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Volume 52, Issue 7
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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An Expanding ResourceE. F. Boswell1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 885-889
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe world is in the midst of a huge fundamental shift in fibre supply, demand balances, and policy changes. Governments around the world are introducing policy changes which influence the supply demand balance as the politicians' thoughts are uttered. Government agencies and their bureaucrats are imposing changes on industry even before the legislation is passed by the government in question.
This ad hoc change process will continue for a time to come until the countries in question show a tough-mindedness with regard to their land use policies. Policies affecting forest areas such as protection areas, Native land claims, the protection of biodiversity and a true goal of sustainable development ; which addresses the combined issues of cultural, environmental, social and economic matters.
Eventually all of these difficult issues will reach essential closure. Then there will be great new opportunities for investment to meet the growing demand for forest products ; leading to a strengthening competitive position in the more traditional producing areas such as Canada.View full abstractDownload PDF (624K) -
Byung-Ho Yoon, In-Hwa Choi1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 890-895
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPaper is used as a cultural transmitter and a life essential in our daily life. In particular, paper is light and easy for cutting, folding, tearing, etc. While it is easy deteriorated by insects or microbes. As a friendly substance to environment, therefore, it will go together with the human being forever. As of 1996, the production volume of both paper and paperboard in Korea totaled 7, 681, 000 metric tons and the paper consumption a citizen averaged 150.2 kg. The principal meterial of paper having such importance is wood, specifically pulp. The production amount of pulp in Korea was 531, 759 tons, accounting to 25% of her total demand for the year, which was covered by Hansol Paper (GP 51, 196 tons : TMP 13, 247 tons), Sejong Paper (GP 23, 782 tons), Daehan Paper (GP 9, 299 tons), and Donghae Pulp for the remainder (BKP 319, 232 tons). The production of pulp in Korea needs wood and chips domestically as well as abroad. Korea is very short of wood, not to speak of pulp.
Considering the situation facing Korea, therefore, this review intends to discuss in more detail the situation and forecast of the production of pulping wood in Korea and the status of demand for and supply of virgin pulp and waste paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (2071K) -
Terry J. Fullerton, Gerard P. Horgan, R. Paul Kibblewhite1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 896-900
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe forest industry in New Zealand continues to expand and it is forecast that the amount of forests available to harvest will increase substantially over next 30 years. Based on the forests already planted there will be an availavility of at least 30 million m3 of wood per annum by the year 2010. Depending on planting rates over the next 20 years the harvest could well increase to more than 50 million m3 from 2025 onwards. To achieve this level of harvest will require a planted forest estate in excess of 2.5 million hectares. By far the most predominant species is radiata pine which grows exceptionally well under New Zealand conditions. With forestry already accounting for 12.8% of New Zealand's total exports this additional wood supply represents a major opportunity for New Zealand to substantially increase its export earnings by maximising the value of this wood and fibre resource.
Radiate pine is well suited to the manufacture of a wide range of solid wood, reconstituted wood products and pulp and paper products. Its value can also be significantly enhanced by taking advantage of the variability in wood and fibre types both within a single tree and between families and clones of the same species. This variation can be used to maximise product quality by selecting different parts of the tree or differrent radiata pine clones for a particular end use.View full abstractDownload PDF (2609K) -
Rob de Fégely, Kevin Johnson1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 901-906
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAustralia has a trade deficit in wood and wood products of around AUD 2 billion per annum. The reason is low value exports, primarliy woodchips and high value imports predominantly pulp and paper products and sawntimber.
Increasing harvest levels from plantation should allow Australia to reach self sufficiency in forest products around the years 2005 to 2010. Following which Australia will have to aggressively enter the export market.
The supply of fibre from native forests is expected to remain relatively stable as harvesting is undertaken on the basis of sustainability. The expected supply will be around 10 million m3 per annum of which product estimates are 7 million m3 of pulpwood and 3 million m3 of sawlogs.
Conversely, the supply from plantations is expected to increase substantially. Softwood, of which the majority is Radiata pine will rise from a current level of around 10 million m3 to over 12 million m3 by 2020. The majority of hardwood plantations are Eucalyptus and mostly grown for pulpwood and production is expected to increase ten fold from current level of around 700, 000 m3 to around 7 million m3 by 2020.
