巻号一覧
前身誌
52 巻, 9 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
池田 俊一1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1135
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2036K) -
角田 朋巳1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1136-1144
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーThe world supply capacity of market mechanical pulp is about 3.3 million tons per year and the large portion of them is TMP from recent greenfield mills. The biggest supply country is Canada mostly shipping TMP. On the demand side, the biggest region is Europe while the demand from Asia is gradually increasing. There is no certain plan of capacity increase up to the year of 2000, but there is enough capacity to supply as the operating rate is currently only around 80%. The market is steadily expanding compared to the early 1990's and estimated to expand onwards partly substituting BKP. In Japan, there seems to be a growing trend that paper makers freely take advantage of the quality merit of each material rather than sticking to the pulp category in making paper. It helps to attract great attention to mechanical pulp.
The price of mechanical pulp is generally lower and fluctuates less than BKP. The supply and demand will be gradually balanced by the demand increase on condition that is will be stimulated enough by more attention to its environmental advantage. technical improvements of paper makers, and a growing utilization of its characteristics (high opacity, bulkiness). For paper manufacturers, it will obviously be one of the most important theme how to use mechanical pulp efficiently.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2635K) -
岡 作次郎1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1145-1158
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーMechanical pulp can be divided into two main systems. One of then, made from logs ground by a stone grinder, is called SGW, TGW, and PGW. The other made from wood chips beaten by a refiner, is called RGP, TMP and CTMP. These pulping systems are mainly done by mechanical power and emitted thermal energy which leads to fibrillation of fibers, following the softening of lignin in the wood.
As a result, mechanical pulp characteristically has high bulk, high opacity and good printability. In addition, it is possible to attain the same strength level in mechanical pulp as chemical pulp. Moreover, pulp quality can be controlled by changing the refining condition, and the development of bleaching technology that increases the brightness. Therefore, mechanical pulp is used for various purposes.
On the other hand. the uses of mechanical pulp can be limited due to the reduction of brightness after bleaching and has a weaker high electric consumption rete in comparison with chemical pulp and deinked pulp. Therefore, mechanical pulp needs to develop more technology in saving energy and the prevention of reduced brightness.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2985K) -
小林 成吉, 八田 章文1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1159-1173
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーA new two-stage refiner mechanical pulping system utilizing the well-known reduction of energy to rupture in the wood structure at elevated temperature well above the softening point of lignin has been offered by Sunds Defibrator AB, with the new process name Thermopulp®, in the production of mechanical pulp for printing grades.
In this paper, a summary of mill scale trials of Thermopulp® concept carried out on Scandinavian spruce at Ortviken, SCA is presented ; about 20% of refining energy consumption was reduced with equivalent pulp qualities except a small reduction in brightness and tear index compared to the referenced conventional TMP system for news quality pulp. Application of the same concept to TMP reject pulp refining has also been proven with acceptable result. Extending the raw material reference base, some pilot plant trials have also been carried out on Pines with encouraging results.
Totally 4, 500 t/d of printing grade pulp plants designed on Thermopulp® process have been installed in Sweden, Canada and Chile and under operation with great success. Now a users group has been formed in North America and started realistic activities to exchange and divide all experience and requirement on research and optimization of the new process, with the common goal of 40% energy saving in the near future. An interstage bleaching in the new process is also one technology shall be chased and developed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3369K) -
平野 法昭1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1174-1181
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーThis report presents a brief description of SGW and TGW.
SGW has many excellent characteristics of printability, light scattering, opacity, and high production yield, etc., compared to the chemical pulps. On the other hand, it has some unfavorable characteristics, such as low strength, poor weather resistance, and high power consumption, etc., However, it has been used effectively to make good opacity of paper in recent tendency toward light weight papers.
TGW is made based on SGW to improve one of its defects, low strength. In the TGW process, similar to the PGW process, high temperature grinding, of which advantage is recognized in TMP, is applied to accelerate softening of lignin in a high temperature to give pulps higher strength. Besides the high temperature grinding, a feature of the TGW process is introduction of two process control methods, the chain feed control and the stability control for quality stabilization.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2085K) -
笠松 則和1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1182-1192
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーThe property of mechanical pulp strength is decided by fiber length, distribution of fiber length and fiber forms. The fine defiberization makes strong pulp with many ribbon fibers and fibrils. Refiner groundwood pulp (RGP) and thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) has been developed to get fine mechanical pulp properties.
