The anesthetic, circulatory and respiratory effects of medetomidine 40μg/kg with ketamine 5 mg/kg (MK5) or 10 mg/kg (MK10) injected intramuscularly were compared with those of xylazine 2 mg/kg with ketamine 10 mg/kg (XK) . The anesthetic effect of MK5 was comparable to or more than that of XK, and MK10 was the most effective combination. In all the combinations, an immediate decrease in heart rate, respiratory rate and end tidal volume after drug administration was observed. A transient decrease in PaO₂, SaO₂, pHa, [HCO₂] p and B.E. and a transient increase in PaCO₂ were accompanied by repressed circulatory and respiratory function. All the anesthetic combinations accentuated respiratory arrhythmia of the three dogs in each group. One dog given XK developed transient, second-degree atrioventricular heart block. In all the combinations, mean blood pressure transiently increased immediately after drug administration and then decreaced. An increase in mean blood pressure of MK5 and MK10 was larger than that of XK. The repression of circulatory and respiratory function in MK5 and MK10 was longer than in XK, but the repression was not prominent.

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Segmental lumbar epidural analgesia (SLEA) was performed in 17 Holstein cows (three cows were used twice at weekly intervals) by administration of a combination of xylazine/lidocaine (XL) through indwelling epidural catheters. The cows were divided into 5 groups, a control group and 4 treatment groups (n=4; 3 cows were used twice) . The cows of each group were given ephedrine hydrochloride 10 min before XL epidural injection at 0.2 mg/kg intravenously, 0.2 mg/kg epidurally, 0.5 mg/kg subcutaneously and 1.0 mg/kg subcutaneously, respectively. Control group, with no ephedrine treatment, showed about 20% decrease in mean arterial blood pressuae (MABP) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after XL epidural injection. MABP decreased about 10 and 15% in groups with epidural and intravenous ephedrine administration, respectively, and increased more than 20% with shorter duration of sedative effect in the group where 1.0 mg/kg ephedrine was administered subcutaneously. The group administered 0.5 mg/kg ephedrine subcutaneously maintained MABP at baseline level without affecting the analgesic and sedative effects of SLEA induced by XL.

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A 11-year-old female mixed breed dog weighing 20 kg showed slight lameness and had a pulsatile ampulla on the right forelimb where the skin was discolorated. Auscultation on the ampulla revealed obvious continuous thrill, suggesting arteriovenous anastomosis. Arterial angiography and color doppler echography defined the diagnosis, however the correct portion could not be clearly identified. The ligation of ulnar artery was performed, then the lameness and the abnormal hue of the ampulla quickly disappeared, however arteriovenous anastomosis still existed. One month later, the ligation of median artery was performed. As a result, murmur at the arteriovenous anastomosis and its systemic effects disappeared.

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Three dogs with severe chronic otitis externa/media caused by the tumor in the external canal underwent removal of the tumor with laterol resection and/or complete ablasion of the ear canal. Otitis recovered shortly after these surgeries.

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