The domestic supply of recovered paper will be dependant on improved collection systems, government regulations and market factors such as competitiveness but consumption is expected to increase from 1.2 million tonnes per annum to over 2.1 million tonnes by 2010. The majority of the consumption will be supplied domestically.View full abstractDownload PDF (2102K) -
Ching-Biau Chang1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 907-914
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe paper industry of Taiwan is also affected by the slow pace of rebound after the previous big dip globally, the development has slowed substantially. However, in pace with the overall economic expansion of Taiwan, the paper industry is still maintaining steady growth. The total production of paper and board in 1996 reached 4.34 million metric tonnes, growing 2.2% as compared with the previous year. The ratio of board to paper products is 74 : 26, suggesting an export oriented economic and trade structure of Taiwan. On import and export of paper products, the dependency reached 24% and 27%, or 1.08 and 0.92 million metric tonnes, re-spectively. Among the imports, newsprint accounted for 350, 000 metric tonnes ; whereas among the exports, 400, 000 metric tonnes of industrial paper and 370, 000 metric tonnes of coated paperboard made up the majority. This suggests that although the overall productions and sales are roughly in balance, there is imbalance of the paper varieties and grades needing adjustment by import and export. The annual apparent paper and board consumption of 1996 reached 456 million metric tonnes, although slightly lower than the peak 473 million metric tonnes reached in 1994, the average per capita consumption still reached 212 kg, and ranked among the top ten paper consumer nations of the world.View full abstractDownload PDF (4227K) -
Thirty Years of TransitionWilliam S. Fuller1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 915-921
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen I entered the industry, fiber was abundant and relatively cheap. In the West, teepee burners were increasingly being replaced by chippers. Sawmills were just beginning to see chips as a valuable by-product of lumber manufacture. Still, over 70% of the chips used in mills came from debarking and chipping “fiber logs” culled from sawmill sorts for breakage, decay and crook. Chippers up to 5.5 meters in diameter could devour logs over one meter in diameter in seconds. Research was underway to utilize smaller logs in sawmills and the chipping headrigs we see in every sawmill today were just being developed. In the South, the rapid expansion of the pulp and paper industry was well underway. Wood supply was largely shortwood delivered in every kind of truck imaginable. Like the West, round logs processed in central woodrooms were the main source of fiber. A big difference between the West and South was tree size. Another was the relative importance of wood for saw timber. In the South, sawlog quality logs often found there way into a chipper because the local demand was so strong from a pulp mill. This would soon change and longwood and tree-length systems have almost completely replaced traditional shortwood. Over the last three decades, there have been many changes in supply trends and technology. The import and export of chips has expanded from its beginnings on the West Coast of the U.S. Today chips move around the world by the boatload to balance the strong global fiber demand. Mills have invested in chip storage, handling and processing systems to improve the quality, value and uniformity of chips. And this makes good economic sense because from one-third to half the cost of making pulp is the chips.View full abstractDownload PDF (2913K) -
Zhong Wang, Johan Gullichsen1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 922-928
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNew chips were cut by a new chipping technique applicable to sawmill chipping to a unique thickness and length. There is no chip size profile and screening is not needed before use. Reference chips cut from the same stem with a conventional sawmill chipper were screened to eliminate overthick chips, fines and pin chips. Conventional kraft cooking, beating and chlorine dioxide bleaching were performed in laboratory scale. The results show that, new chips improve the delignification selectivity. They have a higher yield at comparable kappa reduction and brightness increment than reference chips. These advantages were maintained through oxygen delignification and chlorine dioxide bleaching. Good fibre properties of pulps from new chips result in better pulp strength properties. One unit more of tear index at 70 Nm/g tensile was observed for pulp from new chips. All these findings indicate that this new chipping technique offers great potential for improving the uniformity of kraft pulping, and for maximum utilization of raw materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
Thomas Granfeldt1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 929-936
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMixed Office waste is a rather heterogeneous raw material with three major components that need bleaching and color removal : dyed fibers mechanical pulp and unbleached kraft pulp fibers. The content of these components varies from mill to mill, and also within each mill. This puts high demands on a modern bleaching system.
In this paper we present a laboratory evaluation of peroxide bleaching at high temperatures. The study shows that high temperature peroxide bleaching results in a higher bleaching rate and a better utilization of hydrogen peroxide. This in turn yields a better decoloring of chromophores present in lignin and dyes, and thus a higher brightness at lower peroxide consumption levels than in standard peroxide bleaching. Also pulps containing more than 30% mechanical fibers can be bleached with peroxide at temperatures above 100°C, if the metal content is controlled.
The result from the laboratory trials is confirmed by mill scale trials. Two modern mill systems for bleaching mixed office waste were evaluated. The systems are based on a high temperature peroxide bleaching stage followed by a conventional reductive stage with either hydrosulfite or formamidine sulfinic acid (FAS).View full abstractDownload PDF (2641K) -
The North American PerspectiveBrian W. Attwood, Kathleen Bennett, David Peakes1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 937-939
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors are pleased to present to the 1997 JAPAN TAPPI Annual Meeting a North American perspective on the environment. The forest products industry includes activities in fiber supply, pulp making, paper/board manufacture, printing, packaging, recycle, and disposal. Each of these activities impacts the environment in one way or another. In this brief presentation today however, it is not possible to discuss in depth the environmental impact of each activity. The authors desire to focus on four western areas :
·What's Significant and What's Not
·Recent Accomplishments
·Where We Are Headed
·What We Are Working TowardView full abstractDownload PDF (1878K) -
Shou Tsu Huang1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 940-944
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIndustrial development today is no longer simply a management problem of efficient utilization of resources and energy. It has to be constrained by “sustainable development of the environment” and “civil cultural concerns”. The management of enterprises need to establish environmental management and responsible care system, to move under a practical management strategy toward persistent educating all company staff on the concepts and values of environmental protection and ecological conservation, and to use cleaner production technologies to drive a greening business culture.
