Japanese Journal of Water Treatment Biology
Online ISSN : 1881-0438
Print ISSN : 0910-6758
ISSN-L : 0910-6758
Volume 32, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • [in Japanese]
    1996 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 67-78
    Published: June 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • OSAMU NISHIMURA, HISAO SASAKI, KAI-QIN XU, SACHIKO ABE, RYUICHI SUDO
    1996 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 79-92
    Published: June 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The water bodies of coastal area are extremely eutrophicated due to the receiving of excess nutrients, and the original ecosystem is seriously damaged. To restore water environment in coastal areas, it is necessary to understand the behavior of nutrients and availability for algaeand marine plants. From this point of view, the release of nutrients from sediments was studiedin Matsushima Bay. It was observed that in winter algal biofilm was formed on the surface ofmuds and nutrients were absorbed by the biofilm. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of algal biofilm on the nutrient balance in Matsushima Bay. Results obtained from field surveys and laboratory experiments are summarized as follows.
    (1) Algal biofilm was composed of diatoms such as Navicula, Nitzschia and so on, and water qualities were improved, especially, concentrations of nutrients decreased significantly due to uptake of NOx-N and PO4-P.
    (2) The uptake rate of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) for algal biofilm on muds was expressed as a first-order function of DIN concentration of water, and the release rate of DIN was constant. The uptake and release rates of PO4-P were similar to those of DIN, but when PO4-P concentration of water was relatively low, PO4-P of pore water in sediment, which was not released usually, was absorbed by algal biofilm.
    (3) Mass balance model of nutrients was developed, and the behavior of nutrients was simulated using parameters from laboratory experiments. From the results of simulation, it was elucidated that the nitrogen load from the external was larger than that from the internal, and 70% of DIN and 90% of PO4-P from the influent were stocked in the sediment by the activity of algal biofilm.
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  • BOON-SING LEE, MITSURU AOKI, RYOZO IRIYE, KOKI MURAKAMI, KOICHI TATEIS ...
    1996 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 93-104
    Published: June 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In 1991, the dominant growth-bacteria were isolated from the aerobic night soil digestion tanks at Inachuo Sanitation Center, and 98% of them was found to be Bacillus sp. Their biochemical characteristics had been reported.In 1993, the treatment-ability of this facility was improved, and the dominant growth-bacteria and their biochemical characteristics were reinvestigated.The number of bacteria was up to 1×109cells/ml at the 1st tank, and 66% of them was accounted for Bacillus sp., 14% for Nocardioform bacteria, 14% for gram-positive bacteria, 2% for cocci, 3% for gram-negative bacteria, and 3% for Clostridium sp. Additionally, yeast (0.1%) was isolated. This time, Bacillus sp. (φ<0.5μm), gram-positive bacteria and Clostridium sp. were newly isolated, and the number of Nocardioform bacteria increased. Bacillus sp. and Nocardioform bacteria participated in hydrolysis of starch, while only Bacillus sp. hydrolyzed cookedmeat. In assimilation of soybean oil the participants were Bacillus sp., Nocardioform bacteria and cocci. Bacillus sp., and Nocardioform bacteria decomposed malodor components.
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  • KOKI MURAKAMI, BOON-SING LEE, YUKIO DOI, MITSURU AOKI, RYOZO IRIYE, KO ...
    1996 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 105-110
    Published: June 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Night soil has been aerobically digested effectively and malodorlessly at Inacuo Sanitation Center facility. In 1991, microorganisms in the digestion tanks were isolated, and 92-98% of them was Bacillus sp. On the basis on the biochemical characteristics and GC - contents, species of 32 strains of them were identified to be B. thuringiensis (12 strains), B. megaterium (1 strain), B. pumilus (16 strains) and B. subtilis (1 strain) . Strains identified to be B. thuringiensis showed the solubilizable ability of starch and the usable ability of ammonia as the source of nitrogen like B. megaterium, while strains identified to be B. pumilus showed to solubilize cooked meat, and to use nitrate ion like B. subtilis.
