[in Japanese]

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Previously, the present author""" examined the value of the cell count inmilk and BCP, BTB and CL reactions in the diagnosis of mastitis and reportedthat great care should be taken in the evaluation. In the present study, toobserve the qualitative changes of cells in the milk obtained from cows andgoats with baci11ar3r mastitis (A 1 -32), whose colostrum was stagnated (B 1 -11), on which milking had been interrupted (B12 -51) and which were healthy, microscopical examinations were made on the pathological changes of peroxidasein cytoplasm by copper peroxidase reaction after fixing milk with 4X.ORTHSsolution. It was found that, in mastitis, a peculiar change was observable incytoplasm.1. During bacillary mastitis, leucocytes, especially neutrophile ones, in-creased in nurnber and the formation of conglomerulations of various sizes wascharacteristic in both acute and chronic inflammations. Peroxidase in the cyto-plasm at the center of the conglomerulation had disappeared (Fig. 2, 3, 5) andthat at the periplreral part showed disturbed arrangement and peripheral dis-tribution (Fig. 4, 6).2. No conglomerulation of cells was observed in the milk from healthyanimals (Fig. 1).3. In some cases of stagnation of colostrum, or interrupted milking, epi-thelial cells of the gland and conglomerulation of leucocytes (Fig. 7, 8) werefound, though the above stated disappearance of peroxidase was not observed.These conglomerulations were resolved as time elapsed (usually after 5 days)and no new infiltration of leucocytes took place. 4. The more marked the disappearance of peroxidase of conglomerulations, the more intense was the catalase reaction : an antagonism was observed be-tween them.

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Phosphorus 32 was administered to the chicken. In the preliminary stageof the study on radiation injury, we studied the changes in absorption, excretionand distribution after administration, and the result out changes in the irradiateddose rate of the various organs. In the case of /3-emitter as in the case ofP", the irradiation dose has a great differentiation among the organs. As faras the marrow is concerned, its effects on the organ was many times greaterthan in the other organs.

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The authors reported previously on the bacterial flora in the udders ofhealthy" and mastitis cows"In consideration of the results obtained, it was strongly felt that in orderto ascertain the causes of mastitis a more detailed classification should be madeof the organisms isolated from both normal and diseased cases.In this connection, in the present report, Micrococcaceae were classified indetail and the results obtained were as follows :1. Taxonomic studies were made on 212 strains of Micrococcaceae.I) Micrococcaceae were classified into 3 large groups, viz., (a) those whichdivide in two planes at right angels from each other fortning tetrads, (b) thosewhich divide in three planes at right angles from each other, forming regularrackets, and (c) those which divide in undefinite tclanes forming irregular masseson the basis of the arrangement of cells.In the past, the microorga-nisms forming tetrads were designated as (;afkyaand those forming regular packets as Sarcina.As there was no reason to classify irregular mass-forming cocci into Sta-phyloccus and Micrococcus, these cocci were termed Staphylococcus.2. Staphylococcus were classified into 3 types on the basis of coagulase produc-lion and their behaviour in carbohydrates fermentation.Strains which produced coagulase and fermented carbohydrates were calledStaphylococcus type I, those which did not produce coagulase, but fermentedcarbohydrates, were called Staphylococczts type II, and those which did notproduce coaglase nor fermented carbohydrates were called Staphylococcus typeIII.Strains classified as Staphylococcus type I, Staphylococcus type II, Staphylo-coccus type III, (;afkya and Sarcina were 51, 104, 4, 19 and 34 respectively.2. Classifications of Lactobacillaceae (Streptococcus) and Corynebacteriaceae weremade according to the classification proposed by OCHI et al. (1958", 1940")and the classification of Gram-negative bacilli by the Bergeys Mannual, 7th Ed.1) Out of the 150 strains of Lactobacillaceae (Streptococcus) examined, 120 strains were classified as belonging to the Lactococcus group, 25 strains tothe Enterococcus group and the remaining 5 strains to the Streptococcus group.2) All of the 51 strains of (:orynebacteriaceae were found to belong toCorynebacteriutn and 28 strains were classified as being of Corynebacleriumpseudodiphthericum type I, 14 as of Qorynebacterium pyogenes and 9 as of(:orynebacterium pseudodi phthericum II.3) Out of the 33 strains of Gram-negative bacilli available for examina-tion, 17 strains were classified as Paracolobactrum, 3 strains as Escherichia and13 as non-identified Gram-negative bacilli.

