Japanese Journal of Water Treatment Biology

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 1
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_1

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Morphological variability of Navicula perminuta Grunow

Hiroshi Fukushima, Tsuyako Ko-Bayashi, Harue Fujita, Sakiko Yoshitake

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 5-13
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_5

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Approximately 500 specimens of Navicula perminuta Grunow. were analyzed from light micrographs on the basis of the shape of valve, apices, the direction and density of the striae at the centre, the shape and width of the central area, and the length and breadth of the valve. The data were compared withprevious description of Navicula perminuta Grunow.

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Morphological variability of Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kuetzing) Boye-Petersen (Further notes)

Hiroshi Fukushima, Tsuyako Ko-Bayashi, Harue Fujita, Masao Ohno

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 15-34
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_15

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400 individuals collected from Lake Nakuru (Kenya) were studied. The authors had previously reported on morphological variation of this species from Lake Shikotsu (Hokkaido Island) (Fujushima·Ko-Bayashi·Kurihara and Fujita 1992) .But for the current sample, particular features were the large number of individuals with linear-lanceolate frustules (P1.6 Figs E-d.95.8%), gread variation in the outer shape of valves, and individuals for which the fmstule of the central areas extended and connected to both margins (P1.8 Figs Z-f, 18.9%) .
Photomicrographs of individuals from the current samples were compared to those of type specimens of Fragilaria capucina (Krammer·Lange-Bertalot 1991, P1.108 Figs 1-8) and Exilaria vaucherae (Lange-Bertalot 1980, P1.1 Figs 26-34, Krammer·Lange-Bertalot 1991, P1.108 Figs 10-15) . With this, it may be thought, with Williams·Round (1987), that this species belongs toFragilaria vaucheriae. Among the present sample, some specimens have a strong resemblance toSynedra parvula (P1.4 Figs A-R) orSynedra amphicephala (P1.4 Figs S-W) .In addition, many specimens are intermediate betweenFragilaria vaucheriae and both of them, in their morphologies. The species ofSynedra parvulaandSynedra amphicephalashould be considered a synonyme ofFragilaria vaucheriae.
Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kuetzing) Boye-Pectersen, in Bot. Not, 1938, 167 Fig 1. 1938.

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Morphological variability of Cymbella japonica Reichelt

Hiroshi Fukushima, Tsuyako Kobayashi, Yasuto Suzuki, Harue Fujita

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 35-62
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_35

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397 individuals were researched on material from Tane Pond, Tottori City. The various structures of frustule and their frequencies are shown in Table 1.These frequency show no great difference from those published before for frequency calculations based on microphotograph. Frustule lengths range from 43.5-58μm, width 10.5-14μm, with striae density from 6-8/10μm on the dorsal and 10/10μm on the ventral. These val-ues are also consistent with previous reports.
Distribution was analyzed based on previous records. This species ranges from Sumatra to Southern China, Korea and Japan, with wide distribution in Japan.
From the present research on the features of this species, it is clear that the raphe correspond to type 5 (Krammer Lamge-Bertalot 1986 p.691) .
The entire central area and one portion of the axial area are speckled. There is one isolated stigma on the ventral side central area, but without exception the areas between the two central striae are extended upward. There are no previouscases ofCymbellawith an isolated stigma having these upward extemding striae. As these features have not been seen inCymbellapreviously, it should be thought that this species represents a special group withinCymbella.

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Algal Floras in the Seewinkel Pans and Neusiedlersee (Austria)

Sakiko YOSHITAKE, Hiroshi FUKUSHIMA

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 63-67
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_63

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High Density Conditioning of Activated Sludge by Addition of Wasted Diatomaceous Earth

Masanori FUJITA, Keisuke IWAHORI, Hironori TAKI

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 69-74
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_69

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Bench-scale continuous activated sludge experiment was carried out to investigate the promotion of binding imobilization and the high density shudge conditioning by addition of the diatomaceous earth.
It was shown that the spherical and uniformal floc, of which average diameter was about 70μm, were adjusted and the high density sludge conditioning was promoted by the diatomaceous earth. It was suggested that the coagulation and/or density of sludge were improved by dle diatomaceous earth. Therefore, the diatomaceous earth was concluded to be very effective as a immobilization carrier.
The addidonal effects of the diatomaceous earth were discussed from the practical point of the waste reuse.

