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Volume 11, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Hisashi Nakamura1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 217
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis year is the 10 th anniversary of the establishment of the Japan Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry and, now being an old man, I am filled with deep emotion as I look back upon the past only to see how swift time flies.
In those days when the Association was to be established, it was feared that a technical association of this kind might go on successfully, and moreover our pulp and paper industry was then in its darkest days and I should say it was no easy job to the promotors.
Especially we must note the kind assistance and advice given then by Mr. Harold R. Murdock of G.H.Q.who suggested us to establish our association modeling after the TAPPI of U.S.A.
I offer my hearty congratulations on the development which our pulp and paper industry has accomplished, and it is for mutual congratulation that this development owes very much to the philomathy of the follow-members of the association.
In the Orient, from olden times we have been manufacturing many kinds of strong papers, using Kozo, Mitsumata and other bast-fibres. When compared with these bast-fibres, even kraft pulp, …which is believed to be the strongest material for paper-making today?c is too weak. I should say we must reconsider this point.
It is believed that the strength of paper is a question of the affinity between fibres and water. We already know that in order to increase the affinity, the beating of fibre is generally most important, but besides that we should also pay attention to what kind of paper we wish to make, because the strength required may vary according to the purpose of the paper we manufacture. And this would be the secret of paperView full abstractDownload PDF (224K) -
[in Japanese]1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 218-220,227a
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
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[in Japanese]1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 221-227
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2010
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[in Japanese]1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 228-232
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
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Shigeharu Onogi, Kiichiro Sasaguri1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 233-238
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA theory is presented in order to describe the density, elasticity and dynamic viscoelasticity of paper and other fibrous sheet in terms of their structure. The network model on which the theory is based is almost identical with that employed by Nimura and Kido, but the mathematical treatments are different. On computing the number of segments (portion of fiber between two adjacent junctions), the effect of the thickness of constituent fibers is considered. This leads to a excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental results.
The density and the modulus of elasticity of a sheet are respectiN ely proportional to those of the constituent fiber, and increase rapidly with increasing the number of junctions. The correlation between the modulus and the density of the sheet depend markedly upon the effect of the thickness and the distribution function of the inclination of segments to the plane of sheet.View full abstractDownload PDF (907K) -
Keisuke Ueno1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 239-244
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were made of the properties of “yezomatsu” (spruce) holocellulose fibers and “yezomatsu” sulfate pulps, from which the alkali-soluble hemicelluloses were extracted with various concentrations of aqueous alkali; the relations between strength properties of the handmade-sheets and the removed hemicelluloses were investigated. The compositson of the alkali-soluble hemicelluloses was also studied quantitatively by the chromatographic method. Results were as follows :
1) Swelling degree (retention of water) of pulp was proportional to the paper strength and was more affected by D.P. than by the content of hemicelloses. It may be possible to some extent to estimate the strength properties by determining the amount of water which is separated from the swelling pulp by the centrifugal method.
2) Breaking length and bursting strength increased with the amount of retained hemicelluloses. A certain hemicellulose (such as xylan, mannan) did not seem play any effective role relative to the strength properties of paper.
3) Over-all strength of paper was high when the hemicelluloses were partially removed from the pulp with aqueous alkali (e. g., ca. 0.5%).
4) The ratio of static strength (breaking length, bursting strength) and dynamic strength (tearing strength, impact strength) of paper can be controlled by the amount of the hemicelluloses retained in the material.View full abstractDownload PDF (610K) -
Influence of the Tension during Drying upon the Mechanical Properties of the Paper Sheet (2)Yukio Fujiwara1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 245-248
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHand-sheets were made and dried by the same method as described in the auther's previous report, and dried sheets were dipped in the water and expansion on wetting was measured
The wet expansion is as large as the actual dry shrinkage of the paper sheet dried under relatively high tension, but unrecoverable part on wetting is produced in the dry shrinkage of the sheet dried under lower tension. (See Fig. 5, Fig. 6)
A part of the breaking elongation is assumed to be ascribed to the reversal process of the dry shinkage, and the rest part of the elongation is about 3% in both longitudinal and transversal directions, which is affected a little by the tension during drying. This part of elongation is possibly ascribed to the extension of the fibers themselves and slipping between fibers accompanying fiber-bonds breakage.
It is ascertained that the tendency of the strength of paper for the increase of the tension is affected by the difference of stock preparation, beating and press.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
T. Kadoya1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 249-256,269a
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper discusses about the strength of two kinds of paper bags. One is a commercial packing bags made of bleached wrapping papers and the other, kraft paper bags. With the former, the results of falling test were compared with the Japanese standard strength test and special strength test.
It was found that the _??_ type paper strengh, _??_ type paper strength and folding endurance have a good correlation factor to the results of falling test. (see fig 7-13, table 3)
With the kraft paper bags, the rotation drum test and falling test by hand and by the instrument were experimented.
It was found that the fluctuation of the rotation drum test is less than the fluctuation of the falling test by hand and by the instrument. (see table 5, 8, 9, 10).View full abstractDownload PDF (1422K) -
Part 4. Anisotmpy of Medlanical Properties of PaperYoshihiko Fujii1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 257-260
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExplanation as regard anisotropy of mechanical properties of paper was tried from microscopic viscoelastic view point.
1) Assuming elliptic distribution of hydrogen bond in paper, anisotropy of apparent youngs modulus and second elastic constant was explained.
2) Result of assuming elliptic distribution of hydrogen bond, Young's modulus or strain under constant loads has not elliptic distribution.
These theoretical results correspond to some experimental data, but it is not decided.View full abstractDownload PDF (673K) -
Report I Sack Strength and Bursting StrengthMorimasa Hanaya1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 261-265
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe correlations among the tests values of bursting, tearing, tensile, tensile × elongation, drop number were studied.
The drop number was supposed as the function of the formula (I).
From the experimental data, the dependency of the drop number on the moisture content to the sack paper was given by the regression curve of the second degree (See Fig. 1).
It was concluded that the correlation between the drop number and bursting strength was not significant from the analysis of the data obtained in the drop tests of 600 sacks and the test values of bursting during past one year (See Fig. 2).
The correlation between the drop number and tearing strength was significant with 5% level of significance, so that the value of tearing test may be one of the measures which indicates the sack strength (See Fig. 3).
The drop number could be correlated to the value of the tensile strength x elongation and moisture content with 0.5% level significance (See Fig. 4).
It was quite clear from the stress-strain curves in the machine and cross directions and directional distribution of modulus of elasticity (See Fig. 5A &5B).
Therefore there was a significant correlationship between drop number and impact strength (See Fig. 6).
The bursting strength, which had not correlationship to drop number, is depend on the various factors, but the relation (5) …… (8) can be assumed as a first approximation. Approximate values of bursting stre.ngth can be computed by Fig. 5A, Fig. 8, Formula (8) and Fig. 9.
There was a significant correlation between bursting strength and ratio of the tensile strength in the machine and cross directions, if the paper are same basis weight and within definite region of tensile strength.View full abstractDownload PDF (865K) -
[in Japanese]1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 266-269
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
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[in Japanese]1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 270-275
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
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1957 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 276
Published: April 10, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
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