In the year 1916 and 1917 the author published the opinion, that the sweat glands are innervated not only by the sympathic nerve, but also by the parasympathic and the function of those two nerves upon the glands varies with the kinds of animals, for instance, in men, cattle and cats the glands are influenced to secrete by the parasympathic nerve stimulation, while in the sheep by the sympathic, but never by the parasympathic, on the other hand, in the horse as well by the sympathic as by the parasympathic in a remarkable degree. After this discovery the author has made the following paradoxical experiment: - If a large quantity of the well-known strong anidrotica "atropin" is injected intravenously to a horse, a remarkable excitement with abundant sweating will always be observed. But if, in this case, a certain quantity of chloralhydrate will be given per rectum, so as to calm the animal, then the sweating will be influenced to cease. If is much more curious that, by the intravenous injection of the diaphoretica "pilocarpin", the sweating caused by the injection of atropin, can be stopped immediately, because the pilocarpin subsides the excitement by atropin. In connection with the above mentioned work, the author has studied the histological structure of the sweat glands in various mammals and has found that in man, horse, cat, sheep, wild boar, ape, pig, mouse, white rat and rat they are coiled gland, that in the cattle, dog and goat they are bag-form gland, and that the guinea pig, rabbit and bear have no gland, so far as the author researched.
The attached figures illustrate the coiled gland of ape and the bag-form gland of dog.

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Contagious pleuro-pneumonia is due to an extraordinarily small, filtrable, but visible and polymorphous micro-organism called Asterococcus mycoides. The virus of this disease has already been investigated by Pasteur, Nocard and Roux, Lipschutz, Borrel, Martzinoski, Bordel, Dujardin-Beaumetz, Jeantit, Jouan, Giese, Freiberger, Laquerriere, Schutz, Steffen, Siedamgrotzky and Noack, Miesser and Beitzen, Poppe, Albrecht, Schochowsky, Leusch, Titze, Dahmen and many others.
It is stated that the disease was first observed in Hesse in 1693, and that its ealiest appearance as an epizootic was in the end of the 17th century when it prevailed chiefly in Switzerland and the neighboring countries of Germany and France.
According to Barker, the disease appeared in England in 1736 and in France in 1765. At the beginning of the last century an outbreak occurred in Belgium and Holland and caused a great losses. Austria was first infected in 1841, Hungary in 1891, Belgium in 1882, Australia in 1858, South Africa in 1854, Sweden and North America in 1843 and Turkey in 1888. In Asia the discase is wide-spread, especially in Russia and in India. Japan has been quite free from the disease till September, 1924, when the author discovered 3 cases in Yokohama Quarantine Station. This report is_ based on those cases occurred among 42 Mongorian cattle imported from Dairen, China.
At antopsy of the 3 cattle the pathological changes characteristic to the disease were observed.
In the calf No. 1 inoculated with 15c.c. of lung juice taken from one of those cadavers developed after 10 days of incubation acute symptoms of pleuro-pneumonia and death occurred on the 11th. day.
The calf No. 2 inoculated with 15c.c. of pleural exudate died of the same disease. The period of incubation was 3 days and the course was 21 days.
The calf No. 4, inoculated with the pure culture from the pleural exudate of the calf No. 2, was also fallen to victim. Its incubation-period was 2 days and the course of the disease was 18 days.
In each of those three experimental cases mentioned above the typical pleuro-pneumonia developed, but in No. 2 and No. 4, which were sucklings, remarkable inflammatory swellings were observed in joints, and also in subcutaneous or intramuscular connective tissue surrounding the point of inoculation. These symptoms were also noticed by Tartacowsky and Dchownkowsky.
The histological appearance of the lungs in those three experemental cases, were almost alike, namely, a progressive interstitiial pneumonia with secondary hepatization of the lungs was observed in each of the cases.
The author succeeded in isolating and growing an extraordinarily small polymorphous micro-organism from the pleural exudate and proved that this micro-organism was filtrable, and was stainable with Löffler's flagella stain and by Giemsa's method, while not stained by Gram's method and also that the organism was visible under a magnification of more than 1500 times.
The organism grew slowly in beef bouillon or Martin's bouillon, containing cattle or horse blood serum. In liquid media, the culture produced after 2 to 7 days a slight turbidity which was noticeable as a silky cloud by passing an electric light, while on the solid media, it formed very fine transparent whitish colonies (1-2m.m. in diameter) in the course of 4 to 9 days. The colonies were quite adherent to the surface of media and had a greyish point in the middle of it.
The organism was aerobic and its optimum temperature was about 37°C.
In no case the author could succeed in growing the virus from the blood, but from the forgoing he concluded that this micro-organism can be recognized as Asterococcus mycoides.