The environmental protective management strategy are as follows : Fibrous raw materials (silviculture of quick grow species, Raise pulp and paper production yield), Water resources (Classification of water quality and reduce feed water, Closure of white water system, Recycling and reuse of treated effluent), Energy (Process improvement, Raise the operational consistency of the pulp stock, Co-generation, Waste paper recycling), Pollution abatement (Promote the ISO 14001, Persistent reduction of air, water and solid waste, Resource recycling and reuse of industrial waste).View full abstractDownload PDF (1956K) -
Rob de Fégely, Rod J. Bristow1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 945-949
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe National Forest Policy, in conjunction with the Wood and Paper Industries Strategy and the Regional Forest Agreement process, are key elements in the Government's policy of integrating industry and conservation objectives for Australia's native forests. This integration will remove uncertainty over access to native forest resources in Australia, and allow for the establishment of an internationally competitive forest-based industry in Australia. This industry will not only be internationally competitive, but will operate within the framework of a world class reserve system under the international guidelines of ecologically sustainable forest management, as determined and applied by the Montreal Process criteria and indicators.View full abstractDownload PDF (2671K) -
Terry J. Fullerton1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 950-951
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom an environmental perspective New Zealand has a number of inherent advantages compared to many of the other major wood producing nations. Our production forests of softwood plantations have been purpose grown for export and therefore do not have the same constraints on access to them as do more environmentally sensitive forests in other countries. Also much of the energy used for processing of our wood resource in New Zealand is generated by hydroelectricity which is more environmentally acceptable than the fossil fuels or nuclear energy used in many other countyries. It has also been found that the fibre produced is excellent for recycling as it is more resistant to degradation in the recycling process than many other fibre types.View full abstractDownload PDF (2335K) -
H. -J. Peter Cho1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 952-953
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOver the past three decades, the pulp and paper industry has been one of the fastest growing industries of Korea. The country's paper and paperboard consumption has grown at a rate of 14% per year from 0.05 million M/T in 1960s to 4.52 million M/T in 1990s, which is greater than the growth. rate of the general economy of the country.
With the limited potential of its own resources, the pulp and paper industry is heavily dependent upon the fiber resources of foreign, countries. The lack of fiber has led to an imbalance in the development of pulp and paper industry-few pulp mills and many paper mills. As a result, most paper mills rely heavily on imported pulp and wastepaper. This poor resource endowment has led the paper industry to adopt a technology which uses a high ratio of wastepaper upto 55%.View full abstractDownload PDF (2204K) -
Strategies for the FutureGeorge H. Weyerhaeuser Jr.1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 954-957
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is an honor to be invited to speak to the international session of Japan TAPPI, and a pleasure to be once again in Tokyo. TAPPI's international role in helping the pulp and paper industry to continuously improve its environmental performance is widely respected, and appreciated.
My remarks this morning will briefly summarize the current status of environmental issues in the Canadian pulp and paper industry. Its divided into five sections : First, I will review the performance of the Canadian industry as a whole. Next, we will look at Canada's regulatory climate, and issues affecting the industry. Third, we'll look at the international environmental movement, and issues currently targeted by prominent groups such as Greenpeace. Then I will share a perspective on Weyerhaeuser's strategies to address the increasing demands of environmental management. Finally, I will conclude with some observations about future frends.View full abstractDownload PDF (2816K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 958
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (172K) -
Yasuyuki Kamijo, Hiroshi Ono, Takanori Miyanishi1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 959-967
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnionic trash derived from mechanical pulp deteriorates the effect of retention aids and causes pitch problems in papermaking systems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pitch control ability of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). The adsorption of model pitch onto PCC with different particle sizes has been studied. Abietic and oleic acids and dissolved and colloidal anionic substances in mechanical pulp were used as model samples pitch in this study. Both abietic and oleic acids were adsorbed onto the PCC. However, the amount of adsorbed oleic acid on the PCC was much more than that of abietic acid. It was elucidated by the measurement of FT-IR that the oleic acid was adsorbed onto the PCC as a calcium oleate. The zeta-potential of PCC was changed from positive to negative with the adsorption of the model pitch. It was confirmed by infrared spectrum measurement that the model pitch adsorbed onto PCC formed calcium salts with calcium (II) ion on the PCC surface. The PCC particles were flocculated after adsorption of the model pitch, whereas the talc particles were not flocculated. This phenomenon can be explained by the difference in the adsorption mechanism.
Dissolved and colloidal substances in the TMP furnish were shown to be adsorbed on the PCC. By the measurement of the total organic carbon concentration (TOC) and colloid titration, it was shown that colloidal substances were adsorbed on PCC until anionic demand of the PCC was saturated. In addition, the colloidal substance of anionic trash tended to be more preferentially adsorbed on the PCC than the dissolved substance.View full abstractDownload PDF (2790K) -
[in Japanese]1998 Volume 52 Issue 7 Pages 968-972
Published: July 01, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (747K)
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