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53 巻, 7 号
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「デジタルカラーイメージングのための紙・印刷・ハードコピーの最新技術」開催に際して尾鍋 史彦1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 819
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
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尾鍋 史彦1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 820-833
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2010/04/23
ジャーナル フリーThis article describes the fundamentals and the forefront technologies of digital color imaging associated with printing and hardcopy technologies with particular emphasis on color science. Firstly, the importance of paper media in human communication was traced back historically in terms of affinity of paper media to human being. The major parameters for high quality image reproduction on paper media are discussed from color science viewpoints, i.e., resolution, tone characteristics, color reproducibility, and sharpness.
The future of paper media in multiphase media conditions, where paper media and electronic media coexist and compete with each other, was analyzed and the possibility of newly emerging paper market for the output from electronic media was pointed out.
Finally, a new design concept for paper media for the 21 st century was proposed on the basis of the present status of the Paper Science Laboratory of the University of Tokyo. The new direction should be focused on the creation of an innovative “Graphic Arts Science” that combines “Paper Science” with peripheral sciences such as printing, imaging and color sciences.
The overall contents are as follows.
(1) Introduction.
(2) Historical significance of digital color imaging viewed from the media theory.
(3) Color technology for high quality image reproduction in digital color imaging.
(4) Color reproduction theories in digital color imaging.
(5) Digital color imaging in printing
(6) Digital color imaging in hardcopy
(7) Digital color imaging on display
(8) 21 st century's media perspectives and possibilities of paper media.
(9) Proposal of “Paper Science-based new Graphic Arts Science”.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2181K) -
深田 一弘1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 834-844
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリー20 years ago, few newspapers printed copies with four-color printing because of the technical limitations of the pre-press and printing press. Since the introduction of computerized pre-press systems and automated plate-making and printing equipment, you probably see four-color items on most newspaper everyday.
Once the color reproduction process required experts. Now computerized color processing technology makes it editors' jobs. They choose a favorite picture on a display screen and then hit a command button to transmit it to a designated page. When the development of a new advertisement system is completed, which gets originals with digital form via web from advertisement agencies, process time required for putting an advertisement on a page will be shortened and the quality of printings would be better.
Japanese newspapers utilize offset presses for four-color printing in general. Satellite type machines were dominant in the past. A tower type machine appeared in the Japanese market 4 to 5 years ago and it thrives at present for the space efficiency and more color pages.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1510K) -
守屋 祐一1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 845-852
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーThis report is a summary of full color toner for electrophotographic printers. The outline, trend and current issues are as follows :
It is thought that color printers will be required higher resolution, less costly, less power consumption and higher print speed. In order to improve resolution, the toner particle size should be smaller from present diameter of 8-9 μm. The fuser unit without oil supply has been examined so far for the cost reduction and the easy maintenance. However, it is difficult to achieve the fusing without oil supply in the approach only on the toner side. On the other hand, we must lower the fusing temperature to reduce power consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a toner which can be melted and fused at a lower temperature. However, the toner of the low temperature melting type shows a tendency to lack durability because the molecular weight of the main resin should be low and then resin strength is poor. This tendency bothers to increase print speed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (949K) -
大森 英明1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 853-859
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーThe basic printing process is classified into 3 such as letter press, offset printing and gravure printing. High Quality Printing process now gives us far better result in reproducing the colour which used to be quite hard to reproduce. The improvement of the reproduction has been realized mainly by the technique of increasing the graphic information (Improving the resolution) and improving the printing density.
When we interpret High Quality Printing in general sense, this can be classified into five methods ; (1) High Definition Printing, (2) FM Screen (Frequency Modulation), (3) High Density Printing, (4) Hifi Printing, (5) High Brightness Printing.
(1) High Definition Printing and (2) FM Screen are the printing methods to get higher quality by higher resolving power in continuous tone.
(3) High Density Printing gives us more solid and deeper effect in every colour like colour bromides by extending the limit of the colour density.
(4) Hifi Printing and (5) High Brightness Printing is effective in improving the saturation and the brightness by using the secondary coloured and fluorescent ink (red, green, blue-violet etc.) in addition to process colours (black, cyan, magenta and yellow) to extend the limit of colour reproduction.