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Studies on Characteristics and Evaluation of Purification Capability of Attached Biomass on River Bed

Kenji Furukawa, Tetubumi Watanabe, Masanori Fujita

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 75-82
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_75

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Treatment of high strength dairy wastewater with water hyacinths

C. Michelotti, S. Perdomo

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 83-87
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_83

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A study was undertaken to investigate the capability of water hyacinths (Eichhomia Crassipes) to treat high strength dairy wastewater in subtropical climate. A chain of experiments was conducted, outdoors, in different seasons, between 1980 and 1990 at the Faculty of Engineering, Montevideo, Uruguay.Individual and series pilot scale systems with semicontinuous flow regime were employed Dairy wastewater with surface load from 170 to 560Kg COD/ha.d was sucessfully treated. CODremoval efficiencies of more than 80% at hydraulic retentiontimes lower than those commonly used in conventional pondswere achieved.
The treatment results manifested that high strength dairywastewater could be effectively by pond systems with waterhyacinths rendering it as a possible means of secondary treatment in subtropical areas.

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A Screening Method for the Isolation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 from Water-borne

Tomoko BITO, Setsuko KITAHARA

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 89-93
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_89

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A Gram-negative filamentous bacterium isolated from foaming activated sludge

Tadaaki SAKAMOTO, Jun-ichi TAKEUCHI

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 95-100
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_95

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A Gram-negative filamentous bacterium was newly isolated from the foaming activated sludge in a municipal sewage treatment plant. The bacterium formed the necklace-like chains underin situcondition or acetate added cultivation. It predominated in the foaming materials up to 90% of total viablecounts. It could be successfully harvested by adding agar extract to be subjected to quinone analysis. Its major quinone consisted of Q-9 and Q-8, the ratio of 4 to 1.It utilized acetate and polypeptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The bacterium could reduce nitrate to nitrite. However, it could not be related to in situ accumulation of nitrite up to 6mg/l. The predominance of such a unusual bacterium, far from normal activated sludge bacterial community, is thought to be indicated that the condition of aeration tanks is getting unstable fluctuating state.Therefore, such arare bacterium would be occupied an altermative ecological niche in the activated sludge.

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Absorption of Iron by Musty-Odor Producing Cyanobacteria in the Absence of Chelating Agents

Susumu NAKASHIMA, Isao AOYAMA, Masakazu YAGI

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 101-108
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_101

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A recent problem for water utilities is musty-odor, which is caused by geosmin or 2-methylisobomeol produced by cyanobacteria.
In order to clarify the mechanism of growth of musty-odor producing cyanobacteria, the effect of iron on the growth ofAnabaena macrospora, Phormidium tenue, Oscillatoria trnuidand Oscillatoria breviswas studied.
The growth of A.macrnspora, P. tenueandO. tenuiswas suppressed at low levels of colloidal iron (1μMas Fe) in the EDTA-free CT medium, However, at high levels of iron (18μMas Fe) using colloidal iron kept in a refrigerator, A. macrnsporaandP.tenuewere able to grow althoughO. tenuiscould not When autoclaved colloidal iron was used as the iron source, none of the cyanobacteria exceptO. breviswere able to grow.
The effect of spongy or powdery iron on the growth of cyanobacteria was also invesdgated.A macrospora, P tenue and O.breviswere capable of growing in media containing spongy or powdery iron, which release Fe (II) continuously, but the growth ofO. tenuiswas suppressed.
The culture experiments and photoreduction of Fe (III) to Fe (II) show thatA. macrospora, P. tenueandO. bneviscan utilize iron even in the absence of EDTA if there are large amounts of iron present in a form photoreducible to Fe (II) . However, O. tenuiswas found to require chelated and photoreducible iron for its growth.
The present results and previous studies {Water Sci. Technol., 25 (2) : 207-216 (1992) } indicate thatO. brevishas the ability to utilize a wide variety of iron forms such as Fe (III) -EDTA, Fe (II) -BPDS, Fe (III) -Desferrioxamine B (microbial siderophore) chelates, colloidal iron, iron oxides (Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄), spongy iron and powdery iron. On the other hand, O. tenuisseems to have specific requirements for the form of iron it can utilize for growth.