However, there are few new RGP installations since TMP has been installed greatly in recent years. Therefore this paper reports on TMP process. TMP is significantly stronger than groundwood pulp or RGP and contains fewer shives. So TMP is used for newspaper and mechanical paper, and strong strength can reduce chemical pulp content. However, there is a fault that TMP consumes greater electric power to make strong strength.
The importance for TMP process is temperature at presteaming and refining consistency. Those differences have an effect on the quality and properties of the pulp produced. As for equipment, generally refiner has used single disc. A standard flat type refiner is a 60-inch disc but recently 68-inch disc is developed. Conical type refiner mainly used in North America is available with up to 76-inch disc.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2899K) -
Steve Lord1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1193-1201
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーBCTMP has emerged as a significant market pulp in the last 10 years. From it's introduction in the late 1970's as a supplement to integrated mechanical pulps for use in newsprint, it has established a significant position in the furnish of a number of paper products around the world.
The introduction of any new product in any industry is always accompanied by a resistance to change by users, rapid technological developments in both the production process and in the application and lingering hangovers from early failures. This has certainly characterised the history of market BCTMP.
The success of BCTMP in the last 10 years in overcoming these obstacles has been due to a number of factors including :
-Development of a number of new grades specifically designed for particular end uses
-The use of species new to BCTMP
-Focus on the functional advantages that BCTMP can bring to paper that other fibres can not match
-Improvements in consistency of quality
-Improvements in the BCTMP process which have lead to a greater members of products and lower production costs
-Lowering or removal of North American barriers in paper specifications and standards
-Continuing growth of user awareness resulting from BCTMP producers marketing efforts
BCTMP is now well positioned for the future as a dynamic, low cost fibre, capable of meeting the rapidly changing demands of the worlds paper industry.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2524K) -
Alan Bird1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1202-1204
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーConsidering the question with me, “Woodfree” does the term have any real meaning and value today and does it communicate any useful information to paper buyer ?
Pulp, paper and Printing technologies continues to develop, with the qualities and the requirements of paper ever changing. In addition, there is a new generation of paper users who have no idea what some of the pulp and paper industry terminology means. And, let's face it, there are many other people who have been associated with the industry for many years, who also do not know what “woodfree” means ! In these circumstances, over the past few years there have been developments in various North America and European paper specifications, recognizing the fast developing technology that is available to us.
The most of those Paper Standards Committee revised its standards and omitted the traditional composition clause, stating that furnish content was “between buyer and seller”. Then, Aspen BCTMP is not any more caught under the current “groundwood” furnish limitations. There has been a growing momentum of change in attitudes to give maximum freedom to paper producer and user. This is also reflected in user acceptance of new paper grades and materials. What users want is quality and performance at a competitive price. The charges mentioned are helping paper makers looking to improve projectability and earnings.
Pulp and Paper Industry is truly a global industry. We need to develop new specifications, terms and descriptions in order to free-up the paper maker to optimize quality, performance and cost, to enable production of cost-effective products for new and emerging market and to improve user understanding of paper grade.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1954K) -
森本 正和1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1205-1211
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーIn 1996 the ratio of nonwood pulp to all pulp produced in the world attained ca. 14%. People's Republic of China had 87.9% of the total worldwide capacity of nonwood plantfiber pulp. Over two third of nonwood plantfiber pulp in the world has been being produced from straw, bagasse and bamboo. Agricultural residues such as straw and bagasse are cheap in cost but their capacity is limited with the needs for the first purpose of their original plants. Wild plants are cheap too, but their capacity is expected to be decreased in future. Cultivation plants should cost much, however, fast-growing species are being watched with keen interest from the worldwide ecological point of view. Kenaf that showed the huge productivity seems to be one of the most prospective plants regardless of wood or nonwood.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2800K) -
原 啓志1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1212-1218
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーNon-wood pulp has been used for hand made paper since the old days. Recently, non-wood papers are reconsidered for the need of the preservation of the earth environments and utilized for various uses. A large number of non-wood plants are grown on the earth as unused resources for the pulp. The characteristics of non-wood papers are described below to help expanding their uses.
