Since 1951 the senior author has treated successfully seven cows of the indigenous Japanese breed suffering from traumatic pericarditis. From these results, the authors are convinced of the following points.
1. An increase in the heart beat and venous blood pressure is noticed in every case of traumatic pericarditis. By means of Miyazawa's simplified method for measuring the pressure of the venous blood, an early accurate diagnosis can be made with great ease.
2. The thorax can be opened without peril by removing ribs under normal pressure in a diseased cow restrained in the standing position. Then the pericardium can be cleaned thoroughly under direct vision.
3. Many affected cows can be prevented from fatal termination, if an early diagnosis is made on them.

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The authors happened to isolate Paracolon C₂₇ organisms from three hogs. In one hog, the organisms were encountered in lung lesions (pneumonia, abscess, and lymph node) in one hog and in lung lesions and mesenteric lymph nodes in the other two.
The isolated strains were examined for biochemical and serological reactions.
1. They resembled Shigella sonnei in colonial appearance on McConkey agar.
2. Biochemical characteristics were identical among 12 cultures (table 2).
3. The isolated strains were identical with Sh. sonnei 1 in serological characteristics (tables 3 and 4).

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It has been observed by Okinaka physiologically and clinically since a long time ago that the vagus nerve has partly a nature of the sympathetic nervous system. Of late, Okinaka et al. investigated the general distribution of the autonomic nervous system in the organic body and demonstrated histochemically the presence of sympathetic nerve fibers or cells in the vagus nerve.
The authors studied anatomically the vagus nerve innervating the esophagus of the goat. Then they confirmed some of the functions of this nerve by means of electric stimulation. Furthermore, they excised some part of the trunk of this nerve and observed the resulting disturbance of the swallowing action by cineradiography.
Moreover, serial investigation was carried out on the nerve-endings of the vagus nerve, particularly Auerbach's plexuses, located in various sites of the esophageal sphincter of the goat. As a result, it was demonstrated histochemically that monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, which had been proved to be present exclusively in the area innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, existed in cells of the nerve-endings of the vagus in the esophageal muscle.
It is of particular interest to note that the most intense MAO activity of “nuclear positive type” (Tanabe, 1961), which is characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system, was proved to be present restrictedly and densely in Auerbach's plexuses at the upper and lower ends of the esophagus and in the labial, portion of the esophageal groove. From these results, it is strongly suggested that there may be an intimate relationship between these plexuses with such MAO activity and the receptors in the esophagus.

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