All issues
Volume 53, Issue 5
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Yosuke MURAKAMI2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 257-277
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affects all cloven-hoofed animals and is considered the most infectious of all animal diseases. It is endemic in many countries of the world, including Africa, Asia and parts of South America, where its importance relates to not only to the reduced productivity of livestock, but to the restrictions placed on the international trade of animals and their products. The causative agent, FMD virus which classified genus aphthovirus of the Family Picornaviridae, has seven serotypes, designated as types O, A, C, SAT (South African teritorries) 1, SAT2, SAT3 and Asial. The infection with any serotypes does not conferred immunity against another serotypes. Antigenic variation is also observed even in the same erotypes, which had been designated by subtypes until the late 1980's. In addition, the infection has many difficult aspects to be controlled when compared with the other animal diseases. In March 1997, a large scale epidemics of FMD occurred in Republic of China, Taiwan. The outbreaks forced to have a large socioeconomic impact to the country which came from loss of over four million pigs and lost international pork markets, specially for Japan. Japan, free from FMD nearly for a century, is a major country to import animals and animal products of the world, while a considerable population of livestock has been maintained inside of the country. Besides, the trade in animals and animal products has greatly expanded under the World Trade Organization rules. These situation forces to have a continuous threat from the invasion of FMD to Japanese animal husbandry than before.
Therefore, it is essential to have the correct comprehension on the disease nature of FMD for the prevention from the invasion. This article reviews the present situation of FMD in the world, virology, epidemiology, diagnosis, immunoprophylaxis and disease control measurements of the disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (5094K) -
Masanao MATAYOSHI, Mamoru OSHIRO, Makoto AFUSO, Tamotsu KOKUBA2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 279-284
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirty-five strains of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) isolated mainly from diarrheal calves in Okinawa Prefecture between 1994 and 1997 were investigated for biological properties. The VTEC belonged to 6 serogroups-O111 (8 strains), O26 (4 strains), O157 (2 strains), O113 (1 strain), O119 (1 strain), O124 (1strain), rough (6 strains), and 12 untypable strains. Verotoxin typing by means of gene analysis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that 26 strains (74.3%) carried VT1 genes and 8 (22.9%) carried VT2 genes. The eaeA gene was detected in 16 strains (45.7%) and the hlyA gene in 17 strains (48.6%), though negative results were obtained for both the bfpA gene and the aggR gene. Twenty-three strains (65.7%) were resistant to at least 1 of the 10 tested antibiotics, and 1 strain demonstrated multiple resistance to 7 antibiotics. All isolates possess from 1 to 6 plasmids. The 0157: H7 strain possessed the 90-kb virulence plasmid and several smaller plasmids.View full abstractDownload PDF (2396K) -
Kentaro IKUTA, Mutsumu KOKAMO, Kazumi SASAKURA, Etsuji HAKOGI2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 285-288
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBlood and milk samples were taken simultaneously from 17 dairy cows to determine concentration of urea nitrogen. Dry chemical autoanalyzer (DRICHEM) was used to determine blood urea nitorogen (BUN) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). Significant correlation (r=0.982, P<0.01) was observed between concentrations of BUN and MUN. Although significant correlations were observed between DRICHEM and 3 other methods (r=0.891-0.941, P<0.01)(Absorbance, Differential pH, and Infrared spectroscopy), nosignificant correlation was observed with the quick dipstick method. In samples stored at room temperature, MUN concentrations decreased significantly at 24 h after sampling. In the right front quarter of the udder, significant difference was observed in MUN concentration between pre-milking and post-milking. MUN concentrations increased after feed intake and reached a peak from about 3 to 5 h after feeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (621K) -
Kentaro IKUTA, Mutsumu KOKAMO, Kazumi SASAKURA, Etsuji HAKOGI2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 289-292