Various non-wood papers are mainly sold as printing paper in Japan. And they are also sold as fine paper, fancy paper, printing board, coated paper, thin paper, wrapping paper and watercolor paper. Non-wood plants as raw material for those papers are kenaf, cotton, bagasse, bamboo and others.
The characteristics including a large content of hemicellulose and ash affect the properties of those papers as well as mixing elements of large vessel cause lowering a quality of paper. Most of non-wood papers have original texture such as bulkiness, porous structure and higher water absorption made from the morphological characters of non-wood plants. The printabilities are recovered by refining the pulp and adding chemical agents.
The usages of non-wood fibers will be expanded in the future if making the most of their strong points with reference to the influence on the environment of the earth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2129K) -
カウピネン マルコ, 坂田 秀実1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1219-1228
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーThe dimensions of raw wood fibers used in papermaking vary considerably. In the process, fiber dimensions can be changed by various treatments and their size distribution can be altered. Fiber dimensions play a crucial roles in the development of many paper properties, particularly its strength, and contribute to the optical and surface properties of paper.
Fiber properties can be classified into morphological, structural and chemical properties. For softwood kraft, the most important by far is cell wall thickness. Fiber length and coarseness can be measured reliably with currently available fiber analyzers.
No automatic instrument had exited as yet for cell wall thickness ; and the resolution of currently available analyzers was still very coarse even for fiber width measurement ; however, with the aid of latest optical technology, Valmet Automation Kajaani Ltd. has developed FiberLab with which now can offer 1 urn resolution.
The followings are the characteristics of FiberLab.
1. paper properties can be predicted with superior accuracy with the new measurements.
2. Fiber length, width and call wall thickness from single fibers in the sample.
3. Fiber length measurements according to TAPPI standard T 271. -Able to determine the ratio of three different wood species in a blend.
4. Fiber width and cell wall thickness measurement with 1 um resolution.
5. Measure thousands of fibers in only 8 minutes.
Together with those characteristics of FiberLab, we'd like to mention the effect of dimensions, especially wall thickness, of fibers on paper properties such as tensile strength, tear strength and tear strength etc. This report summarizes the effects of various fiber dimensions of paper properties and outlines the required measuring accuracy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5316K) -
野村 友良1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1229-1235
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーFQA was commercialized by OpTest Equipment Inc. /CANADA as a measuring instrument of fiber shape and length, and is useful now for study of fibers at laboratory and for quality control of fibers in the production field.
The greatest feature of FQA is the originally developed flow-cell at the measurement part that makes two-dimensional measurement of fibers and indexes properties of fiber shape and length which influences pulp and paper properties.
This is the introduction for the construction of FQA and a part of the study presented by using the data gained by FQA.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2029K) -
橘 燦郎1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1236-1244
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーProduction of mechanical pulps (MP) have been increased for useful utilization of woods and global environmental problems. However, light-induced color reversion of mechanical pulps is the biggest problem on use of it. But, the problem of the color reversion has not solved yet though many researches on prevention of the color reversion have been conducted.
This paper describes about the chemical and biological prevention of light-induced color reversion of mechanical pulps. And furthermore, a mechanism of the color reversion, change of lignins caused by pulping process and effect of the changes on the color reversion, and effect of bleaching of MP on the color reversion are also described.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2413K) -
河崎 雅行1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1245-1252
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーThe ability to produce high quality prints has remarkable progress in the last few years. Printing speeds are increasing and labor requirements are decreasing to increase productivity. In this present situation, one of the most important requirements is to use ultra-light basis weight of newsprint and printing paper. The paper basis weight has to be kept, not only as low weight as possible, but its print qualities, such as high stiffness for printability, high opacity for print through, must be as good or better than in the past.
Consequently, the content of mechanical pulp should increase to decrease density and to increase opacity. The quality of mechanical pulp must be improved to produce high quality wood containing paper with improved printability. Mechanical pulps produce print quality such as : 1) lower brightness, 2) lower density, 3) higher opacity, and 4) lower surface strength compared to wood free paper at same basis weight. In this lecture, the effect of mechanical pulp on sheet properties and print properties are discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2593K) -
太田 節三1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1253
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (260K) -
シュウ酸カルシウムスケールの防止方法佐藤 茂1998 年 52 巻 9 号 p. 1279-1281
発行日: 1998/09/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (602K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|