pigs immunized with Japanese B Encephalitis virus was identical with the slope of the original Brain antibody.
5) The Brain antibody blocking test was carried out by using the anti-globulin serum. As a result, it was shown that Brain antibody was blocked by the anti-globulin serum and its neutralizing capacity diminished.
6) The neutralizing capacity of Brain antibody was not influenced by the super centrifugation at 100, 000G for 1hour.
As stated above, both Brain antibody and Serum antibody had the characteristics as the antibody, but there was the certain difference between two neutralization lines. It was thought that the mechanism of neutralization reaction of both antibodies might not be analogous.

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[in Japanese]

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