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Effect of Chelating Agents on the Absorption of Iron by Phormidium tenue

Susumu NAKASHIMA, Isao AOYAMA, Masakazu YAGI

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 109-116
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_109

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In order to clarify the mechanism of growth of musty-odor producing cyanobacteria, the effect of seven chelating agentssuch as EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), CyDTA (Trans-1, 2-cyclohexanediamine-N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid), DTPA (Diethylenetriamine-N, N, N′, N″, N″-pentaacetic acid), EDDHA {Ethylenediaminedi (o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) }, HBED {N, N′-di (2-hydroxylbenzyl) -ethylenediamine-N, N′-diacetic acid}, DESF (Desferrioxamine B), BPDS (Bathophenanthroline disulfonate) on the growth ofPhormidium tenuewere studied using laboratory cultures.
P.tenuegrew well in the pfesence of 1: 1 chelates (molar ratio of chelator to Fe) of CyDTA, DTPA, EDDHA and HBED as wellas EDTA as the iron sources.P. tenuegrew well in the presenceof CyDTA up to 17-fold for Fe (molar ratio) . However, the growth ofP.tenuewas suppressed in the presence of DTPA of 7-fold, EDDHA of 3-fold and HBED of 3-fold for Fe (molar ratio), respectively.P.tenuealso could utilize Fe^II (BPDS) ₃chelate as the iron source. In addition, it could utilize Fe^II (BPDS) ₃in the presence of HBED. However, it could not utilize Fe^II (BPDS) ₃in the presence of DTPA, DESF or EDDHA.
The present results indicate thatP.tenuecan utilize a wide variety of iron chelates as the iron sources and has a stronger ability of chelating functions on the cell surfaces compared withO.tenuisandA. macrospora. However, the addition of excess of chelating agents (DTPA, DESF, EDDHA and HBED) having higher stability constants of Fe (III) chelates affected the growth ofP.tenue. Furthermore, the results show that the absorption of iron byP.tenuedoes not only depend on the stability constants of Fe chelates and that it also depends on the chemical structure or characteristics of chelators.

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Growth characteristics of Scenedesmus acutus isolated from fish pond

Tsugio KOBASHI, Yoshiaki DEGUCHI, Teizoh HIGASHI, Jinya YAZAKI, Osami ...

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 117-121
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_117

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Growth characteristics ofScenedesmus acutusisolated from fish culture pond were investigated in various nutrient concentrations.
Cultivations were carried out at 25-30°C in continuous ligth illuurination with cool-white fluorecent lamps at 3, 000lx.
Maximum growth was obtained at an inidal pH value of 7.0 in Gorham's medium and 9.0 in modified Gorham's medium.
Nitrogen souces used urea, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate were significantly effective for the growth ofS. acutus. Final pH value at ammonium were4.1 or 9.0-10.0 at other nitrogen.A good growth was obtauied at concentration of 14mg/l for nitrogen and 62mg/l for phosphorus.