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis investigation was conducted to evaluate nutritional condition in 32 dairy cows by using milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and milk protein concentrations as indicators. Relationships between MUN, milk protein concentrations and feeding condition were investigated at monthly intervals. MUN was positively associated with crude protein (CP)% and total digestible nutrients (TDN)% in dry matter and negatively associated with TDN sufficiency and the TDN/CP ratio. Milk protein concentration was inversely related to the same items. As MUN and milk protein concentrations are closely related to feeding condition, it is concluded that they are useful for evaluating nutritional condition. Ranges for normal MUN concentration in each lactation stage are as follows: early stage (1-100 days after parturition) 8.6-9.2 mg/dl, mid stage (101-200 days after parturition) 8.6-16.7 mg/dl, and late stage (over 201 days after parturition) 6.1-2.5 mg/dl. The corresponding ranges for milk protein concentration are as follows: early stage 2.80-3.31%, mid stage 3.09-3.53%, and late stage 3.35-3.91%.View full abstractDownload PDF (714K) -
Masakazu KATAYAMA, Akio IKEDA, Keizo SAIKA, Mayumi ISHIZAKA, Michihiro ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 293-296
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt a farm in Chiba Prefecture, in October 1996, an 18-month-old black Japanese heifer introduced from Hokkaido frothed abundantly at the mouth and showed nervous symptoms. Pathological investigation revealed perivascular cuffing, actively proliferating glia cells, and neuronophagias in the cerebrum. The lesions were present but relatively mild in the spinal cord. Immunoperoxidase staining showed the specific Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) antigen in degenerated nerve cells. In addition, pathological findings indicated that the lungs were affected by fibrous pleuropneumonia. JEV was isolated from the brain and Pasteurella haemolytica from the lung. Two of four heifers reared in the same shed showed a significant rise in the hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer to JEV.View full abstractDownload PDF (2096K) -
Mitsuo ISHII, Takashi KANAMORI, Masaji ENDO, Isamu TSURUOKA, Toshinori ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 297-301
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElevating the hind legs and lowering the animals into a lying position easily corrects uterine torsion in dairy cows. The animals were laid so that the direction of torsion was uppermost, then the hind legs were tied together with rope positioned immediately above the fetlocks. A tractor hoist raised the rear half of the body to a height of about 1 meter. The specialist in charge held the fetus via the parturient canal as the animal was gently lowered again, thus correcting the torsion. No anesthesia was used in any of these procedures. Over a period of 3 years, 35 cows (28 with left torsion and 7 with right torsion) were treated in this way. In 29 of those cases, this method alone was used; of these, 23 calves lived after parturition and torsion correction. In 6 cases, the elevated-hind-legs method was combined with the mother-cow rotation method. Five of the 6 fetuses treated in this way died. In 4 cases in which more than 24 hours lapsed between torsion correction and parturition, all the fetuses were stillborn. In no instances were abnormalities observed in the mother cows during or immediately after torsion correction. Because it is fast and requires a small number of peolpe and no great physical strength, this method is considered highly useful for clinical application.View full abstractDownload PDF (1795K) -
Yoichiro WATANABE, Hiroyuki MAKIUCHI, Toyoshige IMAFUJI, Katsuo YAMASA ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 302-306
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring an outbreak of Ibaraki disease in Kagoshima Prefecture from August through October 1997, 54 cattle demonstrated such typical symptoms as laryngopharyngeal paralysis and foamy salivation. Simultaneous with this outbreak, cows-frequently Holsteins pregnant for from 170 to 280 days-aborted or gave birth to stillborn calves. Almost all the dams that miscarried or gave stillbirths in this instance demonstrated high titers of the neutralizing (NT) antibody to the Ibaraki virus (IBAV). The NT antibody to IBAV was detected in the sera of a few aborted fetuses as well. Furthermore, 21 IBAV strains were isolated from fetal organs; and immunohistochemical staining with the and-IBAV serum revealed the viral antigen to IBAV in hindbrain cells from aborted fetuses. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on the third RNA Segment gene of IBAV produced specific amplifications in all isolates as well as in the prototype IBAV strain. New isolate PCR-product restriction fragments, however, were distinguished from those of the prototypical IBAV strain. These findings suggest that a new virulent strain of IBV caused stillbirths and abortions in the outbreak.View full abstractDownload PDF (1499K) -
Akihiko UCHIDA, Kikue UCHIDA, Yoshihiko MURATA2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 307-310
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of nutrients on infectivity and growth of Spirometra erinaceiuropaei were investigated in 48 beagle dogs (body weights 8.0-12.4 kg, ages 29 30 months) divided into 4 groups of 12 dogs each. The feed of the first group was rich in proteins, that of the second in glucose, and thatof the third in lipids. The fourth group (control) was given commercial feed. Each of the animals received 3 plerocerecoids of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. The dogs were sacrificed at 5-day intervals snd examined todetermine numbers and growth of tapeworms in each group. Levels of both were significantly higher in animalsgiven commercial feed or glucose. These results suggest that glucose in feed may play an important role inthe growth of S. erinaceieuropaei in dogs.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K) -
