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Volume 38 (2002)
- Issue 4 Pages 175-
- Issue 3 Pages 117-
- Issue 2 Pages 57-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 38, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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BEE GHIN YEOH, SHIGERU MORIMURA, IKBAL, TORU SHIGEMATSU, A.R. PUTRI R ...2002 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 57-67
Published: June 15, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe inhibitory effects of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), sulfur, stearic acid and Zn2+ contained in rubber thread wastewater on aceticlastic methanogens or nitrifyingbacteria were investigated. It was found that Zn2+ inhibited strongly the activity ofaceticlastic methanogens. After the pH of rubber thread wastewater was adjusted to 5, Zn2+ was removed to less than 5 mg l-1 by coagulation with addition of Na2S. After removal of Zn2+ in rubber thread wastewater, the TOC compounds and NH4+ were efficiently treated in anaerobic treatment followed by biological nitirification with recirculation. In this process, the TOC compounds and NO3- were simultaneously removed in the UAFP reactor. However, the TOC removal efficiency in the UAFP reactor decreased from 90% to 80% at the same TOC loading rate by recirculating the effluent from the nitirification reactor. Methane gas evolution rate also decreased proportionate to the decrease in the TOC removal efficiency. In addition, energy production of 19.5 kcal (l of rubber thread wastewater) -1 would be expected in the simultaneous treatment process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1314K) -
HIROSHI OGAWA, KEISUKE IWAHORI2002 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 69-77
Published: June 15, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDomestic wastewater treatment facilities, being called ‘Gappei-shori johkasou’, play an important role in the wastewater countermeasures of Japan. In small-scale gappei-shori johkasous for less than 50 persons'use, anaerobic filter process has been usually adopted as a primary treatment. Removal characteristics of organic compounds in this process have been reported, but the greater part of these results cannot be applied to the operation of johkasous as a practical matter, because of using artificial wastewater in the laboratory work. In this paper, therefore experimental investigations were carried out to make clear the removal characteristics of suspended solids, in addition to organic compounds, in this process of the actual johkasous.
The results showed that high SS removal ratio was achieved when netlike plates filter medium with a dimension of 100 mm×70 mm and ball-like skeleton filter medium were used in the 1st chamber and 2nd chamber of anaerobic filter tank, respectively. The BOD removal rate in this tank can be expressed by a linear reaction. Compared to a sedimentation/separation tank in which there is no filter medium, low molecule-ization of organic compounds in anaerobic filter tank progressed faster even though the HRT is three-fifth of that in sedimentation/separation tank. Most of the VFA in anaerobic filter tank was found to be decomposed into acetic acid and propyonic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (2913K) -
HAJIME IKUTA, MASATOSHI MATSUMURA, YUHEI INAMORI2002 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 79-86
Published: June 15, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMPN (most probable number) method has been used to quantify nitrifiers in activated sludge, and it was very useful for enumerating nitrifying activity. However, it takes about one month to get the results and requires a complicated operation. Consequently, in last decade, several immunological and molecular methods such as ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and FISH (Fluorescence in situ hybridization) methods have been developed to quantify nitrifiers rapidly. In this study, to enumerate ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) population in activated sludge more rapidly, a new quantification method, multi-well filtration ELISA using a monoclonal antibody against Nitrosomonas europaea was developed. The threshold of the calibration curve using N. europaea with multi-well filtration ELISA method was about 4.0×105 cells⋅ml-1, which was lower than that of normal ELISA. This means that the quantification range of AOB was extended. Furthermore, by using the multi-well filtration ELISA method, the bestowing time for biomass enumerating was decreased to 5 hours.
