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Volume 38, Issue 11
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Takashi Kadoya1984 Volume 38 Issue 11 Pages 1077-1084
Published: November 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is described on the critical view how to evaluate the behavior of papers.
In order to measure the fundamental properties of paper in accurately, first of all, we should carefully measure the moisture content and thickness of paper considerin grelative humidity-temperature dependence and surface roughness influences.
The subjective evaluation of stiffness of paper not only depend on the elastic modulus and caliper of paper but also the balance of these two factors. In addition, this paper discusses the permanence of paper. In spite of much research works and even though the factor which cause ageing are fairly cliar, it is still impossible to predict with precision the permanence of individual paper samples using artificial test. This paper also introduce the subjective evaluation of degradated paper by five level of Excellent (4 point), Good (3 point), Fair (2 point), Brittle (1 point) and Very Brittle (0 point) which are proposed by Japanese Library Committee.
Finally, the typical results of subjective evaluation of 8 terms for 9 kinds of commercial printing papers (64g/m2) are presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (1447K) -
Technology on Kraft Pulp Bleaching with Chlorine (Part-II)Makoto Iwasaki1984 Volume 38 Issue 11 Pages 1085-1095
Published: November 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
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Kuniaki Kimura1984 Volume 38 Issue 11 Pages 1096-1101
Published: November 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe on-line cooking liquor analyzer has been introduced to the kraft pulping process (full bleached eucalyptus pulp).
The analyzer has been installed in a circulation line of a batch digester and the change of alkali concentration during the cooking is measured continuously.
The Kappa number is induced from the multiple regression function which includes alkali change and alkali concentration drops in the initial phase and bulk delignification phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (1335K) -
Conducted by Sending Questionnaire to Member CompaniesJ. TAPPI Energy Conservation Committee, [in Japanese]1984 Volume 38 Issue 11 Pages 1102-1111
Published: November 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Pulp and paper Industry of Japan, leading countermeasures of energy saving have been concentrated in the steam saving.
Namely, half of the energy saving investment was spend on the steam-saving-field between 1976 and 1978.
During 1979 and 1981, however, the investment on the steam equipment turned to declined to the 30% level and it is still decreasing now. On the other hand, the countermeasures to the waste heat recovery and effective use of electrical power have been increasing.View full abstractDownload PDF (1630K) -
Gifu Mill, Nagoya Pulp Co., Ltd.Nagoya Pulp Co. Ltd.1984 Volume 38 Issue 11 Pages 1112-1116
Published: November 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNagoya Pulp Co., Ltd. was established in 1956.
The mill is located in Kani City, Gifu Prefecture and has a capacity of 3, 300 tons of paper (machined glazed paper, wrapping paper and speciality grades of paper) with 3 Yankee machines and 13, 500 tons of pulps (LBKP and NBKP) per month.
Lately New No.3 paper machine which produces fine paper, ppc, business form paper has started its operation and is making a trial run.
The mill site area is about 185, 000 m2 and the number of employees is about 430.View full abstractDownload PDF (2732K) -
1984 Volume 38 Issue 11 Pages 1117
Published: November 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (115K) -
Wood Science Committee1984 Volume 38 Issue 11 Pages 1121-1126
Published: November 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
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Da Bin Zhou, Yoichi Endo, Tamami Iwata, Raysabro Oye1984 Volume 38 Issue 11 Pages 1127-1135
Published: November 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA cationic neutral sizing agent of a self fixing type was synthesized from rosin, styrene and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate according to a patent. It was found that the optimum formulation of the raw materials was as much as 8.5 percent of rosin, when the ratio of styrene and dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate was I.: 3. The sizing effect by the synthetic size was not influenced by pH at sheet-making and was equivalent to that of an emulsion type rosin size treated in an acidic condition with alum.
This synthesized size has a tendency to improve sheet strengths. This is beneficial to the paper which needs higher strengths and sizing effect. Moreover, degradation of sheets during aging at 80°C and 80% RH was the lowest for the ones treated with the synthesized size as well as untreated sheets, but substantally high for the sheets treated with acidic rosin size or alkylketene dimer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1337K) -
Djamal Sanusi, Yasuo Kojima, Tsutomu Kayama1984 Volume 38 Issue 11 Pages 1136-1143
Published: November 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChemical pulps from red lauan wood were ozonated at various ozone charge to determine ozone consumption, brightness and bleached yield. The brightness reversion and the physical characteristics of the bleached pulps were also studied. About 85% brightness could be achieved by bleaching at an optimum ozone consumption followed by peroxide in second and third stages. Peroxide bleaching was found to be effective in reducing the brightness reversion. Alcohol-benzene and cyclohexane extracts had a negative effect on the brightness and the brightness reversion. Ozone bleached kraft pulp had better overall strength properties than those of CEDED bleached pulp. The strength properties of ozone bleached alkali-methanol pulp were lower than those of the pulp bleached with the CEDED sequence.View full abstractDownload PDF (1255K) -
Properties of Flax PulpHiroshi Hara1984 Volume 38 Issue 11 Pages 1144-1156
Published: November 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFlax is composed of fibers and xylem parts which differ from each other in the chemical or morphological properties. Most fibers are slender bast fibers with thick cell walls, which is mostly made of cellulose. Xylem parts are consist of small cells, of which main chemical components are lignin and hemicellulose as well as cellulose.
The distribution of lignin in flax stem was measured by the method of UV micrography using microdensitometric tracing. As the results, it was found that considerable amount of lignin exists in the xylem of the stem, lignin concentration of middle lamella in the secondary xylem was higher than those in other parts and a little lignin exists in the phloem of the stem.
Flax pulp was prepared by the neutral sodium sulphite process and beaten to various freeness. These beaten flax pulp fibers were observed by an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The number and length of branched fibrills were measured after freeze drying. It was recognized that the number and length of fibrills which were branched from fiber and the number of secondarily branching increased with beating. And the values of them were bigger than those in case of wood pulp.
Besides, it was found that fiber shortening took place and increase of the water retention value of the flax pulp was less than that of wood pulp, that is to say, fiber shortening and external fibrillation of flax pulp were caused mainley by beating.
The structure of hand sheets which prepared from flax pulp of varied freeness were measured by the mercury penetration method. As the results, it was recognized that hand sheets from flax pulp had more pore volume and larger average pore diameter than those from wood pulp. And micropores of them increased along with the progress of beating.
The properties of the hand sheets had following characteristics, such as high opacity, low density and high porosity. These properties were caused by characteristics of chemical and morphological properties of flax bast fiber and their behaviours during beating.View full abstractDownload PDF (4750K)
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