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The filter clogging of a slow sand filter caused by the flow of Nitzschia holsatica from Sugadaira reservoir

Kentaro NOZAKI, Masashi SAKAI, Nobutada NAKAMOTO

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 123-127
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_123

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A heavy filter clogging at a slow sand filter was observed in early July 1992. It was caused by the flow of phytoplankton (Nitzschia holsatica) from a reservoir.N.holsatica under the bloom condition consumed almost all available reactive phosphorus in surface water of the reservoir. And phosphorous concentration in raw water to the slow sand filter decreased in this period. A filamenlous diatom (Melosira varians) which prevented the filter clogging could not grow in the filter pond due to deficient of available phosphorus.

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The Aoko (water-bloom of blue-green algae) of Lake Biwa in autumn of 1991

Ken-ichiro Negoro

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 129-131
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_129

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The so-called Aoko in Japanese, namely the water-bloom of blue-green algae, occurred in late September of 1991 in the narrow and shallow canal of Seta, the southernmost part of Lake
The Aoko was composed of the following blue-green algae: Oscillatoria tenuis (57-77%), Microystis wesenbergii (16-34%), Microcystis aeruginosa (4%), Anabaena spiroides var.crassa (1-3%), Anabaena affinis (0-1%), and Oscillatoria kawamurae (1%) .

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Characteristics of lotic algal communities in hill headwaters

Satoshi FUKUSHIMA

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 133-138
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_133

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The effects of light conditions, substrate and water pH on algal communities were surveyed in hill headwaters.
There was a positive relationship between relative light intensityand cell abundance. When a comparison was made of cell abundance on gravel with that on sand, mud and leaves, the former tended to be high and the latter low. Comparison of the effect of light conditions and substrate on cell abundance revealed that the effect of light conditions was great. The number of species was high when relative light intensity was high, whereas there was no clear relationship between differences in substrate and the number of species.
Batrachospermum moniliforme, Oscillatoria spp. and some Bacillariophyceae were distributed only in areas of high relative light intensity.Eunotia spp. tended to be distributed in areas of low relative light intensity.B. moniliformewas collected on only gravel, whereas other species were found on various substrates.
The water pH ranged from 6.2 to 7.8. When the pH was low, the proportion of Eunotia spp. among total diatoms became high, but when the pH was high, the proportion tended to be low. In the algal communities in whichEunotiaspp. grew, the number of species tended to decrease as the pH became lower.

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Effect of Aquatic Environment on the Benthic Community in the Tamagawa River

Masami INOKUCHI

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 139-145
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_139

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The plankton in Lake Nojiri

Teruo OCHIAI, Hidetoshi KAZAMA, Toshikazu TOKUTAKE

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 147-151
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_147

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Samples of surface plankton in Lake Nojiri were collected monthly from July 1988 to October 1991.
In zooplankton 26 species were found and 25 species in phytoplankton. The seasonal succession of main species was as follows.
Bosmina longirostrisobserved through the year, but dicreased in winter.Diaphanosoma brachyrum, Bosminopsis deitersi, Daphnia galeata, Eodiaptomus japonicusandPolyphemus pediculus appearedfrom summer to autamn, andThermocyclops hyalinusfrom spring to summer. On the other hand, Kellicottia longispina, Polyarthra vulgarisand Keratella quadratawere found from winter to spring.
Ceratium hirundinella, Melosira italics, Cyclotella comtaandFragilaria crotonensiswere obsreved through the year.Asterionella formosaappeared three season except in autumn
The prevalent species wereKeratella quadratain autumn, Ceratium hirundinellafrom spring to autumn, Dinobryon cylindricumin spring, Fragilaria crotonensisfrom autumn to early winter, Melosira italicaandAsterionella formosain winter.
In this Lake, Uroglenainduced a fresh water red tide from June to July in 1989. but never appeared again.Uroglena americanaobserved twice in a year from the middle of spring to the middle of summer and from the middle of autumn to winter.

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Diatoms from Hasu-ike pond in Toshodaiji, Nara prefecture

Suematsu NAKAI

1992 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 153-166
Published: December 31, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: December 09, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2521/jswtb.28.2_153

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