There exist two kinds of methods for pulp refining ; that is, the low consistency refining and the high consistency refining. The low consistency refining method (LCR) has been conventionally used, but it has proved to damages and shortens the fibres. On the other hand, the high consistency refining (HCR) loosens the fibre structure and makes it flexible with a minimum of fibre damages, despite of the fact that HCR method requires more power in order to produce papers of maximum strength.
This paper presents comparisons between these two methods from the following points of view. (1) Comparison of paper formation measured by the Bata-Radiograph method. (2) Comparison of the microstructure of the fibre by the scanning electron micrographs. (3) Comparison of dry paper physical properties.
Our experiments have demonstrated the following. (1) The scanning electron micrographs of paper produced by each different rifining method show different shapes of fibre : In LCR method the outer layer of the fibre is removed in the lumpy shape, while external fibrillation of the HCR fibre is seen extensively and the fibre surface becomes fuzzy. (2) The paper formation by LCR method becomes poorer with high beaten pulp and the paper formation by HCR method grows better with high beaten pulp on the contrary to our expectation. (3) Uniform refining is a most necessary to obtain paper of good formation.
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