The High Quality printing methods have currently ceased to be novel. However, they are still expected to be improved in both application and quality. It is necessary to establish especially the application and to prepare the hardware corresponding to recent development of digitalization in pre-press stage. It is also needed to develop the technique answering to the demand from the client for the quality.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2270K) -
水野 博1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 860-873
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーIn these few years, we often hear the words “On-Demand” or “Short-Run-Printing”. But they are not new concept from the standpoint of electrophotography, since the office copiers and printers have these characteristics originally. Recently especially the office informations start to shift from paper media to electronic media and there is a forecast that the paper outputs will saturate and will gradually turn toward minus growth in near future.
In these circumstances, the color electrophotographic technologies are expected to apply to the press technology area as its new target. In this case, it is necessary to make clear whether our customers really need current press's “Too Much Quality” images or not. On the other side, in the press markets a new press concept “Necessary outputs, in necessary time, necessary volumes should be pressed.” is born, that is, “Just In Time” or “On-Demand Printing”. This new trend “On-Demand Printing” is hard to avoid.
From now we think the press technologies and the electrophotographic technologies should have good relationship tightly to provide printing systems having friendly characteristics to users. The paper outputs characteristics should be more and more increased by adding new values, and we should pay intensive efforts to realize the prolonged existence of paper outputs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (8771K) -
小出 洋介1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 874-886
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーBig mergers have been going on in Europe ignoring nation's boundaries. Recent concern in papermachine design is to increase a machine speed to its maximum, while improving product quality and operating efficiency demanded by customers.
The present fastest running speeds are 1, 712 m/min. for newsprint machines, 1, 625 m/min. for SCA machines and 1, 547 m/min. for LWC machines. Machine builders, like Voith, are working to develop a newsprint machine of 2, 000 km/day. as an average figure through a year.
Interesting design concepts are as follows.
Inlet : Profile control by consistency adjustment
Wire section : Gap forming
Press section : Shoe press
Dryer section : Single deck
Size press : Film coating
Calendar : On-machine with soft rolls
Reel : Center-wind抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2082K) -
Alois Pesdicek, 厚浦 孝之1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 887-893
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーI. New Pulp Bale Feeding System
A modern Pulp Bale Handling System has to meet the following requirements :
* Highest Efficiency/Feasibility
* Best Raw Material Preparation
* Quality Assurance, Independent from Personnel
* Safety of Work (Personnel)
* Safety of Down-stream Equipment after Pulper
II. Automatic Waste Paper Bale Dewiring and Pulper Feed Systems
The erection of Waste Paper recycling lines in the Paper and Board Industry with production capacities up to and above 1, 000 t/d is calling for highest standards and challenges for mechanical engineering. Paper manufacturing, based on Waste Paper, is looking nowadays for most economic and customised turnkey solutions for optimal material handling and processing in front of conventional Pulpers or Pulping Drums.
FMW solutions include also approved machinery and equipment with highest efficiency for Automatic Waste Paper Bale Dewiring, wire treatment and reject handling systems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2478K) -
横谷 賢治1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 894-900
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーThe requirements of offset-printability for the newsprint are increasing due to the higher use of DIP (deinking pulp) and more use of color offset printing.
In this study, we would like to explore the new paper chemicals for newsprint, which fulfill the requirement of current industrial demand. They are the sizing agent (SIZEPINE N-780) and strength agent (POLYSTRON 1208) for internal use, and water resistant polyacrylamide (POLYMERSET 53 N) and surface sizing agent (POLYMERON NS-25) for gate-roll sizepress.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4334K) -
(第2報) FE-SEM及びAFMによる高倍率観察濱田 忠平1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 901-912
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーScanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has been widely used as valuable tools to study the problems involved in pulp and paper production. Recently, informations of microstructures at much higher magnifications are required than those obtained by conventional SEM. Field-Emission-SEM (FE-SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) are thought to be very effective for this purpose. AFM of which the principle is quit different from SEM was first developed in 1986 and has made rapid progress to assess the surface topography of such industrial materials as semiconductor, liquid crystal display etc.