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It is apparently little known that the intensive research has been directed toward the subject of acute gangrenous infection of whales.
Nielsen (1888) described a pathogenic bacillus isolated from the dead whale which was due to wound infection and declared it to be similar to the causative organism of blackleg. Christiansen (1919) reported also an organism isolated from several samples of muscle from a single whale and placed the organism in the same group as the bacillus of Ghon-Sachs.
Recently Heller (1920) made a close study of an organism isolated from whale muscle which was furnished by Dr. Jensen and found that his strain was definitely referable to the Vibrion septique group.
As for the similar outbreak in our country it is informed that the first appearance happened in Aomori prefecture about one hundred years ago. Thereafter the second case occurred on the seaside of Nobeji in the same prefecture in 1921. But we had no pathological information about such a whale in both cases. In the meanwhile the third case having occurred in Kamikita district we have had a little knowledge about the dead whale, showing the emphysematous inflammation of muscle near the tail and in addition to this observation it is reported that many cattle and horses in the same district died successively with the similar symptoms to the black-leg.
But one should keep in mind the possibility of the ocourrence of infection in which a similar pathogenic observation may be present by organisms of other group.
From this suggestion, our attention was paid toward the question whether the causative organism of this whale septicaemia would be indentical with or similar to that of blackleg.
So having had some salted whale muscle furuished by Mr. Tamura who is the local assistant inspector in that prefecture we commenced to work bacteriologically under the advisement of Dr. Nakamura.
In effect, we have isolated a pathogenic organism from this material and tried to compare with the various species of pathogenic anaerobes in biological point of view at first.
Morphologic and staining characters: -In the vegetative form in animals and in meat medium they stain uniformly and rather deeply with anilin dyes. In the sporulating form, they stain irregularly. Granules of protoplasma are Gram-positive and take stains deeply. Spores form early in the development of a culture in coagulated serum after 18 hour's incubation.
They are oval and situated terminally in the bacillus. The bacillus is motile and flagellatd.
Cultural characters: -Strictly anaerobic organisms of comparatively energetic growth habit in meat egg medium, producing gas and characteristic odour and turning it pink.
They produce in milk in 3-4 days a soft clot which at an early stage is fragmentable by shaking but later stiffens, and liquefy gelatine.
Fermentative reaction: -Carbohydrate fermentations have occasionally been resorted to as means of differentiating anaerobes. We have also performed fermentation tests with our strain and summarized as follows:
Substances fermented Substances not fermented
Arabinose Salicin Maltose
Mannose Dulcit Solbit
Xylose Inulin
Glucose Laevulose
Glycogen Saccharose
Garactose Dextrin
Pathogenic characters: -This organism is highly pathogenic for guinea-pigs and rabbits, producing a gelatinous infiltration in subcutoneous tissues with little or no gas production and haemorrhagic inflammation of lymphatic glands. But much less virulent for mice and pigeons
From the biological reactions above described, of course, we can not here insert a definite statement as to the behavior in our hands of the causative organism of anaerobic whale invader, but we venture to say at least that an anaerobe isolated from the whale muscle will be classified to the division in which organisms show predominantly saccharolytic possessing,

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(1) Several methods of extraction of the active princple from the total pancreatic tissue are summarized. The authors recommend, to save time and alcohol, the use of sodium chloride or ammonium sulphate during the vacuum distillation of the alcoholic filtrate.
(2) The effects of the proteoclastic action of pepsin and trypsin on the hormone were studied with mice as test animals. The results obtained corroborate those of Dudley and of Witzemann and Livshis. By peptic digestion insulin loses about one-fourth of its potency in thirty minutes, one hour being required for the total destruction. The tryptic action is completed in thirty minutes.
(3) Insulin reaction in the experimental animals are described. In mice about one-hundredth rabbit unit insulin per ten grams of body weight is required to cause the hypoglycemic reactions with convulsions. This dose caused the typical reactions in 33 and 50% of two lots of fed mice in one hour. In other two lots of fasted animals the percentage of the insulin effect rose to 60 and 65%, where the comatose reaction only has predominated. The authors resort conveniently to the use of mice at least for the preliminary assay of insulin.
Young albino rats of 20-50 grams of body weight, with dose of one-hundredth rabbit unit per ten grams of live weight, behave just same as in mice. The older animals over two hundred grams are with the same dose very resistent towards the hypoglycemic convulsions.
The insulin convulsions and coma are believed not to occur in pigeon, though the blood sugar level may be easily lowered, with several rabbit units of insulin, to about 50-60% of the normal. The authors describe one rare case of the convulsive reaction in pigeon with two rabbit units dose. The bird convulsed several times during the course of ten hours. The lowest level of the blood sugar was found to be 0, 077 grams per 100c.c.
In horse therhypoglycemic convulsions can be easily elicited with one half rabbit units per kilo of body weight. The convulsive blood sugar level was about 0, 050 grams per 100c.c.
(4) The efficiency of various sugars in relieving the symptoms caused by insulin in albino rats was studied. The results obtained agree essentially with those of Noble and Macleod in rabbit and of Herring, Irvine and Macleod in mice. Put the quantity of glucose just required (0, 020-0, 025, grams per ten grams of live weight)=1, then mannose=2, maltose=3, fructose>3, galactose>3, and arabinose>4.
(5) Insulin exerts no perceptible action on the course of avian beriberi, and vitamin B (oryzanin) has also no influence upon the insulin reactions.

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