紙パルプ技術予測研究会は昭和56年6月1日機械振興会館において, 「これからの紙製品の変貌と技術的対応」と題する第2回紙パルプ未来技術予測シンポジウムを主催した。当日の講演題目4件 (講師7名) に婦し, 協賛者である紙パルプ技術協会から各講師に対して源稿執筆の依頼があり, 併せて序文の依頼を受けた。本稿はシンポジウム当日, 筆者が担当した開会の辞を加筆・修正したものである。
初めに, 技術予測研究会の生い立ち, 現在までの経過を紹介したのち, シンポジウムを企画するに至ったいきさつを述べる。

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General surveys on the recent and future trends of paper making, paper and paper board products which were researched by paper and board group in Japanese Forecasting Association of Pulp and Paper Technology are introduced in this paper.
Several propositions are revealed from view points of printing, reprography and packaging concerning with papermaking technology and its uses.
This paper is containing next terms,
1. Papermaking and printing technology
2. Reprographic technology and reprographic paper
3. Packaging industry and packaging materials
Appendexs are the representative results which are investigated on future trends of paper making, paper and board products which were published by Japanese Forecasting Association of Pulp and Paper Technology in 1979.

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I gave a general view on where printing should be located as a means of information transmission and on the present situation and further referred to the following :
1. Printing, having a history of more than 1, 200 years, has made its development by absorbing the most sophiscated technique of the ages and meeting the demands of customers.
Printing has served for a wide range of uses for the reasons, as compared with other information media, that mass production is easily made, it makes a faithful reproduction, it is inexpensive and it can be easily handled.
2. Image forming is made by such methods as mechanical, chemical and physical. Recently, CRT (cathode ray tube), LCD (liquid cristal display), PCD (photo-chromic display), ECD (electro-chromic display), etc. have developed as the way of representing moving images, while competing with printing. But, on the part of printing, it is promoting its own modernization by composing the competing ways into its process.
3. Since printing is a technique of “representation of imormation” which is made possible by the combination of many kinds of techniques, it is required to be made into a system by finding the most suitable combination while corresponding to the variation of needs in the market and the advancement of techniques related to paper, ink and machinery. The direction of advancement of printing technique, accordingly, may not be single but multiple.

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Move toward lighter weight for newspaper was made rapidly in North America and Europe being accelerated by the first energy crisis in 1973. More than 80% of conventional 32 lb (52 g/m²) paper changed to 30 lb (48.8 g/m²) in Europe by the end of 1973 and in North America by 1974. Further shift to 28 lb (45.6 g/m²) is being made there.
In Japan, 90.9% of the paper has changed to 48.4 g/m² in the begining of 1980. The technology developments, which helped achieve that move are;
(1) Twin-Wire Machine (since 1972)
(2) Thermo-Mechanical Pulping
(3) Technology development of Deinked Pulp
(4) Advance in offset printing technology in news print
In the case of coated printing papers, the move to lighter weight is reflected in the remarkable growth of LWC worldwide. The present paper discusses about the press technology developments made in concert with that move.

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Hokuetsu Paper Mills, Ltd. was established in 1907. It has four mills in Niigata (introduced in Japan Tappi Vol 34, No. 2 1980), Nagaoka, Ichikawa and Katsuta.
Katsuta mill is located in Katsuta city, Ibaraki Pref., 75 miles northeast of Tokyo. The mill started its operation in 1971 as a converting division of Hokuetsu Paper Mills and a large paper board machine was installed in 1975.
The plant, which has a large scale tertiary water purification system using activated carbon as a perfect antipollution device, products 5-ply coated card boards from recycled materials.
With the new products, Hokuetu has now a full line of products, that is, “MARI-kote” (Coated white board produced at Ichikawa mill), “PERFECT” (Ivory board produced at Niigata mill) and “CLEAN-K-kote” (coated card produced at Katsuta mill).
The daily production capacity of paper board at Katsuta is about 216 tons. Katsuta mill has approximately 200, 000 m2 site and has about 120 employees.

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As is well known, pulp yields are closely related with the chemical composition of woods. The authors previously pointed out that sulphate pulp yieldsfrom some eucalyptus woods, which contained substatial amounts of polyphenolic extractives like kino, could be predicted by the fol-lowing equation :
pulp yield= (wood - kino index) ×0.50
However, Eucalyptus diversicolor (Karri) gave significantly higher values than calculated by the above. This aspect has been investigated more in detail in this study.
Six E. diversicolor woods from Manjimup, Western Australia, which were of different ages from 16 to 93 years, each of which involved three specimens from the butt, middle and top portions, Karri mill chips from the same source, eucalyptus chips of mixed species from northern Tasmania and plantation eucalyptus chips of five species from South Africa were used. Teak (Tectonagrandis) wood was also studied, which is known containing anthraquinones.
Wood analysis of the above samples were shown in tables and figures, where Karri samples showed high polyphenol contents as well as teak wood.
Soda, sulphate and tetrahydroanthraquinone (THAQ) -soda pulping by active alkali addition of 12 and 18% were carried out on each sample. As the results, Karri samples gave lower Kappa numbers at the given polyphenol content or higher carbohydrate yields at the given Kappa number compared with other eucalyptus, especially at the lower alkali addition in soda pulping. For example, the carbohydrate yield for Karri wood at Kappa number 80 in soda pulping by12% active alkali was64% compared with57.3% of E. macarthuri. As a part of polyphenols condensed with lignin and remained in pulp, which could be measured as Kappa number or Klason lignin, the true residual lignin in such a pulp should be lower.
In the cases of Karri and teak wood, carbohydrate retention and delignification could not be improved by adding sodium suphide or THAQ. Both species showed similar behaviours in alkaline pulping relevant to the pulp yield and Kappa number.
Karri, mixed eucalyptus and teak wood were extracted with methanol or1% NaOH solution and cooked by soda process. Also soda pulping of these species were carried out. It was difficult to confirm theeffects of extractives on pulping in both cases, including teak wood. Detections of anthraquinone in methanol extractives from Karri woods by gel chromatographp followed by paper chromatography and the anthrone reaction after reduction treatments gave no positive result.

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This paper describes on the new optical method for an evaluation of the state of fibrillation of paperinaking fibers. Turbidity and light absorption coefficient were defined as follows.
τ=1n (I₀/I), ε= (1/C) 1n (I₀/I)
C : pulp consistency, I, I₀ : transmitting light intensity of pulp suspension and water respectively
τ : turbidity, ε : light absorption coefficient
Effects of fiber length and cross sectional area (corresponds to denier) on turbidity were investigated by rayon fibers. It was found that turbidity did'nt depend on the fiber length, but was affected by width strongly. Specific surface area calculated from light absorption coefficient under certain assumption gave nearly the same value to surface area estimated from definition of denier. For classified unbeaten pulp, light absorption coefficient of hardwood bleached kraft pulp suspension is larger than that of softwood bleached kraft pulp suspension at the same fraction. On the other hand, light absorption coefficient of short fiber fraction is larger than that of long fiber fraction for both two pulps. These facts were explained by the difference of fiber width. It was observed that the width of hardwood bleached kraft pulp fiber was smaller than that of softwood bleached kraft pulp fiber at the same fraction and that the fiber width of short fiber fraction was smaller than that of long fiber fraction. This optical method was not affected with lignin content as well as temperature of suspension.

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