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Volume 51, Issue 8
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Yoshinori Kitano1997 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 1135-1150,033
Published: August 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Masato Nakajima1997 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 1151-1160,033
Published: August 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe recent technical trends of internal paper sizes are reviewed. The selection of adequate sizes for each different papermaking conditions and to increase the fixing rate of the sizes are the most important role in using the sizes. To satisfy these requirements, the basic mechanisms of the absorption and retention of sizes are summarized.
To review the recent technical trend, the rosin emulsion sizes with polymer based emulsifier for acid papermaking, and AKD, ASA and cationic polymer sizes for alkaline papermaking are selected. The characteristic point and the recent technical trend of selected sizes are described. In addition to those selected sizes, the rosin based neutral sizes, which are now widely accepted and used for the PPC grade paper production, is specially described for its design philosophy, using methods with fixing agents and alum, and its characteristics.
The review also described the new development of the rosin based sizes for acid-neutral papermaking (applicable pH range is between 5 to 7), to meet the recent industrial situation, increased use of recycled paper containing calcium carbonate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1508K) -
Kunio Sugaya1997 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 1161-1172,033
Published: August 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIndustrialization of synthetic dyestuffs took place in England with discovering “MAUVE” by Dr. Perkin in 1856 and development of the dyestuffs was firstly aimed tocoloring textile materials. Dyestuffs as functional coloring substances are now widely appliedin coloring pulp, paper, plastics and even color-filters like LCD or CCD related tosemi-conductor. Role of the dyestuffs will sure become to be more important and expandedin various field of new application.
Pulp has long been dyed in beater with many kinds of dyestuff such as basic, acid, sulfur, reactive and direct, but direct dyestuffs among them are now mainly used due to theireasy application. Recently cationic-direct dyestuff which has cationic group in its moleculeis now under development to endow high color fixation and less stained effluent.
General properties of conventional dyesyuff in paper dyeing is stated in this paper. Andnew application method and dyeing recipe for time-saving dyeing and rationalization of thewhole process with newly developed cationic-direct dyestuff also introduced here in comparisonwith conventional anionic-direct dyestuff.View full abstractDownload PDF (1648K) -
Kiyoyuki Egusa1997 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 1173-1190,034
Published: August 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the former report (part I), we reported the problem of slime deposits and countermeasure for those problems in paper making process.
In this report (part II), we report the problem for pulp slurry, starch, retention aid, dyestuffs, alum and coating color putrefied by microorganism and countermeasure for theproblems at first. The fouling problems from pitch and scale deposit and countermeasurewill be reported secondarily, and the application for the cleaning procedure and chemicaland antifoaming agent will be reported in the end.
The closed system will have been developed in paper making process and complicateddeposits way be occurred more and more in future. Existing big paper mills are operatedmore than 1, 000m/min and these mills are reaching very seriuous. It is very important toestablish a systematic countermeasure for chase complicated deposit stage because paperquality and production are reduced by those deposit. We hope you will find out to establishcounter measure for the deposit problem in this report.View full abstractDownload PDF (9258K) -
Akira Takahashi1997 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 1191-1204,034
Published: August 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe energy consumption and energy saving of the pulp and paper industry in 1995 are reviewed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1914K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 1205
Published: August 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (242K) -
Hiroshi Kataoka, Shigenori Kuga, Fumihiko Onabe1997 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 1208-1212,035
Published: August 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluence of surface roughness of paper on its liquid absorption behavior was studied by dynamic scanning absorptometry (DSA). Commercial wood-free and newsprint papers showed small but definite differences in water absorptivity between top side and bottom side, apparently due to the difference in surface roughness. Laboratory handsheets with surface roughness modified by combinations of various wet press conditions and drying methods showed significant variations in roughness index and absorption coefficient. Handssheets with widely differing roughness prepared by wet-pressing against sand papers of various grades gave roughness index values corresponding to the sand paper grade used. There is positive correlations between the roughness index and the absorption coefficient for water, showing that surface roughness itself is a controlling factor for absorptivity; the relation, however, depends on the level of sizing. Roughness index with linseed oil as test liquid showed more direct dependence on surface roughness than with water. Absorptivity of linseed oil, on the other hand, did not depend on surface roughness. Rouhgness index values from DSA measurement showed a universal correlation with the air-leak type smoothness (Oken Smoothness) for a wide range of roughness.View full abstractDownload PDF (1020K) -
Analysis of Lignin in Tropical HardwoodsHiroshi Ohi, Yukino Yasuta, Akiko Izumi, Ken-ichi Kuroda1997 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 1213-1223,035
Published: August 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPyrograms of pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) from thirteen species of tropical hardwoods were obtained under pyrolytic conditions with a Curie-point pyrolyzer at 500°Cfor 4 seconds to determine twenty six pyrolysis products and to estimate ratios of syringylunits to guaiacyl units (S/G ratios) of lignin and lignin-like substances. Before thepyrolysis, wood meals were extracted with benzene and successively with 70% acetone/wa-ter to remove tannins and other phenols. The observed S/G ratios were in good agreementwith syringaldehyde/vanillin (S/V) ratios obtained by nitrobenzene oxidation. The extractedkapur wood meals were treated with hot 1% NaOH solution to extract lignin-like sub-stances. On a pyrogram of the 70% acetone/water extractives, guaiacol, 4-vinylguaiacol, syringol, and 4-vinylsyringol were identified as main pyrolysis products. On a pyrogram ofa chloroform-soluble part of the hot 1% NaOH extractives, vanillin and acetoguaiaconewere identified as main peaks, and the characteristic of the pyrogram was quite differentfrom that of lignin. In order to simplify a method for determination of acid-insoluble (Klason) lignin in tropical hardwoods, wood samples extracted with 70% acetone/waterwere hydrolyzed at 121°C, and the acid-insoluble residues were characterized by Py-GC.The conents of acid-insoluble residues, which were given by hydrolysis with 3% or 4%sulfuric acid at 121t for 1 hour, were slightly smaller than the Klason lignin contents. Onpyrograms of the acid-insoluble residues given by hydrolysis with 4% sulfuric acid, ratios of 4-methyl guaiacol (4-methylsyringol) to guaiacol (syringol) were higher than those on pyrograms of the Klason lignins.View full abstractDownload PDF (2071K) -
1997 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 1224-1231
Published: August 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3852K) -
[in Japanese]1997 Volume 51 Issue 8 Pages 1232-1236
Published: August 01, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (936K)
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