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The authors previously rerorted on the bacterial flora of the udders ofhealthy" and mastitis cows, " as well as on the bacteriological classification of theisolated organisms."I. Comparison of the bacterial flora of the udders of healthy and mastitis cows.As for the normal flora of the udders, (3 herds, 53 cows, 201 quarters)Staphylococcus was the most predominant and Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Stre-ptococcus, Gafkya, Sarcina, Gram-negative bacilli and Fungi were usolated witha lessening frequency in the order listed. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Gafkya, Corynebacterium and Gram-negative bacilli were isolated in the stateof either pure culture or predominant to the other organisms at the rate of 42, 9, 6, 5, 4 and 1%, respectively. Two or more kinds of organisms were isolatedin an almost equal quantity in 29% and no viable organisms were isolated in2, 96.As for the bacterial flora of mastitis cows, (100) Streptococcus was isolatedmost frequently and Bacillus, Gram-negative bacilli, Staphylococcus, (:oryne-bacterium, Sarcina, and Gafkya were isolated less frequently in the order listed.Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and Gram-negative bacilli wereisolated in the state of either pure culture or predominant to the other organismsin 51, 11, 9 and 9%, respectively. Two or more kinds of organisms weremsolated in an almost equal amount in I7g and bacterial isolation was negativein 3%.IT. Relation between our classification of the organisms isolated frorn norrnaludders and bovine mastitis.I) StreptococcusLactococcus group was predominant in both the healthy or the diseasedudders next in frequency was Enterococcus group and the least frequent wasSlre ptococcus group.2) StaphylococcusAs for the normal flora of udders, Staphylococcus type II was observedrnost frequently (89%), Staphylococcus type I came next (9, 961), Staphylococcustype III was least in frequency (1%).In the case of rrnastitis, Staphylococcus type I comprised 40% of the organisnxsisolated and Staphylcccccus type II, 60%. Out ofwas Staphylococcus type II and this moreover, was isolated with a considerableamount of Escherichiae.3 ) CorynebacteriumAll the organisms isolated from normal udders were Corynebacteriumpseudodiphthericum, while the organisms isolated from cases of of mastitis, 70%were identified as Corxnebacterium pxoxenes and 30% as Corxnebacterium pseudo-diphthericuwt.In the case of mastitis out of the 11 cases from which ()orynebaeterittmwas isolated in the state of either pure culture or predominant to otherorzanisms, 9 cases were Corxnebacterium pxozenes and 2 cases were Cortne-bacterium pseudodiphthericum, one being mixed with Streptococcus and the otherwith Escherichiae and Streptococcus.4) Gram-negative bacilliA few strains isolated from normal udders were identified as Enterobacter-iaceae, while many strains isolated from the cases of mastitis were identified asEschet"ichiae.In the case of mastitis, out of the 9 cases from which Gram-negative bacilliwere isolated in the state of either pure culture or predominant to the otherorganisms, 8 cases were Escherichiae and 1 case was Protetts, mixed withStreptococcus.Isolation of Gafkya and Sarcina was low in frequency and Bacillus wasrather high from both normal and mastitis udders. In the case of mastitis, however, these organisms were not isolated in the predominant state.On the basis of the above mentioned results, Streptococcns, especiallyLactococcus nrouv, StaPh;lococcus tvr>e I, Corxnebacterittm P?ozenes and Escheri-chiae are regarded as the most important causative agents of bovine mastitis. [the rest omitted]

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