Hitoshi KITAGAWA, Hitomi MIZOGUCHI, Katsuya KITOH, Yasuhito KUWAHARA, ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 311-314
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe clinical significance of plasma leptin concentration was examined in 45 obese dogs. Significantly higher than those in 28 control dogs, the obese dogs' plasma leptin concentrationswere correlated closely with body weight; chest size; abdominal size; relative chest girth (chest size/bodylength); relative abdominal girth (abdominal size/body length); chest/abdominal-size ratio; WBC count; and plasmaconcentrations of total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and insulin. Plasma leptinconcentrations may be indices of obesity and nutritional condition in dogs.View full abstractDownload PDF (574K) -
Tetsuro SAITO, Fumio IKEDA, Hiroyuki YAMAGUCHI, Kunie YOSHIDA, Yasumas ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 315-316
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStool examination by means of the direct-smear method revealed trematode eggs ina domestic cat. Subcutaneous injection of praziquantel (30 mg/kg) resulted in the expulsion of theadult trematodes. On the basis of morphological examination, the parasite was identified as Spelotreme capellae.View full abstractDownload PDF (1557K) -
Incidence and Anatomical ClassificationHiromi NAKAJIMA, Kiyoshi KASAI, Koichi KADOTA, Seishi ISHINO2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 319-323
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is a description of 86 cases of swine lymphoma discovered in the Ibaraki Kensei and Kennan Meat Hygienic Inspection Centers between April 1976 and March 1996. A total of 14, 167, 540 pigs were slaughtered during this period. Prevalence 0.6 per 100, 000 swine was lower than that of preceding reports. Generalized neoplastic lesions occurred frequently because many of the lymphomas detected at the abattoirs were in fairly advanced stages. This is why, previously, some advanced thymic and alimentary lymphomas were mistakenly categorized as multicentric. Using present classifications, however, we can divide these lymphomas more precisely into 4 types: generalizes (43 cases), abdominal (32 cases), mediastinal (9 cases), and superficial (2 cases).View full abstractDownload PDF (1989K) -
Histological Characterization and ClassificationHiromi NAKAJIMA, Kiyoshi KASAI, Koichi KADOTA, Seishi ISHINO2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 324-327
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistological investigation and classification according to Kiel's human classification were performed on 86 cases of swine lymphoma collected from abattoirs in Ibaraki Prefecture. The fact that the majority (62 cases) were centrocytic or centroblastic lymphomas suggests that B-cell lymphoma is most prevalent among swine lymphoid neoplasms. Although it has been considered rare, follicular proliferation of neoplastic cells was observed in 9 of 32 cases of abdominal lymphoma. Apparently, follicular lymphoma is not very uncommon in the abdominal type. In descending order of frequency, the other cytological types observed were lymphoblastic, immunoblastic, lymphoplasmacytic, lymphocytic, and unclassified.View full abstractDownload PDF (3371K) -
Enzyme Histochemistry and ImmunohistochemistryHiromi NAKAJIMA, Kiyoshi KASAI, Koichi KADOTA, Seishi ISHINO2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 328-334
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImmunological, enzyme histochemical, and immunohistochemical examinations wereperformed on 19 of 86 lymphomas discovered in a survey of abattoirs in Ibaraki Prefecture. In a fewcases, enzyme histochemistry was helpful in determining lymphoma cell derivation. In 10 follicular centercell lymphomas, tumor cells bearing immunoglobulin (Ig) were identified as B cells. Ig was identified in 2 of 3immunoblastic lymphomas. The remaining immunoblastic lymphoma, however, was of the T-type. It formed rosettewith sheep erythrocytes and expressed leukocyte differentiation cluster 2 (CD2). Three lymphoblasticlymphomas producing similar results were categorized as T-cell neoplasms. The other 3 lymphoblastic lymphomas of the non-T and non-B cell type demonstrated neither T-cell nor B-cell markers. Tumor cells in one T-type lymphoblastic lymphoma were characterized by expressions of both CD4 and CD8 and were thought to derive from a double positive cell in the thymus.View full abstractDownload PDF (2657K) -
[in Japanese]2000 Volume 53 Issue 5 Pages 344
Published: May 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 17, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (768K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|