In this paper, the principle and mechanism of FE-SEM and AFM were briefly described and several examples of them applied to pulp and paper specimens were demonstrated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (39571K) -
太田 節三1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 913
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
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篠崎 真1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 914-925
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2010/02/22
ジャーナル フリーA frequency analysis has shown that the formation for wood free paper by visual ranking is determined by the power ratio of wavelength of 6.2 mm to the sum of the powers. That wavelength might be derived from the flocs in the specimens. While that for the wood contained paper is determined by the distribution of light transmission, not by any particular wavelength or waveband.
A group of 183 panelists who had been familiar to paper products compared specimens of wood free-and wood contained-papers along Scheffe's method (modified by Nakaya) in a previous work. The results of this visual qualification of the formation for the specimens by this method have been named observed M-values.
While an image scanner coupled with an IBM-PC/AT compatible computer captured the light transmission images of the specimens. Where the resolution of the images is 50 dpi and the depth of 256 gray levels with the dimension of A 4 area (i.e. 210 mm horizontally and 297 mm vertically).
A frequency analysis of 2-dimensional fast Fourier transform has been applied onto the specimens of 256×256 pixels of area (130 mm each). The transformation produces a 2-dimensional power spectrum. Where each of the peaks shows the direction of repetition of the wave and its wavelength or its frequency. The powers of the peaks on concentric circles in the spectrum (i.e. the peaks have the identical pixel distances from the center of the spectrum) were integrated, subsequently. That makes 1-dimensional spectrum of 127 elements proportional to the inverse of the wavelength.
The linear regressions for all the combinations of the wavelengths (wavebands) of 127×126/ 2 patterns have been conducted with the visual qualifications by the panelists for the wood free paper specimens. The existence ratio of the power of 6.2 mm wavelength only has shown a fair agreement. On the other hand, the case for the wood contained paper found nearly every waveband except for the longer waves approximately than 7 mm wavelength to explain the M-value. That means the distribution of gray levels of transmitted light except the longer waves determines the visual qualification.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (8845K) -
計測システムの構築花田 淳成, 尾鍋 史彦1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 926-935
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーConventionally the cigarette paper evaluation is conducted based on the cigarette paper properties at room temperature. However, for practical purpose, the change of cigarette paper properties under thermal decomposition process is important associated with the evaluation of burning cigarette characteristic.
With this situation in mind, this series of work is intended to investigate the change of cigarette paper properties under thermal decomposition process. For this purpose, “Cigarette Paper Measuring System” was constructed by the author. This system consists of three parts : (1) determining the thermal treatment temperature of samples, and (2) thermally treating the cigarette paper strip by new apparatus, and (3) investigating the physical properties and pore structure of thermally treated cigarette papers. The treatment temperature was determined by the temperature distribution of static burning cigarette and the result of cigarette paper thermal analysis. The temperature distribution of static burning cigarette and the thermal analysis show that the cigarette paper pyrolysis and oxidation progressed with burning at the back (beside) of charline. The charline temperature ranged from 350 to 450°C and this temperature region is consistent with the temperatures that provide drastic changes in the Thermo-Gravimetry (TG) curves and also with the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) peak temperature.
From the above result, the treatment temperature was set as : 150, 200, 250, 270, 300, 320, 350, and 400°C.
The physical properties of thermally treated cigarette papers are summarized as follows. The relationship between the thermal treatment temperature and the weight loss or the dimension changes (i.e., shrinkage, thickness, density) have a similar tendency to TG curves. These properties showed remarkable change at DSC peaks. The optical properties including chromaticness index and the permeability change appeared at temperature lower than the characteristic temperature of TG curves. The change in permeability characteristics (i.e., “n” value) depends upon the beating degree of pulp. It was also shown that dynamic Young's modulus of heated paper slightly increased at temperature region between 150 and 250°C and decreased remarkably over 300°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (9878K) -
蛍光発色する繊維状物, 及びこれを使用した偽造防止用紙, 及び偽造防止印刷物村上 徹1999 年 53 巻 7 号 p. 936-939
発行日: 1999/07/01
公開日: 2009/11/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (866K)
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