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Volume 15, Issue 6
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]1961 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 368-376
Published: June 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2010
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[in Japanese]1961 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 377-380
Published: June 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
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III. Comparison of Behavior of Hemicelluloses in Sulfite and Sulfate Cooking.Hisaaki Toda, Tsuneaki Kijima, Tadahira Hamada1961 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 381-388
Published: June 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral sulfite and sulfate pulps ranging in yield from about 80 to 47% have been prepared from fir and birch wood chips (Table 2 and 3), and their compositions, caustic soda solubilities and degree of polymerization of hemicellulose have been compared.
1. Since considerable amount of cellulose and mannan (or glucomannan) are removed from sulfate pulps at the beginning of cooking (Fig. 3), the pulps are generally lower in yield compared with sulfite pulps at the equal chlorine number (Fig. 2). Only hardwood sulfate pulps at chlorine number below about 6 are, however, higher in yield than sulfite pulp at the equal chlorine number, because a large amount of xylan remains in sulfate pulp, especially that of hardwood, even with much progress of cooking.
2. Sulfite pulps are usually higher in polysaccharide extracted with caustic soda solution at low concentration, compared with sulfate pulps at the equal unbleached pulp yield (Fig. 4).
3. Degree of polymerization of hemicellulose decreases a little during the sulfate cooking, while much during the sulfite cooking, especially at the beginning of cooking. In sulfite cooking, it reaches about a half even in high yield range such as 70% (Table 4, 5 and Fig. 5).
In a mild sulfite cooking of birch bleached sulfate pulp, degree of polymerization of hemicellulose decreases about 20%, and the resulted pulps are greatly reduced in bursting strength, especially tearing strength, than original pulp, in spite of a little change in other properties, such as pulp yield, degree of polymerization of total carbohydrate, solubility in 5% sodium hydroxide solution, fiber strength and fiber length (Table 8 and Fig. 7).
These results show probably that there are remarkable differences in swellability and strength of a bond between sulfite and sulfate pulps even at higher range of pulp yield.
It has been found, moreover, that degrees of polymerization of hemicelluloses decrease little during the usual bleaching processes of both sulfite and sulfate pulps (Table 7).View full abstractDownload PDF (1638K) -
On the Manufacture of the Vinylon PaperSigeo Oyama, Ryukichi Matsuo, Yukio Nakaba1961 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 389-393
Published: June 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study was made on the next problems which had been in question in manufacturing of Vinylom paper till now.
1) Diameter of Vinylon fiber and PVA fiber.
2) The containing amount of PVA fiber.
3) The softening temperature of PVA fiber in water.
By the experiments which were made assuming that the more both fibers were slender, the more their bonded area would increase and so the various strength of the paper, the next conclusions were obtained
1) The satisfying results were got when the both fibers were more slender.
2) The paper had maximum tensile strength when 1 den. PVA fiber contents were 15%
3) And maximum tearing strength when 10%
Scarcely any difference could be noticed in various strength for practical uses between the Vinylon paper containing PVA fiber with low dissolving temperature and the one containing it with high dissolving temperature, but the former had a less fluffy and a more bright surface than the latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (891K) -
Keizo Katagiri, Minoru Kubota, Masao Kayaguchi1961 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 394-398,409
Published: June 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy the use of Micro-Interferometer Niodel MI, the features of smoothness for various coated papers are observed. These features seem to closely relate with the visual degrees of smoothness of papers.Samples used are varnished art papers, brushed art papers and east coated papers.View full abstractDownload PDF (16551K) -
Setsuzo Ota1961 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 399-409
Published: June 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe texture of paper is a very important matter when it is printed upon. And the texture of paper rgreatly influences the quality of printing.
The reproducibility of printing is influenced by the microscopic roughness of paper. It is possible to determine it rather accurately by using a Bekk's smoothness tester, a roughness tester of stylus type, or a printing quality tester.
Gloss, density, and receptivity of ink are influenced by the texture of microscopic roughness which is the thickness of ink. In addition, the roughness can be determined indirectly by air or oil permeability, and directly by the blue ink wiping test or by using a pneumatic roughness tester (Denso-Aspero-Meter).
The vehicle absorption rate of the paper does not always influence the gloss of the printing. The microscopic roughness determines the gloss of printing if it is in mono-color, however, if the pape ris printed in multi-color pH does determine the gloss of printing.
And crystalization, mottling and chalking have no relation to velosity of the vehicle absorption when paper is printed actually in the pressroom, otherwise they might have a relation when paper is printed experimentally in the laboratory.View full abstractDownload PDF (1981K) -
Von Karl Kratzl1961 Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 410-418
Published: June 10, 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 17, 2009
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