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  • YUKIO DOI, KOKI MURAKAMI, MITSURU AOKI, RYOZO IRIYE, KOICHI TATEISHI
    1996 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 111-121
    Published: June 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The Effects of magnesium, aluminium, ferric and manganese ions, and silitic acid on the growth of Bacillus sp. (32 strains) isolated from aerobic and malodorless digestion tanks of night soil were elucidated. By the comparison of OD value after 15 hr-incubation, the growth of 22 strains was fbund to be stimulated by magnesium ion at the concentration of 63 mg⋅l-1, and 25 strainsby the mixture of magnesium ion (32 mg⋅l-1) and silitic acid (53 mgl-1) . The fission of thefilaments was observed in the latter case. Aluminium, ferric and manganese ions promoted thegrowth of them at the concentration of 5 mg·l-1, and inhibited the growth in the concentration from 20 to 30 mg⋅l-1. By the addition of magnesium (300 g⋅day-1) into the digestion tank of night son (200 kL⋅day-1), the ratio of the excess activated sludge to the discharge decreased from 3.3: 100 to 2.73: 100 (the weight of excess sludge, 45t/week to 36t/week, water content, 79%) .
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  • MASUO YAMAMOTO, NOBUTADA NAKAMOTO
    1996 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 123-129
    Published: June 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This research was carried out toappreciate a slow sand filtration treatment by an investigation of suspended matter distribution in sand beds. The following results were obtained.
    1) Most of the suspended matter was trapped in the upper layer of the sand bed and the remainder, which hadpenetrated through the surface mud, was also retained in several centimeters depth from the surface.
    2) Vertical profiles of suspended matter in the sand bed in long filter run was similar as those in the normal filter run.
    3) From the vertical profiles of Chlorophyll / Total Organic Carbon ratio and that of Pheophytin / Total Organic Carbon ratio, there was shown that the algal matter could be entered into the deeper layer at Ishifune water works than Someya ones.
    4) The decrease rate order of the suspended matter in the sand bed was Chlorophyll > Pheophytin > Total Organic Carbon. It could be considered that the decomposition rate in the sand layer varied with the different substance.
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  • TORU IYO, TSUNEO YOSHINO, MASAHARU TADOKORO, TAKEHIKO OGAWA, SHIGERU O ...
    1996 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 131-142
    Published: June 15, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The treatment characteristics of small-scale domestic sewage treatment plants (SDSTPs), i.e., Kogata Gappei-shori Johkaso systems, using anaerobic-aerobic filter systems with flow-equalization, recirculation, and aluminum biofilter media were investigated for the purpose of simultaneous removal of BOD, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus, i.e., further improvement of effluent qualityin SDSTPs. Plant experiments were conducted under four different operating conditions. Run 1 was the control series with continuous fixed feeding and recirculation, but without aluminum biofilter media. In Runs 2, 3, and 4, the influent had two maximum flow rates (peak coefficient 6) and a feeding time of 14 hours. Run 2 was an operating series with no flow-equalization, no recirculation, and no aluminum biofilter media, and was the conventional treatment mode for SDSTPs installed in Japan. On the other hand, the SDSTP in Run 3 was a novel operational mode with flow-equalization and recirculation for denitrification. In addition, the SDSTP in Run 4 had a newer operational mode with flow-equalization, recirculation, and aluminum biofilter media for both denitrification and phosphorus removal. Run 3 showed a good performance for BOD and SS removals and denitrification, and the treatment efficiency in Run 3 was almost the same asthat in Run 1. The SDSTP in Run 4 demonstrated the simultaneous removal of BOD, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus because of flow-equalization, recirculation, and aluminum biofilter media. In Run 4, the effluent BOD was less than 10mg⋅l-1, and the effluent SS was less than 5mg⋅l-1. Furthermore, the effluent nitrogen and the effluent phosphorus in Run 4 were less than 10mg⋅l-1 and less than 1 mg⋅l-1, respectively.
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