According to comparison of multi-well filtration ELISA, MPN and FISH methods, the property of multi-well filtration ELISA was more interrelated with that of MPN than that of FISH method when quantify AOB in activated sludge under practical conditions. Furthermore, multi-well filtration ELISA took results the most quickly among them.View full abstractDownload PDF (963K) -
KENJI FURUKAWA, JOSEPH D. ROUSE, URARA IMAJO, KANJI NAKAMURA, HIROAKI ...2002 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 87-94
Published: June 15, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResearch was conducted to probe for useful applications of less commonly considered nitrogen bio-transformation processes including anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) using continuous flow treatment with a non-woven biomass carrier for enrichment of slowly growing organisms. Reactors were seeded with sludge from an industrial denitrification unit process. Following seven weeks of operation under autotrophic anoxic conditions, disappearances of ammonium and nitrite with production of low levels of nitrate were evidenced at stoichiometric ratios approximating that of the anammox reaction documented at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. In subsequent loading rate studies, ammonium and total-nitrogen removal rates of 8.7 and 18.8 mg N l-1h-1, respectively, were achieved (hydraulic retention time, 9 h) . Furthermore a distinctly red biomass growth developed which is characteristic of the responsible microorganism (s) . The sequence of a 16S rDNA clone obtained from the red biomass matched that previously reported for the planctomycete firstly identified responsible for the reaction with a similarity score of 0.928 (99.1% sequence similarity) . To our knowledge, this constitutes the first substantiated confirmation of the biological anammox reaction outside of Europe.View full abstractDownload PDF (1023K) -
CHIKA TADA, TOMOAKI ITAYAMA, OSAMU NISHIMURA, YUHEI INAMORI, NORIO SUG ...2002 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 95-102
Published: June 15, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the effect of the manganese released from lake sediment on the growth of M. aeruginosa, the cyanobacterium was cultured with leachate obtained by column leaching experiments which used lake sediment in Lake Kasumigaura Japan. The growth of M. aeruginosa in the leachate of sediment at St.1 and St.9 reached the density higher than 1.2×106 cells⋅ml-1, and was larger than those at the other points. The corresponding manganese concentrations of these leachates were also more than 10 times higher than the other points. That is why, it was considered that manganese might promote the growth of M. aeruginosa. Furthermore, in order to clarify the relation between manganese and the growth of M. aeruginosa, it was cultured with the addition of manganese into leachates of sediment and artificial medium. From the results, the addition of manganese or EDTA in all leachates of sediment except those for St.l and St.9, also accelerated the growth of M. aeruginosa. Moreover, it was obvious that manganese only promoted the growth of M. aeruginosa in the presence of EDTA, according to the results of experiments with artificial medium. A comparison of the results of experiments with leachate of sediment and artificial medium indicated that manganese complexing-agents like EDTA were included in the leachate of sediment. The relation between manganese and complexing-agents released from sediment is thus important for controlling the growth of M. aeruginosa in eutrophic lake.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K) -
YOSHINORI TAKEZAKI, KATUSHI URYU, TAKAMASA TUJI, YASUTOSHI SHIMIZU, TO ...2002 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 103-110
Published: June 15, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated four types of biomass carrier for treating disposer wastewater at high BOD loading rate, and designed the treatment plant to purify wastewater from condominium disposer system. The BOD removal efficiency was correlated with the biomass retaining capacities of the carrier, and, among the carriers studied, polyurethane cubes showed the highest BOD removal at the BOD loading of 2.0 kg⋅ (m3⋅d) -1. Our results indicated the relationship between influent BOD sludge loading and BOD removal sludge loading. Therefore, on the basis of this relationship, we designed the treatment plant for purifying wastewater from the disposer system in a condominium, supposing that 32 persons was dwelling, and evaluated the treatment efficiency. In 1-year follow-up, this pilot plant showed the high BOD removal at all seasons.View full abstractDownload PDF (2319K) -
KANYA SORNSANIT, NAKAO NOMURA, VERONICA P. MIGO, MASATOSHI MATSUMURA2002 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 111-115
Published: June 15, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe anti-microbial activity of green tea (GT) and green tea polyphenols (GTPP) on Vibrio harveyi was investigated under different growth conditions: nutrient rich medium (325 agar mixed with GT and GTPP) and low nutrient conditions (sterile seawater) . Studies of its effects on the bacterial microflora in shrimp hepatopancreas were also explored. Both GT and GTPP were found to be effective against V. harveyi. The growth of V. harveyi was inhibited at 400 ppm GTPP and 1, 000 ppm GT on 325 agar plates. Under low nutrient conditions in saline environment simulating the natural habitat for Vibrio species, growth of V. harveyi was inhibited at 300 GTPP and 800 GT. The susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from shrimp hepatopancreas varied with the type of strain at different concentrations of GT and GTPP.View full abstractDownload PDF (691K)
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